Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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Table of Contents Chapter Title Page Title Page i Acknowledgements ii Abstract iii Table of Contents iv List of Tables v List of Figures vi List of Abbreviations viii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Objectives of Study 2 1.3 Scope and Limitations of the Study 2 2 Literature Review 3 2.1 Solid Waste Management 3 2.2 Plastics 5 2.3 Plastic Waste Management 14 2.4 Laws and Policies Related to Plastic Waste Management 25 in Thailand 2.5 Material Flow Analysis (MFA) 27 2.6 Stakeholder Analysis 30 3 Methodology 37 3.1 Introduction 37 3.2 Study Area 38 3.3 Sample Size 40 3.4 Material Flow Analysis 41 3.5 Stakeholder Analysis 46 3.6 Develop Plastic Waste Management Option 49 4 Results and Discussions 51 4.1 Current Situation of Plastic Industry and Plastic Wastes Management in Thailand 51 4.2 Material Flow Analysis of Plastic in Thailand 61 4.3 Prediction of Plastic Waste Management in 2016 69 4.4 Stakeholder Analysis for Plastic Waste Management in Thailand 87 5 Conclusions and Recommendations 96 5.1 Conclusion 96 5.2 Recommendations for Future Work 98 References 100 Appendix 107 iv
List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1 Categories of Recycling 4 2.2 Codes, Characteristics of Plastics and Its Products 5 2.3 Plastic Formation Processes and Its Raw Materials and Products in Thailand 7 2.4 Heating Values of Various Fuels and Wastes 17 2.5 The Rate of Recycling, Thermal-Treatment, and Landfilling 28 2.6 Stakeholder Table 32 3.1 Details of Needed Information for MFA of Plastic in Thailand 43 3.2 Results of Power and Leadership Analysis 47 4.1 Annual Data of Plastic Industries in 2010 52 4.2 Amount of Product Generation, Imported-Exported Products and Virgin Material Used in Country in 2002, 2005, 2010 and 2011 54 4.3 Amount of Waste Generation in Thailand, 2003-2010 55 4.4 Percentage of Composition of Plastic Waste in Bangkok in 2004 and 2013 56 4.5 Prices of Recycled Resins Classifying by Color 61 4.6 Percentage of Plastic Waste Management of Each Scenario 70 4.7 Expenditure and Revenue of Plastic Waste Management Scenario 84 4.8 Importance and Influence of Stakeholders 89 v
Page 1 and 2: Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
Page 3: Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
Page 7 and 8: 4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
Page 9 and 10: PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
Page 11 and 12: Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
Page 13 and 14: 4R principle includes recovery, rec
Page 15 and 16: Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
Page 17 and 18: 2. Injection molding: First, the pl
Page 19 and 20: Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
Page 21 and 22: 2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
Page 23 and 24: 5. Housewares: This kind of product
Page 25 and 26: process usually involves two steps,
Page 27 and 28: Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
Page 29 and 30: product from gas into liquid. The p
Page 31 and 32: Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
Page 33 and 34: 2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
Page 35 and 36: 3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
Page 37 and 38: Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
Page 39 and 40: There are 0.25 million workers in r
Page 41 and 42: 2. Collecting and recording the inf
Page 43 and 44: For example, if the stakeholder has
Page 45 and 46: (DENR). A pilot collection program
Page 47 and 48: 3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
Page 49 and 50: 3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
Page 51 and 52: Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
Page 53 and 54: Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
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questionnaires, interview, field ob
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From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
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Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
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12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
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From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
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Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
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Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
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Similarly, some recycling factories
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Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
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50% of agricultural products was co
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Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
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From Figure 4.26, the material flow
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future is the same as current situa
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From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
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The one issue of plastic waste segr
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Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
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From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
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sectors by the government organizat
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industrial waste incineration of ea
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4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
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of them. For example, one individua
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Local administrative bodies are als
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was presented, and the percentage o
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5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
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11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
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References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
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Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
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Plastic Waste Management Institute.
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Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
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Table A-1 Details of parameters and
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A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
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Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
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- What is the knowledge that the wa
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2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
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4. Environmental, law, policy, and
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B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
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B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
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3. Production process information a
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B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
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B.6 Checklists for waste collector
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2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
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This shop does not buy foam, plasti
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(a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
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c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
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matters/dust. This shop is a stable
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Washing and drying process are oper
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C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
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silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
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Residue wastes are produced about 1
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C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
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Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
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3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
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Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
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Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
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networks. This project is not widel
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C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
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4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
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6. Environment issues and observati
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C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
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fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
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ates and desorption inside capillar
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Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
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Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
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D.2 Calculation of the material flo
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Table D-2 Details of calculation of
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Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
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E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
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Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
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E.4 The estimation of imported and
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