Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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Table E-7 Details of each flow of scenario 2A (continued) No. Description Value (Tonnes/year) Assumption and Calculation 44 Landfilling (Thermoplastic) 704,209 Assumed that 30% of municipal thermoplastic wastes will be disposed at landfills in 2016. (Not present in the material flow) 45 Landfilling 732,561 The summary of landfilling plastic wastes from each source. This amount is from municipal and industrial wastes for landfilling. 46 Stock in landfill 1,008,144 Stock = input of process - output of process 47 Plastic waste for recycling 1,341,389 Assumed that 30% of municipal thermoplastic wastes will recycled in 2016. This amount is from municipal and industrial wastes for recycling. 48 Improper disposed waste (Thermosetting) in MSW 12,567 Assumed that 53% of municipal thermosetting wastes will not disposed properly (Not present in the material flow) 49 Improper disposed waste (Thermoplastic) in MSW 187,789 Assumed that 8% of municipal thermoplastic wastes will not disposed properly (Not present in the material flow) 50 Improper disposed waste 200,356 The summary of undisposed municipal wastes from each source 51 Stock in environment 463,808 Stock = Uncollected waste + Improper disposed waste Municipal incineration process 52 53 Off-gas (1) from municipal incineration Residue waste (1) from municipal incineration Industrial incineration process Industrial incineration 54 (cement) 55 Off-gas (2) from industrial incineration 37,937 9,484 Assumed that the amount of off-gas generation from municipal incineration will not change in 2016, thus 80% of off-gas generation will be generated in municipal incineration. Assumed that the amount of residue waste from municipal incineration will not change, so 20% of residue waste will be generated in municipal incineration. 42,500 Assumed that the landfill excavation for RDF production will not change in 2016 1,131,340 Assumed that the amount of off-gas generation from industrial incineration will not change in 2016, thus 80% of off-gas generation will be generated in industrial incineration. 219
Table E-7 Details of each flow of scenario 2A (continued) No. Description 56 57 Industrial incineration (other factories) Stock in industrial incineration (cement) Residue waste (4) from 58 industrial incineration disposing at landfill Recycling process Value (Tonnes/year) 5,928 31,025 251,810 59 Imported waste 17,760 220 Assumption and Calculation Assumed that 5% of waste is burnt at industrial incinerators (not cement factories) (Not present in the material flow) Assumed that the amount of residue waste from municipal incineration will not change, so 20% of residue waste will be generated in municipal incineration. This amount which is used in cement kiln as a cement substitution material. Assumed that 20% of residue waste generation from industrial incinerators will be disposed at landfills in 2016. Assumed that the amount of imported plastic waste will slightly increase in 2016, so this number will be the same as the amount of imported plastic waste in 2010. (This amount includes only thermoplastic wastes). 60 Fresh waste to oil 7,300 Assumed that the amount of fresh plastic waste to oil will not change in 2016. 61 Recycled product 1,284,257 Residue waste (3) from 62 material recycling Plastic to oil process 63 Landfill excavation 15,330 64 Crude oil 18,104 65 Residue waste (2) from oil recovery Assumed that the efficiency of recycling process in recycling factory will increase from 86% in 2010 to 95% of recycled product generation in 2016. 67,592 Assumed that 5% of residue waste generation from material recycling in 2016. 4,526 Assumed that the landfill excavation for plastic to oil will slightly increase within 2016. Thus, the amount of landfill excavation is the same in 2010. Assumed that the efficiency of oil recovery will not change in 2016, so 80% of crude oil will be produced from all plastic waste feeding. Assumed that the efficiency of oil recovery will not change in 2016, so 20% of residue wastes will be generated from all plastic waste feeding.
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Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
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Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
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List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
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4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
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PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
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Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
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4R principle includes recovery, rec
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Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
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2. Injection molding: First, the pl
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Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
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2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
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5. Housewares: This kind of product
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process usually involves two steps,
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Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
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product from gas into liquid. The p
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Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
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2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
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3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
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Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
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There are 0.25 million workers in r
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2. Collecting and recording the inf
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For example, if the stakeholder has
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(DENR). A pilot collection program
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3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
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3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
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Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
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Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
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questionnaires, interview, field ob
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From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
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Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
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12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
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From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
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Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
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Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
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Similarly, some recycling factories
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Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
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50% of agricultural products was co
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Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
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From Figure 4.26, the material flow
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future is the same as current situa
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From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
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The one issue of plastic waste segr
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Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
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From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
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sectors by the government organizat
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industrial waste incineration of ea
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4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
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of them. For example, one individua
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Local administrative bodies are als
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was presented, and the percentage o
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5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
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11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
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References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
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Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
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Plastic Waste Management Institute.
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Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
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Table A-1 Details of parameters and
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A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
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Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
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- What is the knowledge that the wa
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2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
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4. Environmental, law, policy, and
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B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
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B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
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3. Production process information a
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B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
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B.6 Checklists for waste collector
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2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
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This shop does not buy foam, plasti
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(a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
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c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
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matters/dust. This shop is a stable
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Washing and drying process are oper
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C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
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silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
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Residue wastes are produced about 1
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C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
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Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
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3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
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Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
Page 177 and 178: Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
Page 179 and 180: networks. This project is not widel
Page 181 and 182: C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
Page 183 and 184: 4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
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Page 187 and 188: C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
Page 189 and 190: fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
Page 191 and 192: ates and desorption inside capillar
Page 193 and 194: Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
Page 195 and 196: Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
Page 197 and 198: D.2 Calculation of the material flo
Page 199 and 200: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
Page 215 and 216: Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
Page 217 and 218: E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
Page 219 and 220: Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
Page 223 and 224: E.4 The estimation of imported and
Page 227: Table E-7 Details of each flow of s
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