Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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Table D-2 Details of calculation of the material flow of plastics in Thailand, 2010 (continued) No. Description 40 41 42 43 Off-gas from municipal incineration Residue waste from municipal incineration Landfilling (Thermosetting) Landfilling (Thermoplastic) Value (Tonnes/year) 29,694 7,423 7,628 679,040 44 Landfilling 686,668 199 Assumption and Calculation From the efficiency of municipal incineration at Phuket province, the amount of ash generation is 15%-20% of waste feeding (PCD, 2006). The assumption is 80% of plastic waste which is burnt in municipal incineration will become off-gas, so the amount of off-gas generation is 29,694 tonnes/year. From the efficiency of municipal incineration at Phuket province, the amount of ash generation is 15%-20% of waste feeding (PCD, 2006). The assumption is 20% of plastic waste which is burnt in municipal incineration will become ash, so the amount of ash generation is 7,423 tonnes/year. From the PCD report in 2010, 37% of municipal solid wastes were disposed at landfills. The assumption is 37% of thermosetting wastes is disposed at landfills (PCD, 2010). The amount of thermosetting wastes which is used to calculate is 20,616 tonnes/year, so the amount of waste disposal at landfill is 7,628 tonnes/year. From the PCD report in 2010, 37% of municipal solid wastes were disposed at landfills. The assumption is 37% of thermoplastic wastes is disposed at landfills (PCD, 2010). The amount of thermoplastic waste which is used to calculate is 1,835,242 tonnes/year because 2,041,032 tonnes/year of plastic waste is deducted by 205,790 tonnes/year of exported waste before calculation. Thus, the amount of thermoplastic waste disposal at landfill is 679,040 tonnes/year. The total landfilling wastes in MSW was calculated by: Total landfilling wastes = landfilling thermoplastic wastes + landfilling thermosetting wastes = 679,040 + 7,628 = 686,668 tonnes/year
Table D-2 Details of calculation of the material flow of plastics in Thailand, 2010 (continued) No. Description 45 46 Industrial incineration (cement) Off-gas from industrial incineration Value (Tonnes/year) 42,500 1,316,378 200 Assumption and Calculation From the Geocycle company presentation in 2012, this company prepare 100,000 tonnes/year of RDF for the two cement plants of Siam City Cement (SCC) company (GEOCYCLE, 2011). This amount of RDF is made from landfill excavation. From PCD report in 2010, there was 17% of plastic waste in the municipal solid wastes. Thus, the composition of plastic waste in RDF is 17,000 tonnes/two plants/year. According to the Department of Industrial Work (DIW) report in 2011, there were five cement plants in Thailand which use solid wastes as fuels. These five plants are from SCC, Siam Cement Group (SCG), and TPI Polene company. The assumption is 5 cement plants in Thailand use the landfilled waste as fuels. The one cement plant uses 8,500 tonnes/year of landfilled plastic waste, so the five cement plants will use 42,500 tonnes/year of landfilled plastic waste to feed in the industrial incineration. From the efficiency of municipal incineration at Phuket province, the amount of ash generation is 15%-20% of waste feeding (PCD, 2006). The assumption is 80% of plastic waste which is burnt in industrial incineration will become off-gas. The amount of off-gas generation in the industrial incineration was calculated by using the combination of industrial wastes and MSW for incineration before multiplying by this percentage. Thus, off-gas generation from industrial incineration = (42,500 + 1,602,973)*0.8 = 1,316,378 tonnes/year.
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Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
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Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
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List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
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4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
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PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
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Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
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4R principle includes recovery, rec
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Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
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2. Injection molding: First, the pl
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Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
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2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
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5. Housewares: This kind of product
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process usually involves two steps,
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Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
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product from gas into liquid. The p
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Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
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2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
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3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
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Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
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There are 0.25 million workers in r
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2. Collecting and recording the inf
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For example, if the stakeholder has
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(DENR). A pilot collection program
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3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
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3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
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Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
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Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
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questionnaires, interview, field ob
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From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
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Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
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12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
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From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
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Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
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Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
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Similarly, some recycling factories
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Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
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50% of agricultural products was co
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Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
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From Figure 4.26, the material flow
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future is the same as current situa
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From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
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The one issue of plastic waste segr
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Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
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From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
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sectors by the government organizat
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industrial waste incineration of ea
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4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
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of them. For example, one individua
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Local administrative bodies are als
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was presented, and the percentage o
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5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
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11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
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References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
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Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
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Plastic Waste Management Institute.
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Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
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Table A-1 Details of parameters and
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A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
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Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
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- What is the knowledge that the wa
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2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
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4. Environmental, law, policy, and
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B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
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B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
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3. Production process information a
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B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
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B.6 Checklists for waste collector
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2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
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This shop does not buy foam, plasti
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(a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
Page 157 and 158: c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
Page 159 and 160: matters/dust. This shop is a stable
Page 161 and 162: Washing and drying process are oper
Page 163 and 164: C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
Page 165 and 166: silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
Page 167 and 168: Residue wastes are produced about 1
Page 169 and 170: C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
Page 171 and 172: Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
Page 173 and 174: 3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
Page 175 and 176: Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
Page 177 and 178: Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
Page 179 and 180: networks. This project is not widel
Page 181 and 182: C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
Page 183 and 184: 4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
Page 185 and 186: 6. Environment issues and observati
Page 187 and 188: C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
Page 189 and 190: fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
Page 191 and 192: ates and desorption inside capillar
Page 193 and 194: Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
Page 195 and 196: Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
Page 197 and 198: D.2 Calculation of the material flo
Page 199 and 200: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
Page 207: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
Page 215 and 216: Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
Page 217 and 218: E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
Page 219 and 220: Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
Page 223 and 224: E.4 The estimation of imported and
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