Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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Table E-9 Details of each flow of scenario 3 (continued) No. Description Value (Tonnes/year) 42 Landfilling 885,793 43 Stock in landfill 836,929 Stock = input of process - output of process 44 Plastic waste for recycling 498,546 45 46 47 Actual plastic waste for recycling Improper disposed waste (Thermosetting) Improper disposed waste (Thermoplastic) 733,282 10,196 222,999 231 Assumption and Calculation The summary of landfilling plastic wastes from each source. This amount is from municipal and industrial wastes for landfilling. Assumed that 14% of municipal thermoplastic wastes will recycled in 2016. This amount is from municipal and industrial wastes for recycling. Assumed that 24% of municipal waste for recycling will be recycled in 2016. (14% of material recycling and 10% of feedstock recycling) Assumed that 43% of municipal thermosetting wastes will not disposed properly (Not present in the material flow) Assumed that 9.5% of municipal thermoplastic wastes will not disposed properly (Not present in the material flow) 48 Improper disposed waste 233,195 The summary of undisposed municipal wastes from each source 49 Stock in environment 496,648 Stock = Uncollected waste + Improper disposed waste Municipal incineration process 50 51 Off-gas (1) from municipal incineration Residue waste (1) from municipal incineration Industrial incineration process Industrial incineration 52 (cement) 53 Off-gas (2) from industrial incineration 213,397 Assumed that 90% of off-gas generation will be generated in municipal incineration in 2016 23,711 Assumed that 10% of residue waste will be generated in municipal incineration in 2016. 300,000 Assumed that 300,000 tonnes of landfilled plastic wastes will be produced RDF and burnt in the cement kiln in 2016. 2,157,907 Assumed that 90% of off-gas generation will be generated in industrial incineration
Table E-9 Details of each flow of scenario 3 (continued) No. Description 54 55 56 Industrial incineration (other factories) Stock in industrial incineration (cement) Residue waste (4) from industrial incineration disposing at landfill Recycling process Value (Tonnes/year) 47,421 48,969 190,799 57 Imported waste 17,760 232 Assumption and Calculation Assumed that 20% of plastic waste for industrial incineration will be burnt at industrial incinerators in 2016. (not cement factories) (Not present in the material flow) Assumed that 10% of residue waste generation will be generated in the cement kiln in 2016. This amount which is used in cement klin as a cement substitution materials. Assumed that 10% of residue waste generation from industrial incinerators will be disposed at landfills in 2016. Assumed that the amount of imported plastic waste will slightly increase in 2016, so this number will be the same as the amount of imported plastic waste in 2010. (this amount includes only thermoplastic wastes) 58 Fresh waste to oil 234,736 Assumed that 10% of municipal plastic wastes for recycling will used to recover crude oil in 2016. 59 Recycled product 444,023 Assumed that 86% of recycled product will be produced in 2016. 60 Residue waste (3) from material recycling 72,283 Assumed that 14% of residue waste generation from material recycling in 2016. Plastic to oil process 61 Landfill excavation 65,700 The numbers of plastic to oil plants at the municipal landfills will be 30 plants in 2016, but the same amount of plastic waste feeding (6 tonnes/day) 62 Crude oil 270,393 Assumed that 90% of crude oil will be produced from all plastic waste feeding 63 Residue waste (2) from oil recovery 30,044 Assumed that 10% of residue wastes will be generated from all plastic waste feeding
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Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
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Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
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List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
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4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
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PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
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Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
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4R principle includes recovery, rec
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Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
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2. Injection molding: First, the pl
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Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
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2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
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5. Housewares: This kind of product
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process usually involves two steps,
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Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
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product from gas into liquid. The p
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Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
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2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
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3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
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Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
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There are 0.25 million workers in r
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2. Collecting and recording the inf
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For example, if the stakeholder has
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(DENR). A pilot collection program
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3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
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3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
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Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
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Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
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questionnaires, interview, field ob
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From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
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Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
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12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
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From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
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Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
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Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
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Similarly, some recycling factories
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Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
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50% of agricultural products was co
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Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
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From Figure 4.26, the material flow
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future is the same as current situa
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From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
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The one issue of plastic waste segr
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Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
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From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
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sectors by the government organizat
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industrial waste incineration of ea
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4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
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of them. For example, one individua
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Local administrative bodies are als
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was presented, and the percentage o
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5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
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11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
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References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
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Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
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Plastic Waste Management Institute.
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Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
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Table A-1 Details of parameters and
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A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
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Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
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- What is the knowledge that the wa
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2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
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4. Environmental, law, policy, and
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B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
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B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
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3. Production process information a
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B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
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B.6 Checklists for waste collector
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2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
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This shop does not buy foam, plasti
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(a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
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c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
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matters/dust. This shop is a stable
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Washing and drying process are oper
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C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
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silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
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Residue wastes are produced about 1
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C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
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Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
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3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
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Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
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Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
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networks. This project is not widel
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C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
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4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
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6. Environment issues and observati
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C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
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Page 193 and 194: Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
Page 195 and 196: Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
Page 197 and 198: D.2 Calculation of the material flo
Page 199 and 200: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
Page 215 and 216: Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
Page 217 and 218: E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
Page 219 and 220: Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
Page 223 and 224: E.4 The estimation of imported and
Page 239: Table E-9 Details of each flow of s
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