Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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E.8 Calculation of plastic flows in 2016; Scenario 3 Table E-9 Details of each flow of scenario 3 No. Description Manufacturing process Imported pellet 1 (Thermoplastic) 2 3 4 Imported pellet (Thermosetting) Raw material (Thermoplastic) Raw material (Thermosetting) Value (Tonnes/year) 1,491,446 227 Assumption and Calculation This amount was estimated by considering the growth rate of imported thermoplastic pellets. The amount of imported thermoplastic will increase by 13% in 2016 300,000 Assumed that 300,000 tonnes of imported thermosetting pellets in 2016. 3,721,094 430,513 5 Stock in manufacturing 922,792 Stock = input of process - output of process 6 Exported product 1,141,864 7 8 Plastic product (Thermoplastic) Plastic product (Thermosetting) 3,549,422 657,462 The estimation of thermoplastic raw materials was done by considering the growth rate of total pellet consumption. The amount of plastic pellet consumption will increase by 3% for each year. The amount of thermoplastic material consumption must be deducted by thermosetting material consumption before filling in the material flow. The estimation of thermosetting raw materials was done by considering the growth rate of total pellet consumption. The amount of plastic pellet consumption will increase by 3% in 2016. The amount of thermosetting material consumption will increase by 8% in 2016. This amount was estimated by considering the growth rate of exported products. The amount of exported products will increase by 4% in 2016. The estimated amounts of imported and exported plastic products are shown in Table E-4 in Appendix E. 90% of raw material (Masterbatch) and imported pellets will be changed into plastic products in 2016. (but it was deducted by the amount of exported product before put in the material flow) 90% of raw material (Masterbatch) and imported pellets will be changed into plastic products in 2016. Assumed that it is not imported and exported
Table E-9 Details of each flow of scenario 3 (continued) No. Description Value (Tonnes/year) Assumption and Calculation 9 10 11 12 Total industrial plastic waste (IPW) generation IPW generation from plastic manufacturing Industrial plastic waste (IPW) for recycling (1) Reuse (stocked) industrial plastic waste (1) Industrial plastic waste 13 for landfilling (1) Industrial plastic waste 14 for industrial incineration (1) Industrial plastic waste 15 (1) Plastic consumption process 2,123,934 1,061,967 84,957 42,479 4,248 930,283 1,019,489 16 Imported Product 1,113,900 17 18 Plastic waste generation in MSW Plastic waste (Thermosetting) in MSW 2,634,526 26,345 Esstimating the amount of industrial plastic waste generation, this amount was calculated by considering increase of population in 2016 (Thai population In 2016 = 65,491,692 persons) (Not present in the material flow) Assumed that 50% of industrial plastic waste generation is generated in the manufacturing process (Not present in the material flow) Amount of IPW was recycled in the recycling factories. The percentage of recycling rate of industrial plastic waste was 8% in 2010. Assumed that the percentage of recycling rate will not change in 2016. (Not include in the material flow) Assumed that 4% of IPW will be reused or stocked in the manufacturing in 2016. (Not present in the material flow) Assumed that 0.4% of industrial plastic waste was disposed at landfills in 2016. (Not present in the material flow) Assumed that 87.6% of industrial plastic waste (use as fuels) will be burnt in industrial incineration to recovery energy in 2016. (Not present in the material flow) The amount of industrial plastic wastes was shown in the material flow of scenario 3. IPW (1) = IPW (recycling)+IPW (landfilling)+IPW (incineration) This amount was estimated by considering the growth rate of imported products. The amount of imported products will increase by 20% in 2016. Estimating the amount of plastic waste generation, This amount was calculated by considering the increase of population in 2016 (Thai population In 2016 = 65,491,692). (Not present in the material flow) Assumed that 1% of total plastic waste is thermosetting waste generation (Not present in the material flow) 228
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Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
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Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
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List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
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4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
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PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
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Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
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4R principle includes recovery, rec
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Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
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2. Injection molding: First, the pl
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Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
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2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
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5. Housewares: This kind of product
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process usually involves two steps,
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Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
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product from gas into liquid. The p
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Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
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2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
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3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
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Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
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There are 0.25 million workers in r
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2. Collecting and recording the inf
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For example, if the stakeholder has
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(DENR). A pilot collection program
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3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
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3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
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Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
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Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
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questionnaires, interview, field ob
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From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
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Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
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12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
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From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
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Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
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Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
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Similarly, some recycling factories
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Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
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50% of agricultural products was co
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Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
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From Figure 4.26, the material flow
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future is the same as current situa
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From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
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The one issue of plastic waste segr
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Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
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From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
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sectors by the government organizat
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industrial waste incineration of ea
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4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
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of them. For example, one individua
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Local administrative bodies are als
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was presented, and the percentage o
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5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
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11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
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References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
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Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
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Plastic Waste Management Institute.
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Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
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Table A-1 Details of parameters and
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A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
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Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
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- What is the knowledge that the wa
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2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
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4. Environmental, law, policy, and
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B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
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B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
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3. Production process information a
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B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
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B.6 Checklists for waste collector
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2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
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This shop does not buy foam, plasti
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(a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
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c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
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matters/dust. This shop is a stable
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Washing and drying process are oper
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C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
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silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
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Residue wastes are produced about 1
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C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
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Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
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3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
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Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
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Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
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networks. This project is not widel
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C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
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4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
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Page 187 and 188: C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
Page 189 and 190: fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
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Page 193 and 194: Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
Page 195 and 196: Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
Page 197 and 198: D.2 Calculation of the material flo
Page 199 and 200: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
Page 215 and 216: Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
Page 217 and 218: E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
Page 219 and 220: Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
Page 223 and 224: E.4 The estimation of imported and
Page 235: Table E-8 Details of each flow of s
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