Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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Appendix E Plastic Waste Management Scenario E.1 Estimation of plastic pellet consumption and imported pellets in 2011-2016 Table E-1 Estimated amounts of plastic pellet consumption and imported pellets in 2011-2016 Year Imported pellet (Thermoplastic) Amount of plastic pellet (tonne) Imported pellet (Thermosetting) 207 Raw material (Thermoplastic) * Raw material (Thermosetting) Growth rate (%) 13 - - 8 2011 809,150 - 3,268,000 293,000 2012 914,418 - 3,355,545 316,440 2013 1,033,381 - 3,444,673 341,755 2014 1,167,820 - 3,535,343 369,096 2015 1,319,750 - 3,627,503 398,623 2016 1,491,446 300,000 * 3,721,095 430,513 *The amount of imported thermosetting pellet in 2016 was assumed. **The amount of thermoplastic material consumption was calculated by deducting the amount of total raw material consumption by the amount of thermosetting materials consumption. E.2 Calculation of waste estimation from industry and municipality in 2006-2016 Table E-2 Amount of plastic waste generation in MSW and industry in 2006-2016 Year Waste generation (tonne/year) Population (person) Plastic waste generation in MSW (tonne/year) Plastic waste generation in industry (tonne/year) 2006 14,604,380 62,828,706 2,482,745 2,298,000 2007 14,721,180 63,038,247 2,502,601 2,368,000 2008 14,988,360 63,389,730 2,548,021 2,288,800 2009 15,114,650 63,525,062 2,569,490 1,656,000 2010 15,159,180 63,878,267 2,577,061 1,831,750 2011 15,979,335 64,076,033 2,716,487 1,841,000 2012 15,228,641 64,356,695 2,588,869 2,087,126 2013 15,295,345 64,638,587 2,600,209 2,096,268 2014 15,362,341 64,921,714 2,611,598 2,105,450 2015 15,429,630 65,206,080 2,623,037 2,114,672 2016 15,497,214 65,491,692 2,634,526 2,123,934 *The percentage of population change is 0.44% **The amount of waste generation can be calculated by finding the per capita waste generation in 2005-2011, and then the per capita wastes generation was averaged. The average amount was multiplied by the numbers of population in each year.
E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in 2016; Scenario 1 Table E-3 Details of each flow of scenario 1 No. Description Value (Tonnes/year) Assumption and Calculation Manufacturing process 1 Imported pellet (Thermoplastic) 1,491,446 This amount was estimated by considering the growth rate of imported thermoplastic pellets. The amount of imported thermoplastic will increase by 13% in 2016 2 Imported pellet (Thermosetting) 300,000 Assumed that 300,000 tonnes of imported thermosetting pellets in 2016. The estimation of thermoplastic raw materials was done by considering the growth rate of total pellet consumption. The amount of plastic pellet consumption will 3 Raw material (Thermoplastic) 3,721,094 increase by 3% for each year. The amount of thermoplastic material consumption must be deducted by thermosetting material consumption before filling in the material flow. The estimation of thermosetting raw materials was done by considering the growth 4 Raw material (Thermosetting) 430,513 rate of total pellet consumption. The amount of plastic pellet consumption will increase by 3% in 2016. The amount of thermosetting material consumption will increase by 8% in 2016. 5 Stock in manufacturing 137,390 The amount of plastic pellet was stocked in country. Assumed that the amount of stocked in manufacturing will be the same in 2010. 6 Calculated stock by STAN -18,841 Stock = input of process - output of process This amount was estimated by considering the growth rate of exported products. The 7 Exported product 1,141,864 amount of exported products will increase by 4% in 2016. The estimated amounts of imported and exported plastic products are shown in Table E-4 in Appendix E. 90% of raw material (Masterbatch) and imported pellets will be changed into plastic 8 Plastic product (Thermoplastic) 3,549,422 products in 2016. (but it was deducted by the amount of exported product before put in the material flow) 208
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Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
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Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
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List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
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4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
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PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
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Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
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4R principle includes recovery, rec
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Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
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2. Injection molding: First, the pl
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Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
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2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
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5. Housewares: This kind of product
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process usually involves two steps,
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Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
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product from gas into liquid. The p
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Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
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2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
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3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
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Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
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There are 0.25 million workers in r
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2. Collecting and recording the inf
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For example, if the stakeholder has
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(DENR). A pilot collection program
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3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
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3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
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Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
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Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
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questionnaires, interview, field ob
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From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
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Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
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12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
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From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
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Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
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Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
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Similarly, some recycling factories
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Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
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50% of agricultural products was co
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Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
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From Figure 4.26, the material flow
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future is the same as current situa
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From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
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The one issue of plastic waste segr
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Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
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From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
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sectors by the government organizat
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industrial waste incineration of ea
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4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
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of them. For example, one individua
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Local administrative bodies are als
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was presented, and the percentage o
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5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
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11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
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References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
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Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
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Plastic Waste Management Institute.
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Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
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Table A-1 Details of parameters and
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A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
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Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
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- What is the knowledge that the wa
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2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
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4. Environmental, law, policy, and
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B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
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B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
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3. Production process information a
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B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
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B.6 Checklists for waste collector
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2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
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This shop does not buy foam, plasti
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(a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
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c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
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matters/dust. This shop is a stable
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Washing and drying process are oper
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C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
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Page 167 and 168: Residue wastes are produced about 1
Page 169 and 170: C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
Page 171 and 172: Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
Page 173 and 174: 3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
Page 175 and 176: Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
Page 177 and 178: Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
Page 179 and 180: networks. This project is not widel
Page 181 and 182: C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
Page 183 and 184: 4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
Page 185 and 186: 6. Environment issues and observati
Page 187 and 188: C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
Page 189 and 190: fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
Page 191 and 192: ates and desorption inside capillar
Page 193 and 194: Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
Page 195 and 196: Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
Page 197 and 198: D.2 Calculation of the material flo
Page 199 and 200: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
Page 215: Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
Page 219 and 220: Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
Page 223 and 224: E.4 The estimation of imported and
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