Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...
Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ... Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...
4.1.2.2 Plastic waste generation in industry and waste utilization In 2010, there was 1.83 million tonnes of industrial plastic waste generation, and then it was 1.84 million tonnes in 2011. The amounts of municipal and industrial plastic waste recycling in 2010 were 0.35 (14%) and 0.16 (8%) million tonnes respectively. The amounts of plastic waste generation and recycled plastic wastes in municipality and industry are shown in Figure 4.8. Amount of plastic waste (1000 tonnes) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 Figure 4.8 Amounts of plastic waste generation and recycled plastic wastes (PCD, 2011) From Figure 4.8, plastic wastes were generated a lot of waste amount, but plastic waste were recycled in small amounts, especially industrial sector. Thus, plastic wastes are still the problem of waste management because they affect the space areas in landfills which are used to dispose waste, and they spent more time for degradation. 4.1.2.3 Plastic waste collection and disposal Normally, local administrations provide the waste bins at roadsides to storage wastes from household and institutions. the waste collection services are also provided by municipality. During waste collection, BMA waste collectors always separate plastic wastes from curbside bins, especially plastic bottles. The BMA waste collectors mix and sell sorted plastic wastes to the waste shops in front of transfer station (field observation, 2013). Figure 4.9 illustrates BMA waste collectors collect wastes and sort them for sale. Figure 4.10 shows the waste transferring process at Sai Mai transfer station. Besides, there are waste pickers and transfer station/landfill scavengers who collect and separate wastes from waste bin for sale. Figure 4.11 and 4.12 present waste pickers and landfill scavengers respectively. BMA has a good solid waste management system because the local administration can collect wastes coverall BMA areas. At the transfer station, solid wastes are usually sorted by the scavengers who do the illegal waste separation in transfer station areas. Therefore, the amount of wastes for disposal decrease and the municipalities can save their expenditure for waste collection and disposal. 57 Municipal Plastic Waste Recycled Municipal Plastic Waste Industrial Plastic Waste Recycled Industrial Plastic Waste Year
Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Figure 4.11 Waste pickers 58 Figure 4.10 Waste transferring process Figure 4.12 Landfill scavengers There are three favorite waste disposal methods in Thailand such as landfilling, incineration, and open dumping and burning. Figure 4.13 presents the percentage of waste disposal methods in Thailand in 2010. 5.77 million tonnes or 38% of solid wastes in 2010 was disposed properly out of which 37% of proper disposed wastes was disposed at landfills. There were three incinerators in Thailand which are in Phuket province, Toa Island and Samui Island. Although, the solid waste management in other urban areas has a good disposal site, but lack of the maintenance funds and skilled labors cause the increasing in percentage of open dumping and open burning. Therefore, municipalities have to operate and monitor continuously waste disposal to improve the best practice on waste management in Thailand. Open dumping and Open burning 61% Municipal incineration 2% Landfilling 37% Figure 4.13 Percentage of waste disposal method in Thailand in 2010 (PCD, 2010)
- Page 15 and 16: Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
- Page 17 and 18: 2. Injection molding: First, the pl
- Page 19 and 20: Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
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- Page 51 and 52: Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
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- Page 109 and 110: References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
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4.1.2.2 <strong>Plastic</strong> waste generation <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustry and waste utilization<br />
In 2010, there was 1.83 million tonnes <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustrial plastic waste generation, and then it<br />
was 1.84 million tonnes <strong>in</strong> 2011. The amounts <strong>of</strong> municipal and <strong>in</strong>dustrial plastic waste<br />
recycl<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> 2010 were 0.35 (14%) and 0.16 (8%) million tonnes respectively. The<br />
amounts <strong>of</strong> plastic waste generation and recycled plastic wastes <strong>in</strong> municipality and<br />
<strong>in</strong>dustry are shown <strong>in</strong> Figure 4.8.<br />
Amount <strong>of</strong> plastic waste (1000<br />
tonnes)<br />
3000<br />
2500<br />
2000<br />
1500<br />
1000<br />
500<br />
0<br />
2008 2009 2010 2011<br />
Figure 4.8 Amounts <strong>of</strong> plastic waste generation and recycled plastic wastes (PCD, 2011)<br />
From Figure 4.8, plastic wastes were generated a lot <strong>of</strong> waste amount, but plastic waste<br />
were recycled <strong>in</strong> small amounts, especially <strong>in</strong>dustrial sector. Thus, plastic wastes are still<br />
the problem <strong>of</strong> waste management because they affect the space areas <strong>in</strong> landfills which are<br />
used to dispose waste, and they spent more time for degradation.<br />
4.1.2.3 <strong>Plastic</strong> waste collection and disposal<br />
Normally, local adm<strong>in</strong>istrations provide the waste b<strong>in</strong>s at roadsides to storage wastes from<br />
household and <strong>in</strong>stitutions. the waste collection services are also provided by municipality.<br />
Dur<strong>in</strong>g waste collection, BMA waste collectors always separate plastic wastes from<br />
curbside b<strong>in</strong>s, especially plastic bottles. The BMA waste collectors mix and sell sorted<br />
plastic wastes to the waste shops <strong>in</strong> front <strong>of</strong> transfer station (field observation, 2013).<br />
Figure 4.9 illustrates BMA waste collectors collect wastes and sort them for sale. Figure<br />
4.10 shows the waste transferr<strong>in</strong>g process at Sai Mai transfer station.<br />
Besides, there are waste pickers and transfer station/landfill scavengers who collect and<br />
separate wastes from waste b<strong>in</strong> for sale. Figure 4.11 and 4.12 present waste pickers and<br />
landfill scavengers respectively. BMA has a good solid waste management system because<br />
the local adm<strong>in</strong>istration can collect wastes coverall BMA areas. At the transfer station,<br />
solid wastes are usually sorted by the scavengers who do the illegal waste separation <strong>in</strong><br />
transfer station areas. Therefore, the amount <strong>of</strong> wastes for disposal decrease and the<br />
municipalities can save their expenditure for waste collection and disposal.<br />
57<br />
Municipal <strong>Plastic</strong><br />
<strong>Waste</strong><br />
Recycled<br />
Municipal <strong>Plastic</strong><br />
<strong>Waste</strong><br />
Industrial <strong>Plastic</strong><br />
<strong>Waste</strong><br />
Recycled<br />
Industrial <strong>Plastic</strong><br />
<strong>Waste</strong><br />
Year
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