Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

sectors by the government organizations, and it confirms this plan to banks in order to
increase the investment of energy recovery business. These organizations also support the
municipalities by providing training and learning the case study plants and budgets.
Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) and Office of Natural Resources Environmental
Policy and Planning (ONEP) consider the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of
energy recovery plants. The environmental issues from oil recovery plants like air pollution
and residue waste generation are controlled and monitored by these organizations. The oil
recovery plants need to clear EIA requirements before the establishment. Thus, interest
investors have to propose the EIA report and environment protection methods to these
organizations before constructing energy recovery plants.
4.3.2.2 Comparison of plastic waste management scenarios by financial analysis
The results of financial analysis were presented to compare the expenditure and revenue of
each scenario. The waste management expenditure was estimated by considering the
payment of each waste management flows such as collection and transportation, recycling,
landfilling, municipal and industrial incineration, RDF production (integrated waste
management system), plastic to oil, and open environment (hidden cost). Similarly, the
revenues from waste management scenarios were calculated from Baht/tonne of revenues,
and then multiplying by the amounts of plastic wastes of each flow. The details of waste
management costs and revenue are shown in Table E-10 in Appendix E. Table 4.7 shows
the expenditure and revenue of plastic waste management scenarios.
Table 4.7 Expenditure and Revenue of Plastic Waste Management Scenario
Scenario
Waste management
expenditure
(Million Baht)
84
Revenue from waste
management
(Million Baht)
Net present
value
(Million Baht)
Scenario 1 7,816,537 2,554 7,813,983
Scenario 2A 5,419,182 6,163 5,413,019
Scenario 2B 5,420,911 6,163 5,414,748
Scenario 3 10,866,320 8,346 10,857,974
From Table 4.7, 11 trillion Baht will be the expenditure of scenario 3 for promotion of
waste to energy scheme in 2016. This number is highest compared to the scenario 1 and
scenario 2 because the investment costs of waste incineration and oil recovery are over 4
million Baht/tonne of plastic wastes (PCD, 2011). According to PCD (2006), the revenues
from electricity sales of Phuket waste incinerator were 6.4 million Baht in 2006. Revenues
from incineration of each scenario were calculated by multiplying Baht per tonne of
revenue from incinerators by the amount of plastic waste for incineration. The net present
values of each scenario were presented in above table, and they are net expenditures which
are provided for each process of plastic waste management in 2016.
The cheapest scenario is the scenario 2 because the net present value will be 5 trillion Baht
(Both of 2A and 2B) in 2016 compared to 7.8 trillion Baht of scenario 1 and 11 trillion
Baht of scenario 3. This scenario focused on the increase of recycling rate, and most
revenues will be from the sales of recycled products (Revenues of scenario 2 do not
include the revenue from plastic bag taxation). Moreover, the investment and operational
costs of recycling sectors are cheaper than waste incineration, landfilling, RDF production,