Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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Table E-3 Details of each flow of scenario 1 (continued) No. Description 29 30 Reuse (stocked) industrial plastic waste (2) Landfilling of industrial plastic waste (2) Value (Tonnes/year) 42,479 4,248 211 Assumption and Calculation Assumed that 4% of IPW will be reused or stocked in the manufacturing in 2016. (Not present in the material flow) Assumed that 0.4% of industrial plastic waste was disposed at landfills in 2016. (Not present in the material flow) 31 Industrial plastic waste for industrial incineration (2) 930,283 Assumed that 87.6% of industrial plastic waste (use as fuels) will be burnt in industrial incineration to recovery energy in 2016. (Not present in the material flow) 32 Industrial plastic waste (2) 1,019,489 The amount of industrial plastic wastes was shown in the material flow of scenario 1. IPW (2) = IPW (recycling)+IPW (landfilling)+IPW (incineration) Collection and transportation process 33 Exported municipal plastic waste 198,222 Assumed that 9.5% of thermoplastic wastes will be exported in 2016 34 35 Municipal incineration (Thermosetting) Municipal incineration (Thermoplastic) 422 41,731 36 Total municipal incineration 42,152 37 Industrial incineration (2) 1,860,567 29 Landfilling (Thermosetting) 7,798 30 Landfilling (Thermoplastic) 772,022 Assumed that 2% of thermosetting wastes will be burnt at the incinerators (Not present in the material flow). 1% is from the amount of combusted wastes in the municipal incineration, and 1% is from the waste utilization by energy recovery Assumed that 2% of thermoplastic wastes will be burnt at the incinerators (Not present in the material flow). 1% is from the amount of combusted wastes in the municipal incineration, and 1% is from the waste utilization by energy recovery The summary of wastes to municipal incineration of thermosetting and thermoplastic wastes The summary of wastes for industrial incineration from the manufacturing and plastic consumption processes. Assumed that 37% of thermosetting wastes will disposed at landfills (Not present in the material flow) Assumed that 37% of thermoplastic wastes was disposed at landfills (Not present in the material flow)
Table E-3 Details of each flow of scenario 1 (continued) No. Description Value (Tonnes/year) Assumption and Calculation 31 Total landfilling of MSW 788,316 The summary of landfilling of thermoplastic and thermosetting wastes 32 Stock in landfill 1,181,704 Stock = input of process - output of process 33 Plastic waste for recycling 462,031 Assumed that 14% of thermoplastic wastes will be recycled in 2016. 34 Improper disposed waste (Thermosetting) in MSW 12,856 Assumed that 61% of thermosetting wastes will not disposed properly (Not present in the material flow) 35 Improper disposed waste (Thermoplastic) in MSW 782,454 Assumed that 37.5% of thermoplastic wastes will not disposed properly (Not present in the material flow). 36 Total improper disposed waste 795,311 The summary of improper disposed thermosetting and thermoplastic wastes 37 Stock in environment 1,322,216 Stock = Uncollected waste + Improper disposed waste Municipal incineration process 38 Off-gas (1) from municipal incineration 33,722 Assumed that 80% of municipal plastic waste which is burnt in municipal incineration will become off-gas in 2016. 39 Residue waste (1) from municipal incineration 8,430 Assumed that 20% of municipal plastic waste which is burnt in municipal incineration will become ash in 2016. Industrial incineration process 40 41 42 Industrial incineration (1) (cement) Off-gas (2) from industrial incineration Residue waste (4) from industrial incineration 42,500 1,522,453 372,113 43 Stock in industrial incineration 8,500 This amount was estimated by using 50,000 tonnes/year of RDF production from landfilled wastes multiplying by the numbers of cement factories (5 plants). Assumed that 17% of plastic wastes in landfilled wastes. Assumed that 80% of plastic waste which is burnt in municipal incineration will become off-gas in 2016. Assumed that 20% of total industrial plastic wastes for industrial incineration will become ash after combustion and will be disposed at landfills. Assumed that 20% of plastic waste which is burnt in cement kiln will become ash in 2016 and be used as material substitution. 212
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Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
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Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
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List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
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4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
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PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
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Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
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4R principle includes recovery, rec
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Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
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2. Injection molding: First, the pl
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Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
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2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
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5. Housewares: This kind of product
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process usually involves two steps,
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Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
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product from gas into liquid. The p
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Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
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2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
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3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
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Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
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There are 0.25 million workers in r
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2. Collecting and recording the inf
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For example, if the stakeholder has
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(DENR). A pilot collection program
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3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
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3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
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Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
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Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
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questionnaires, interview, field ob
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From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
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Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
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12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
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From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
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Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
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Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
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Similarly, some recycling factories
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Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
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50% of agricultural products was co
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Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
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From Figure 4.26, the material flow
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future is the same as current situa
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From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
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The one issue of plastic waste segr
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Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
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From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
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sectors by the government organizat
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industrial waste incineration of ea
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4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
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of them. For example, one individua
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Local administrative bodies are als
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was presented, and the percentage o
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5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
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11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
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References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
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Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
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Plastic Waste Management Institute.
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Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
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Table A-1 Details of parameters and
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A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
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Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
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- What is the knowledge that the wa
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2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
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4. Environmental, law, policy, and
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B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
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B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
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3. Production process information a
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B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
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B.6 Checklists for waste collector
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2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
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This shop does not buy foam, plasti
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(a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
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c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
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matters/dust. This shop is a stable
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Washing and drying process are oper
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C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
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silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
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Residue wastes are produced about 1
Page 169 and 170: C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
Page 171 and 172: Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
Page 173 and 174: 3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
Page 175 and 176: Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
Page 177 and 178: Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
Page 179 and 180: networks. This project is not widel
Page 181 and 182: C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
Page 183 and 184: 4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
Page 185 and 186: 6. Environment issues and observati
Page 187 and 188: C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
Page 189 and 190: fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
Page 191 and 192: ates and desorption inside capillar
Page 193 and 194: Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
Page 195 and 196: Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
Page 197 and 198: D.2 Calculation of the material flo
Page 199 and 200: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
Page 215 and 216: Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
Page 217 and 218: E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
Page 219: Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
Page 223 and 224: E.4 The estimation of imported and
Page 225 and 226: Table E-7 Details of each flow of s
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