Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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3.4.2 Data collection for MFA Most of secondary data were collected to analyze the material flow of plastic in Thailand, and the information from interviews and field observations were least used than the secondary data. The secondary data for MFA were from the reports of organizations, researches, websites, books, and newspaper. The available data should report the numbers of each flow in 2010. During the data collection phase, the required background data for the material flow analysis was clarified to improve the actual plastic flow in Thailand. The material flow of plastic in Thailand was proposed following the review of existing data which are the key processes and flows in the system boundary. Secondary data were collected from the ministries, government departments, authorities, and person of concern having roles and responsibilities with regard to plastic waste management in the city and plastic waste reduction, reuse, and recycling. The secondary data for MFA were from: - Pollution Control Department (PCD) - Department of Industry Work (DIW) - Department of Public Cleansing, Solid Waste Disposal Division - Petroleum Institute of Thailand (PTIT) - Plastic Institute of Thailand (PIT) - Thai Plastic Industries Association (TPIA) - Thai Plastics Foam Recycling Industries Association (TPFRIA) - The Office of Industrial Economics (OIE) - Thai Cement Manufacturers Association (TCMA) - The Custom Department - The Plastic Intelligence Unit Website (PIU) Moreover, the primary data for MFA were collected by field observation at waste shops, plastic recycling factories, the cement factories, and oil recovery plant. The details of needed information for MFA of plastic in Thailand are shown in Table 3.1. Table 3.1 Details of Needed Information for MFA of Plastic in Thailand No. Parameter Description Source of information 1 RMP Amount of raw material (thermoplastic) which is used to produce plastic products used 2 RMS Amount of raw material (thermosetting) which is used to produce plastic products used 3 IMP Amount of imported raw material (thermoplastic) 4 IMS Amount of imported raw material (thermosetting) 5 IP Amount of imported plastic products 43 -Petroleum Institute of Thailand (PTIT) -Petroleum Institute of Thailand (PTIT) -Petroleum Institute of Thailand (PTIT) -Custom Department -Petroleum Institute of Thailand (PTIT) -Custom Department -Plastic Intelligence Unit Website (PIU) -Custom Department
Table 3.1 Details of Needed Information for MFA of Plastic in Thailand (continued) No. Parameter Description Source of information 6 EP Amount of exported plastic products Plastic Intelligence Unit Website (PIU) -Custom Department 7 PP Amount of plastic products (thermoplastic) 8 PS Amount of plastic products (thermosetting) 9 Stock 1 Amount of raw materials or plastic products which is stocked in the plastic manufacturing process 44 -Plastic Intelligence Unit Website (PIU) -Petroleum Institute of Thailand (PTIT) -Plastic Intelligence Unit Website (PIU) -Petroleum Institute of Thailand (PTIT) -Office of Industrial Economics (OIE) 10 IPW1 Amount of industrial plastic waste generation in the plastic manufacturing -Pollution Control Department (PCD) 11 Stock 2 Amount of plastic products which is stocked in the plastic consumption process (using) -Office of Industrial Economics (OIE) 12 PWP Amount of plastic waste generation (thermoplastic) from plastic consumption process -Pollution Control Department (PCD) 13 PWP Amount of plastic waste generation (thermosetting) from plastic consumption process 15 IPW2 Amount of industrial plastic waste generation in the other industries -Pollution Control Department (PCD) 16 CUC Amount of uncollected plastic wastes -Pollution Control Department (PCD) 17 MI Amount of municipal plastic wastes which is burnt at municipal incineration -Pollution Control Department (PCD) 18 II2 Amount of industrial plastic wastes -Department of Industrial Works which is burnt at industrial incinerators and cement kiln -Pollution Control Department (PCD) 19 L Amount of plastic wastes which is -Department of Industrial Works disposed at landfill -Pollution Control Department (PCD) 20 R Amount of plastic wastes which is recycled -Pollution Control Department (PCD) 21 CUD Amount of plastic wastes which is not disposed properly (open burning, open dumping) -Pollution Control Department (PCD) 22 EW Amount of exported plastic wastes -Custom Department 23 Stock 3 Amount of plastic wastes which is stocked in the collection and transportation process 24 Stock 4 Amount of plastic wastes which is stocked in environment
Page 1 and 2: Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
Page 5 and 6: List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
Page 7 and 8: 4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
Page 9 and 10: PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
Page 11 and 12: Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
Page 13 and 14: 4R principle includes recovery, rec
Page 15 and 16: Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
Page 17 and 18: 2. Injection molding: First, the pl
Page 19 and 20: Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
Page 21 and 22: 2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
Page 23 and 24: 5. Housewares: This kind of product
Page 25 and 26: process usually involves two steps,
Page 27 and 28: Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
Page 29 and 30: product from gas into liquid. The p
Page 31 and 32: Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
Page 33 and 34: 2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
Page 35 and 36: 3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
Page 37 and 38: Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
Page 39 and 40: There are 0.25 million workers in r
Page 41 and 42: 2. Collecting and recording the inf
Page 43 and 44: For example, if the stakeholder has
Page 45 and 46: (DENR). A pilot collection program
Page 47 and 48: 3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
Page 49 and 50: 3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
Page 51: Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
Page 55 and 56: questionnaires, interview, field ob
Page 57 and 58: From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
Page 59 and 60: Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
Page 61 and 62: 12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
Page 63 and 64: From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
Page 65 and 66: Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
Page 69 and 70: Similarly, some recycling factories
Page 71 and 72: Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
Page 73 and 74: 50% of agricultural products was co
Page 75 and 76: Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
Page 77 and 78: From Figure 4.26, the material flow
Page 79 and 80: future is the same as current situa
Page 81 and 82: From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
Page 83 and 84: The one issue of plastic waste segr
Page 89 and 90: Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
Page 91 and 92: From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
Page 93 and 94: sectors by the government organizat
Page 95 and 96: industrial waste incineration of ea
Page 97 and 98: 4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
Page 99 and 100: of them. For example, one individua
Page 101 and 102: Local administrative bodies are als
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was presented, and the percentage o
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5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
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11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
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References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
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Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
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Plastic Waste Management Institute.
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Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
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Table A-1 Details of parameters and
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A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
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Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
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- What is the knowledge that the wa
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2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
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4. Environmental, law, policy, and
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B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
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B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
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3. Production process information a
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B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
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B.6 Checklists for waste collector
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2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
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This shop does not buy foam, plasti
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(a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
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c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
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matters/dust. This shop is a stable
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Washing and drying process are oper
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C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
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silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
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Residue wastes are produced about 1
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C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
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Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
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3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
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Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
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Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
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networks. This project is not widel
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C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
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4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
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6. Environment issues and observati
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C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
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fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
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ates and desorption inside capillar
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Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
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Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
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D.2 Calculation of the material flo
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Table D-2 Details of calculation of
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Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
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E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
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Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
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E.4 The estimation of imported and
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