Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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Table E-3 Details of each flow of scenario 1 (continued) No. Description Recycling process Value (Tonnes/year) 42 Imported waste 17,760 43 Fresh waste to oil 7,300 44 Recycled product 406,342 45 Residue waste (3) from material recycling Plastic to oil process 46 Landfill excavation (landfilled wastes to oil) 66,149 15,330 213 Assumption and Calculation The assumption is the amount of imported plastic wastes in 2016 will be the same as the amount in 2010. Assumed that this amount includes only thermoplastic wastes. Fresh plastic wastes were used as raw materials at oil recovery plant. The amount of plastic waste used was estimated from multiplying 2,190 tonnes/plant/year by the numbers of oil recovery plants which used fresh plastic wastes. There were three oil recovery plants which used fresh plastic wastes. However, another one oil recovery plant used 730 tonnes/year of fresh plastic wastes. Total amount of fresh plastic waste used was 7,300 tonnes/year in 2010 (see Table E-6). The assumption is the amount of fresh plastic waste used in 2016 at the oil recovery plants will be the same as in 2010. Assumed that 86% of recycled product will be produced from the material recycling in 2016. The summary of industrial and municipal plastic wastes was calculated before multiplying by this percentage. Assumed that 14% of residue wastes will be generated from the material recycling in 2016. The summary of industrial and municipal plastic wastes was calculated before multiplying by this percentage. Landfilled plastic wastes were used as raw materials at oil recovery plant. The amount of plastic waste used was estimated by from multiplying 2,190 tonnes/plant/year by the numbers of oil recovery plants which used landfilled plastic wastes. There were seven oil recovery plants which used landfilled plastic wastes. Total amount of landfilled plastic waste used was 15,330 tonnes/year in 2010 (see Table E-5). The assumption is the amount of landfilled used in 2016 at the oil recovery plants will be the same as in 2010. 47 Crude oil 18,104 Assumed that 80% of crude oil will be produced from all plastic waste feeding 48 Residue waste (2) of oil recovery 4,526 Assumed that 20% of residue wastes will be produced from all plastic waste feeding
E.4 The estimation of imported and exported products in 2010-2016 Table E-4 Estimated amounts of imported and exported products in 2010-2016 Year Amount of plastic product (tonne) Imported product Exported product Growth rate (%) 20 4 2010 421289.56 949077.45 2011 453305.31 967146.51 2012 541460.27 992650.15 2013 648465 1028018.052 2014 776616 1064646.103 2015 930093 1102579.205 2016 1113901 1141863.854 E.5 Calculation of the plastic to oil process Table E-5 Details and calculation of the amount of landfilled plastic waste to oil Landfill excavation Value Unit Plastic waste from landfill 6 tonnes/day The number of plastic to oil plant in Thailand 7 Plants % Crude oil generation 80 Percent % Residue waste generation 20 Percent Landfilled plastic waste used = 6 X 7 X 365 = 15,330 tonnes/year Crude oil = 15,330 X 0.8 = 12,264 tonnes/year Residue waste from oil recovery = 15,330 X 0.2= 3,066 tonnes/year Table E-6 Details and calculation of the amount of fresh plastic waste to oil Fresh waste to oil Value Unit Plastic to oil plant (private company) 3 plants Fresh plastic waste (private company) Crude oil generation (private company) 214 = 3 X 6 X 365 = 6,570 = 6,570 X 0.8 = 5,256 tonnes/da y tonnes/da y Residue waste generation (private company) = 6,570 X 0.2 = 1,314 tonnes/da y Plastic to oil plant (researched plant in university) 1 plants tonnes/da Fresh plastic waste (researched plant in university) = 1 X 6 X 365 = 730 y tonnes/da Crude oil generation (researched plant in university) = 730 x 0.8 = 584 y Residue waste generation (researched plant in tonnes/da university) = 730X .2 = 146 y
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Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
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Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
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List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
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4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
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PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
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Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
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4R principle includes recovery, rec
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Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
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2. Injection molding: First, the pl
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Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
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2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
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5. Housewares: This kind of product
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process usually involves two steps,
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Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
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product from gas into liquid. The p
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Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
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2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
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3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
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Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
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There are 0.25 million workers in r
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2. Collecting and recording the inf
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For example, if the stakeholder has
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(DENR). A pilot collection program
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3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
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3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
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Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
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Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
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questionnaires, interview, field ob
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From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
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Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
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12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
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From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
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Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
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Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
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Similarly, some recycling factories
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Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
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50% of agricultural products was co
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Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
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From Figure 4.26, the material flow
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future is the same as current situa
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From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
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The one issue of plastic waste segr
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Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
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From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
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sectors by the government organizat
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industrial waste incineration of ea
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4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
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of them. For example, one individua
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Local administrative bodies are als
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was presented, and the percentage o
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5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
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11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
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References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
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Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
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Plastic Waste Management Institute.
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Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
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Table A-1 Details of parameters and
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A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
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Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
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- What is the knowledge that the wa
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2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
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4. Environmental, law, policy, and
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B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
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B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
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3. Production process information a
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B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
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B.6 Checklists for waste collector
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2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
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This shop does not buy foam, plasti
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(a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
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c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
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matters/dust. This shop is a stable
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Washing and drying process are oper
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C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
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silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
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Residue wastes are produced about 1
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C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
Page 171 and 172: Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
Page 173 and 174: 3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
Page 175 and 176: Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
Page 177 and 178: Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
Page 179 and 180: networks. This project is not widel
Page 181 and 182: C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
Page 183 and 184: 4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
Page 185 and 186: 6. Environment issues and observati
Page 187 and 188: C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
Page 189 and 190: fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
Page 191 and 192: ates and desorption inside capillar
Page 193 and 194: Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
Page 195 and 196: Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
Page 197 and 198: D.2 Calculation of the material flo
Page 199 and 200: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
Page 215 and 216: Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
Page 217 and 218: E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
Page 219 and 220: Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
Page 221: Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
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