Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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Table D-2 Details of calculation of the material flow of plastics in Thailand, 2010 (continued) No. Description 55 56 Fresh waste to oil Recycled product Value (Tonnes/year) 7,300.00 363,259 203 Assumption and Calculation There are three oil recovery plants of private company, and The three plants were set at TPI Polene PLC. (Saraburi province), Renewable Energy Ltd.,Co. (Saraburi province), and Bangkok Tyre Refinery Ltd., Co. (Chachoengsao province). The assumption is 6 tonnes/day of fresh plastic waste from community is fed into the reactor of oil recovery plants, so the amount of fresh plastic waste is 6,570 tonnes/year. Nowadays, the oil recovery plants of the Renewable Energy and Tyre Refinery company are not operated because there is not any middle dealer and waste shop who sell fresh plastic wastes. The TPI Polene company has the municipal solid wastes from community to burn in cement plant, and the sorted plastic wastes are fed in the pyrolysis reactor. Moreover, the one oil recovery plant is in Rajamangala University of Technology Thunyaburi (RMUTT). This plant uses 2 tonnes/day of fresh plastic waste, so the amount of fresh plastic waste is 730 tonnes/year. Thus, the total amount of fresh plastic waste is 7,300 tonnes/year. The recycled product means that plastic wastes from collection and transportation process are recycled into plastic pellets (pelletizing) because most plastic products are produced from plastic pellets. According to the case study of pelletizing factory, 86% of plastic waste will become recycled plastic pellets/products (Jantanaroch, 2010).
Table D-2 Details of calculation of the material flow of plastics in Thailand, 2010 (continued) No. Description 57 58 Residue waste from material recycling Undisposed waste (Thermosetting) Value (Tonnes/year) 59,135 12,576 204 Assumption and Calculation The amount of thermoplastic waste is used to recycle was 422,394 tonnes/year because the aggregate of 256,934 tonnes of MSW, 155,000 tonnes of industrial waste for recycling and 17,760 tonnes of imported wastes were deducted by 7,300 tonnes of fresh waste for oil recovery before calculation. Then, the calculation was done by using 422,394 tonnes of thermoplastic multiplying by the percentage of recycled product generation. Thus, the amount of recycled product was 363,259 tonnes/year. The residue waste from material recycling means that plastic wastes from collection and transportation process cannot recycled into plastic pellets (pelletizing) and become wastes after manufacturing According to the case study of pelletizing factory, 14% of waste generation from material recycling in the manufacture (Jantanaroch, 2010). The amount of thermoplastic waste is used to recycle was 422,394 tonnes/year because the aggregate of 256,934 tonnes of MSW, 155,000 tonnes of industrial waste for recycling and 17,760 tonnes of imported wastes were deducted by 7,300 tonnes of fresh waste for oil recovery before calculation. Then, the calculation was done by using 422,394 tonnes of thermoplastic multiplying by the percentage of residue waste generation. Thus, the amount of residue waste generation was 59,135 tonnes/year. The undisposed waste means that wastes may not be collected and disposed, and it is in the environment by open dumping and burning. According to PCD (2010), 47% of improper waste disposal. The assumption is 61% of MSW thermosetting wastes was not disposed properly. The amount of thermosetting waste which is used to calculate was 20,616 tonnes/year, so, the amount of improper thermosetting waste disposal was 12,576 tonnes/year (Not present in the material flow).
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Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
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Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
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List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
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4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
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PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
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Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
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4R principle includes recovery, rec
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Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
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2. Injection molding: First, the pl
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Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
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2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
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5. Housewares: This kind of product
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process usually involves two steps,
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Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
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product from gas into liquid. The p
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Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
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2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
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3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
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Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
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There are 0.25 million workers in r
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2. Collecting and recording the inf
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For example, if the stakeholder has
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(DENR). A pilot collection program
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3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
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3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
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Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
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Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
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questionnaires, interview, field ob
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From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
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Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
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12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
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From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
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Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
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Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
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Similarly, some recycling factories
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Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
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50% of agricultural products was co
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Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
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From Figure 4.26, the material flow
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future is the same as current situa
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From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
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The one issue of plastic waste segr
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Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
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From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
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sectors by the government organizat
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industrial waste incineration of ea
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4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
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of them. For example, one individua
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Local administrative bodies are als
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was presented, and the percentage o
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5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
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11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
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References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
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Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
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Plastic Waste Management Institute.
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Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
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Table A-1 Details of parameters and
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A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
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Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
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- What is the knowledge that the wa
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2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
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4. Environmental, law, policy, and
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B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
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B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
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3. Production process information a
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B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
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B.6 Checklists for waste collector
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2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
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This shop does not buy foam, plasti
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(a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
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c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
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matters/dust. This shop is a stable
Page 161 and 162: Washing and drying process are oper
Page 163 and 164: C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
Page 165 and 166: silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
Page 167 and 168: Residue wastes are produced about 1
Page 169 and 170: C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
Page 171 and 172: Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
Page 173 and 174: 3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
Page 175 and 176: Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
Page 177 and 178: Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
Page 179 and 180: networks. This project is not widel
Page 181 and 182: C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
Page 183 and 184: 4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
Page 185 and 186: 6. Environment issues and observati
Page 187 and 188: C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
Page 189 and 190: fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
Page 191 and 192: ates and desorption inside capillar
Page 193 and 194: Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
Page 195 and 196: Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
Page 197 and 198: D.2 Calculation of the material flo
Page 199 and 200: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
Page 211: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
Page 215 and 216: Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
Page 217 and 218: E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
Page 219 and 220: Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
Page 223 and 224: E.4 The estimation of imported and
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