Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...
Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ... Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...
Table D-2 Details of calculation of the material flow of plastics in Thailand, 2010 (continued) No. Description 47 48 49 Stock in industrial incineration Residue waste from industrial incineration Landfill excavation Value (Tonnes/year) 8,500 320,595 15,330 50 Crude oil 18,104 201 Assumption and Calculation From the efficiency of municipal incineration at Phuket province, the amount of ash generation is 15%-20% of waste feeding (PCD, 2006). The assumption is 20% of plastic waste which is burnt in industrial incineration will become ash. The amount of ash generation was calculated by using 42,500 tonnes of waste used in cement factory multiplying by 20% of ash generation, so the amount of ash generation was 8,500 tonnes/year. This ash is used to mix with the cement products. The residue wastes of industrial wastes which are burnt in the industrial incineration (industrial estate) are disposed at landfills. The assumption is 20% of industrial wastes (1,602,973 tonnes) is disposed at landfills. The amount of residue waste was 320,595 tonnes/year in 2010. There are 7 oil recovery plants which are observed and presented on the website. These seven plants use plastic wastes from landfill excavation, and they are in Samutprakan, Hau-Hin, Ubonrachathani, Rayong, Pitsanulok, Khin Khaen, and Sa Kaeo province in Thailand. According to Single Point Energy Engineering company (SPEE) report and the field observation, the amount of landfilled plastic waste feeding is 6 tonnes/plant/day (PCD, 2010). Thus, the total amounts of landfilled plastic waste feeding in Thailand are 15,330 tonnes/year. From the Hua-Hin municipality presentation, 80% of crude oil will be produced from 100% of plastic waste feeding (PCD, 2010). The assumption is all oil recovery plants in the municipalities and private companies have the same production capacity. The total amounts of plastic waste feeding into oil recovery plant are 22,630 tonnes/year (15,330 tonnes/year from landfill excavation and 7,300 tonnes/year from municipal waste). Thus, the amount of crude oil generation is 18,104 tonnes/year.
Table D-2 Details of calculation of the material flow of plastics in Thailand, 2010 (continued) No. Description 51 Residue waste from oil recovery Value (Tonnes/year) 4,526 52 Stock in landfill 1,027,224 53 Plastic waste for recycling 256,934 54 Imported waste 17,760 202 Assumption and Calculation From the Hua-Hin municipality presentation, 20% of residue wastes will be produced from 100% of plastic waste feeding (PCD, 2010). The assumption is all oil recovery plants in the municipalities and private companies have the same production capacity. The total amounts of plastic waste feeding into oil recovery plant are 22,630 tonnes/year (15,330 tonnes/year from landfill excavation and 7,300 tonnes/year from municipal waste). Thus, the amount of residue waste generation from oil recovery plants is 4,526 tonnes/year. From, Stock = input of process - output of process Thus, Stock = (59,135 + 4,526 + 320,595 + 7,423 + 686,668 + 6,707 – 42,500 - 15,330) = 1,027,224 tonnes/year According to PCD (2010), 14% of municipal solid wastes were recycled. The amount of thermoplastic waste which is used to calculate is 1,835,242 tonnes/year because 2,041,032 tonnes/year of thermoplastic waste is deducted by 205,790 tonnes/year of exported waste before calculation. Therefore, the amount of waste recycling was 256,934 tonnes/year in 2010. The amount of imported plastic waste means that amounts of plastic wastes which are imported from other countries. This number is shown in the Custom Department. It can be searched on the website by use the specific code of plastic wastes (HS-Code). The plastic waste codes consist of 3915.1000.000 (waste of polyethylene), 3915.3000.000 (waste of PVC), 3915.9010.000 (waste of copolymer of vinyl acetate and chloride), and 3915.9090.000 (waste of other plastics), and it does not include thermosetting wastes (Custom Department, 2013). The amount of imported and exported plastic wastes in 2007-2011 are shown in Table D-4.
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Table D-2 Details <strong>of</strong> calculation <strong>of</strong> the material flow <strong>of</strong> plastics <strong>in</strong> <strong>Thailand</strong>, 2010 (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />
No. Description<br />
47<br />
48<br />
49<br />
Stock <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>dustrial<br />
<strong>in</strong>c<strong>in</strong>eration<br />
Residue waste<br />
from <strong>in</strong>dustrial<br />
<strong>in</strong>c<strong>in</strong>eration<br />
Landfill<br />
excavation<br />
Value<br />
(Tonnes/year)<br />
8,500<br />
320,595<br />
15,330<br />
50 Crude oil 18,104<br />
201<br />
Assumption and Calculation<br />
From the efficiency <strong>of</strong> municipal <strong>in</strong>c<strong>in</strong>eration at Phuket prov<strong>in</strong>ce, the amount <strong>of</strong> ash generation is<br />
15%-20% <strong>of</strong> waste feed<strong>in</strong>g (PCD, 2006). The assumption is 20% <strong>of</strong> plastic waste which is burnt <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>dustrial <strong>in</strong>c<strong>in</strong>eration will become ash. The amount <strong>of</strong> ash generation was calculated by us<strong>in</strong>g<br />
42,500 tonnes <strong>of</strong> waste used <strong>in</strong> cement factory multiply<strong>in</strong>g by 20% <strong>of</strong> ash generation, so the amount<br />
<strong>of</strong> ash generation was 8,500 tonnes/year. This ash is used to mix with the cement products.<br />
The residue wastes <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustrial wastes which are burnt <strong>in</strong> the <strong>in</strong>dustrial <strong>in</strong>c<strong>in</strong>eration (<strong>in</strong>dustrial<br />
estate) are disposed at landfills. The assumption is 20% <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustrial wastes (1,602,973 tonnes) is<br />
disposed at landfills. The amount <strong>of</strong> residue waste was 320,595 tonnes/year <strong>in</strong> 2010.<br />
There are 7 oil recovery plants which are observed and presented on the website. These seven plants<br />
use plastic wastes from landfill excavation, and they are <strong>in</strong> Samutprakan, Hau-H<strong>in</strong>, Ubonrachathani,<br />
Rayong, Pitsanulok, Kh<strong>in</strong> Khaen, and Sa Kaeo prov<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>in</strong> <strong>Thailand</strong>.<br />
Accord<strong>in</strong>g to S<strong>in</strong>gle Po<strong>in</strong>t Energy Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g company (SPEE) report and the field observation,<br />
the amount <strong>of</strong> landfilled plastic waste feed<strong>in</strong>g is 6 tonnes/plant/day (PCD, 2010). Thus, the total<br />
amounts <strong>of</strong> landfilled plastic waste feed<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>Thailand</strong> are 15,330 tonnes/year.<br />
From the Hua-H<strong>in</strong> municipality presentation, 80% <strong>of</strong> crude oil will be produced from 100% <strong>of</strong><br />
plastic waste feed<strong>in</strong>g (PCD, 2010). The assumption is all oil recovery plants <strong>in</strong> the municipalities<br />
and private companies have the same production capacity.<br />
The total amounts <strong>of</strong> plastic waste feed<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to oil recovery plant are 22,630 tonnes/year (15,330<br />
tonnes/year from landfill excavation and 7,300 tonnes/year from municipal waste). Thus, the amount<br />
<strong>of</strong> crude oil generation is 18,104 tonnes/year.
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