Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Table D-2 Details of calculation of the material flow of plastics in Thailand, 2010 (continued) No. Description 23 24 25 26 Plastic waste generation in MSW Plastic waste generation in MSW (Thermosetting) Plastic waste generation in MSW (Thermoplastic) Uncollected MSW waste (Thermosetting) Value (Tonnes/year) 2,577,060 25,770 2,551,290 5,154 195 Assumption and Calculation The amount of plastic waste generation was calculated by using the percent composition of plastic wastes in MSW multiplying by total amount of MSW generation in Thailand. The amount of MSW generation was 15,159,180 tonnes/year in 2010 out of which 17% was the percentage of plastic wastes in MSW (PCD, 2010 and 2012). This amount of plastic waste generation is from municipal solid wastes which are collected by the municipality in Thailand. It does not include the industrial wastes. (Not present in the material flow) The amount of thermosetting wastes in MSW was estimated by setting the assumption. The assumption is 1% of total plastic waste generation in MSW is thermosetting waste generation. The calculation was done by using this percentage multiplying by the amount of total plastic waste generation in MSW, so 25,770 tonnes/year was thermosetting waste generation in 2010. (Not present in the material flow) The amount of thermoplastic wastes was generated in 2010. the amount of thermoplastic waste generation was calculated by using the following formula: Thermoplastic waste generation = Total Plastic Waste Generation – Thermo Setting Waste (Thermosetting) = 2,577,060-25,770 Thus, the amount of thermoplastic waste generation was 2,551,290 tonnes/year in 2010 (Not present in the material flow) The presentation of PCD in 2012 stated that 20% of MSW generation did not collected to dispose or treat. The assumption is 20% of thermosetting waste generation is not collected by municipality to dispose (PCD, 2012). The calculation by using this percentage multiplying by the amount of thermosetting waste generation was done, so the amount of uncollected thermosetting wastes in MSW was 5,154 tonnes/year. (Not present in the material flow)
Table D-2 Details of calculation of the material flow of plastics in Thailand, 2010 (continued) No. Description 27 28 29 30 31 32 Uncollected MSW waste (Thermoplastic) Uncollected MSW waste Collected plastic waste (Thermosetting) Collected plastic waste (Thermoplastic) Industrial plastic waste generation in other industries Industrial plastic waste for recycling (2) of the plastic consumption process Value (Tonnes/year) 510,258 515,412 20,616 2,041,032 915,875 77,500 196 Assumption and Calculation The presentation of PCD in 2012 stated that 20% of MSW generation did not collected to dispose or treat. The assumption is 20% of thermoplastic waste generation is not collected by municipality to dispose (PCD, 2012). The calculation by using this percentage multiplying by the amount of thermoplastic waste generation was done, so the amount of uncollected thermoplastic wastes in MSW was 5,154 tonnes/year. (Not present in the material flow) The total uncollected waste in MSW was calculated by: Total uncollected wastes = uncollected thermoplastic wastes + uncollected thermosetting wastes = 510,258 + 5154 = 515,412 tonnes/year The collected thermosetting wastes are calculated by following formula: Collected thermosetting wastes = Thermosetting waste generation - Uncollected thermosetting wastes = 25,770 - 5,154 = 60,616 tonnes/year The collected thermoplastic wastes are calculated by following formula: Collected thermoplastic wastes = Thermoplastic waste generation - Uncollected thermoplastic wastes = 2,551,290 - 510,258 = 2,041,032 tonnes/year The assumption is 50% of industrial plastic waste generation was generated in the plastic consumption process. The other industries generated plastic wastes after processing such as automobile industries, electrical and electronic industries, and food industries. The assumption is 50% of total industrial plastic waste for recycling of the plastic consumption process was sent to recycle in the recycling process
Page 1 and 2:
Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
Page 3 and 4:
Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
Page 5 and 6:
List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
Page 7 and 8:
4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
Page 9 and 10:
PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
Page 11 and 12:
Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
Page 13 and 14:
4R principle includes recovery, rec
Page 15 and 16:
Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
Page 17 and 18:
2. Injection molding: First, the pl
Page 19 and 20:
Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
Page 21 and 22:
2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
Page 23 and 24:
5. Housewares: This kind of product
Page 25 and 26:
process usually involves two steps,
Page 27 and 28:
Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
Page 29 and 30:
product from gas into liquid. The p
Page 31 and 32:
Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
Page 33 and 34:
2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
Page 35 and 36:
3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
Page 37 and 38:
Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
Page 39 and 40:
There are 0.25 million workers in r
Page 41 and 42:
2. Collecting and recording the inf
Page 43 and 44:
For example, if the stakeholder has
Page 45 and 46:
(DENR). A pilot collection program
Page 47 and 48:
3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
Page 49 and 50:
3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
Page 51 and 52:
Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
Page 53 and 54:
Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
Page 55 and 56:
questionnaires, interview, field ob
Page 57 and 58:
From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
Page 59 and 60:
Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
Page 61 and 62:
12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
Page 63 and 64:
From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
Page 65 and 66:
Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
Page 67 and 68:
Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
Page 69 and 70:
Similarly, some recycling factories
Page 71 and 72:
Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
Page 73 and 74:
50% of agricultural products was co
Page 75 and 76:
Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
Page 77 and 78:
From Figure 4.26, the material flow
Page 79 and 80:
future is the same as current situa
Page 81 and 82:
From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
Page 83 and 84:
The one issue of plastic waste segr
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
Page 91 and 92:
From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
Page 93 and 94:
sectors by the government organizat
Page 95 and 96:
industrial waste incineration of ea
Page 97 and 98:
4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
Page 99 and 100:
of them. For example, one individua
Page 101 and 102:
Local administrative bodies are als
Page 103 and 104:
was presented, and the percentage o
Page 105 and 106:
5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
Page 107 and 108:
11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
Page 109 and 110:
References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
Page 111 and 112:
Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
Page 113 and 114:
Plastic Waste Management Institute.
Page 115 and 116:
Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
Page 117 and 118:
Table A-1 Details of parameters and
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
Page 127 and 128:
Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
- What is the knowledge that the wa
Page 137 and 138:
2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
Page 139 and 140:
4. Environmental, law, policy, and
Page 141 and 142:
B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
Page 143 and 144:
B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
Page 145 and 146:
3. Production process information a
Page 147 and 148:
B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
Page 149 and 150:
B.6 Checklists for waste collector
Page 151 and 152:
2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
Page 153 and 154: This shop does not buy foam, plasti
Page 155 and 156: (a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
Page 157 and 158: c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
Page 159 and 160: matters/dust. This shop is a stable
Page 161 and 162: Washing and drying process are oper
Page 163 and 164: C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
Page 165 and 166: silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
Page 167 and 168: Residue wastes are produced about 1
Page 169 and 170: C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
Page 171 and 172: Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
Page 173 and 174: 3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
Page 175 and 176: Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
Page 177 and 178: Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
Page 179 and 180: networks. This project is not widel
Page 181 and 182: C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
Page 183 and 184: 4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
Page 185 and 186: 6. Environment issues and observati
Page 187 and 188: C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
Page 189 and 190: fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
Page 191 and 192: ates and desorption inside capillar
Page 193 and 194: Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
Page 195 and 196: Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
Page 197 and 198: D.2 Calculation of the material flo
Page 199 and 200: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
Page 203: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
Page 215 and 216: Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
Page 217 and 218: E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
Page 219 and 220: Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
Page 223 and 224: E.4 The estimation of imported and
show all

Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?