Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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irrelevant advantages and disadvantages may represent a misunderstanding of the project). The interest data also can be cross-referenced with the power/leadership data to indicate what the most important stakeholders may have to lose or gain from the project. The alliance information should be cross-referenced with the position data to identify those alliances that may be potential sources of support, as well as those that may work together to oppose the project. The alliance data can also be cross-referenced with the power/leadership analysis results to highlight those alliances that are potentially the most supportive or threatening to the project (Schmeer, 2013). 2.6.3 Case study of Stakeholder Analysis 1. Philippines There are many stakeholders related to recycling system in Philippines such as waste generators, primary junk shops, trader-consolidator/large scale junk shops, recyclerprocessor, and manufacturers. The characteristics of stakeholders of recycling system include location (e.g., resident areas, commercial areas, and industrial zones), business organization (junk shops, recycling plants), capitals (economics, level of GDP), length of operation (operational year of junk shop/recycling plant), labor force (numbers of workers), and space (needed areas for junk shop/recycling plant). The recycler flow of trade and flow of recyclable recycling is shown in Figure 2.31. Figure 2.31 Recycler Flow of Trade and Flow of Recyclable Recycling (Kojima and Rebullida, 2008) There are other stakeholders related to recycling system, especially policy and law makers and government sector. The Philippine Business for the Environment organizes the Industrial Waste Exchange Network with related organizations such as Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) of the Department of the Environment and Natural Resources 35
(DENR). A pilot collection program for mobile phones has been conducted as a part of the “Study on the Development of the Recycling Industry,” a joint project between the Philippine’ Board of Investments and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (BOI- JICA project) including mobile phone manufactures, and this project is done for many types of recyclable wastes (e.g., plastics, paper, glass, etc.) The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) formulates and implements a coding system for packaging material and products to facilities waste recycling and reuse. The memorandum of understanding (MoU) on the establishment of ecolabeling was signed by the Product Standards Office of DTI, the Environmental Management Bureau of DENR, and NGO (the Clean & Green Foundation) based on ISO14024. Moreover, the details of the green procurement programs carried out by each organization should be reported to the National Ecolabeling Program Board (ELPB). 2. Japan Japan defines stakeholders of recycling system from the responsibilities of stakeholders by laws. First, Law for the Recycling of End of Life Vehicles force two manufacturers associations to collect the treatment fees for destroying coolants and disposing shredded dust and air bags. Second, Construction Material Recycling Law requires contractors and construction companies to sort out and recycle waste generated in the work of building demolition. Third, Law for the Recycling of Specified Kinds of Home Appliances defines the responsibilities of manufactures and consumers to collect and recycle products. Fourth, Law for the Recycling and Related Activities for the Treatment of Cyclical Food Resources emphasize the responsibilities of the waste generators such as restaurants, food processing industries and other food service providers. Fifth, Law for the Promotion of the Sorted Collection and Recycling of Containers and Packaging requires business entities that manufacture and use containers and packages to bear the financial responsibility of recycling. The Industrial Waste Information Exchange Program links suppliers with users in the industrial waste industry, in order to enhance the utilization of industrial waste. Local governments have conducted such programs. The Eco-Town Projects are supported by the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, especially in the development of advanced recycling facilities. Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) specify standards for industrial activities in Japan covering dozens of recycled products and testing methods. Eco-Labeling and Green Procurement projects is introduced by the Japan Environmental Management Association for Industry with the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry based on ISO14021, ISO14024, and ISO14025 (Kojima and Rebullida, 2008). 36
Page 1 and 2: Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
Page 5 and 6: List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
Page 7 and 8: 4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
Page 9 and 10: PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
Page 11 and 12: Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
Page 13 and 14: 4R principle includes recovery, rec
Page 15 and 16: Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
Page 17 and 18: 2. Injection molding: First, the pl
Page 19 and 20: Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
Page 21 and 22: 2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
Page 23 and 24: 5. Housewares: This kind of product
Page 25 and 26: process usually involves two steps,
Page 27 and 28: Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
Page 29 and 30: product from gas into liquid. The p
Page 31 and 32: Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
Page 33 and 34: 2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
Page 35 and 36: 3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
Page 37 and 38: Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
Page 39 and 40: There are 0.25 million workers in r
Page 41 and 42: 2. Collecting and recording the inf
Page 43: For example, if the stakeholder has
Page 47 and 48: 3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
Page 49 and 50: 3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
Page 51 and 52: Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
Page 53 and 54: Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
Page 55 and 56: questionnaires, interview, field ob
Page 57 and 58: From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
Page 59 and 60: Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
Page 61 and 62: 12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
Page 63 and 64: From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
Page 65 and 66: Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
Page 69 and 70: Similarly, some recycling factories
Page 71 and 72: Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
Page 73 and 74: 50% of agricultural products was co
Page 75 and 76: Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
Page 77 and 78: From Figure 4.26, the material flow
Page 79 and 80: future is the same as current situa
Page 81 and 82: From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
Page 83 and 84: The one issue of plastic waste segr
Page 89 and 90: Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
Page 91 and 92: From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
Page 93 and 94: sectors by the government organizat
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industrial waste incineration of ea
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4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
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of them. For example, one individua
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Local administrative bodies are als
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was presented, and the percentage o
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5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
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11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
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References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
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Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
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Plastic Waste Management Institute.
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Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
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Table A-1 Details of parameters and
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A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
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Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
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- What is the knowledge that the wa
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2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
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4. Environmental, law, policy, and
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B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
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B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
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3. Production process information a
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B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
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B.6 Checklists for waste collector
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2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
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This shop does not buy foam, plasti
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(a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
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c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
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matters/dust. This shop is a stable
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Washing and drying process are oper
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C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
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silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
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Residue wastes are produced about 1
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C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
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Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
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3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
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Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
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Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
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networks. This project is not widel
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C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
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4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
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6. Environment issues and observati
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C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
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fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
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ates and desorption inside capillar
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Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
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Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
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D.2 Calculation of the material flo
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Table D-2 Details of calculation of
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Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
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E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
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Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
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E.4 The estimation of imported and
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