Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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Table D-2 Details of calculation of the material flow of plastics in Thailand, 2010 (continued) No. Description 15 16 17 18 Total reused (stocked) industrial plastic waste Reused (stocked) industrial plastic waste (1) of the manufacturing Total industrial plastic waste for landfilling Industrial plastic waste for landfilling (1) of industrial plastic waste Value (Tonnes/year) 67,070 33,535 6,707 3,354 193 Assumption and Calculation The amount of plastic wastes is reused in the manufacturing. According to Department of Industrial Works (2013), 4% of industrial plastic wastes is reused or stocked in the manufacturing. The calculation was done by using 4% of reused wastes multiplying by the amount of industrial waste generation (1,831,750 tonnes). Therefore, 67,070 tonnes/year of reused wastes was the stocked industrial wastes in the manufacturing process of material flow. The details of industrial plastic waste management in 2006-2010 are shown in Table D-3. The assumption is 50% of total industrial plastic waste for reuse (67,070 tonnes) of the manufacturing process was stocked in the manufacturing process The amount of industrial plastic wastes is disposed at landfills. According to Department of Industrial Works (2013), 0.4% of industrial plastic wastes is disposed in the landfill process of material flow. The amount of landfilling industrial wastes was calculated by using 0.4% of landfilling industrial wastes multiplying by the amount of industrial waste generation (1,831,750 tonnes). Therefore, 6,707 tonnes/year of landfilling industrial wastes was used to add into the material flow of plastics. The details of industrial plastic waste management in 2006-2010 are shown in Table D-3. The assumption is 50% of total industrial plastic waste for landfilling (6,707tonnes) of the manufacturing process was disposed at landfill
Table D-2 Details of calculation of the material flow of plastics in Thailand, 2010 (continued) No. Description 19 20 21 22 Total industrial plastic waste for industrial incineration Industrial plastic waste for industrial incineration (1) of the manufacturing Stock in plastic consumption Calculated stock in plastic consumption by STAN Value (Tonnes/year) 1,602,973 801,487 1,552,826 -6,6644 194 Assumption and Calculation The amount of industrial plastic wastes is burnt in the industrial incineration. According to Department of Industrial Works (2013), 90-95% of industrial plastic wastes is burnt in the industrial incineration and cement kiln. The assumption is 95.6% of industrial plastic waste (use as fuels) is burnt in industrial incineration to recovery energy. Using 95.6% of combusted industrial waste multiplying by the amount of industrial waste generation (1,831,750 tonnes) is the calculation method of this waste flow. Thus, 1,602,973 tonnes/year was shown in the material flow of plastics. The details of industrial plastic waste management in 2006-2010 are shown in Table D-3. The assumption is 50% of total industrial plastic waste for industrial incineration (1,602,973 tonnes) of the manufacturing process was burnt in the industrial incinerators. The amount of plastic products was stocked in industry was 24,981 tonnes in 2010. This amount was reported by the Office of Industrial Economics (OIE). The estimation of stocked products in consumption process was done and shown in Table D-1. The total stocked products was 1,527,845 tonnes in 2010. The summary of two stocked products was 1,552,826 tonnes in 2010. From, Stock = input of process - output of process Thus, Stock = (2,568,123 + 463,344 + 421,290 - 20,616 - 2,041,032-515,412-3,354-801,487- 77,500) =-6,644 tonnes/year This amount is minus because there was a domestic stock of plastic products in country. Industrial sector and Thai people may consume more amount of plastic products than amount of plastic productions.
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Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
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Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
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List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
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4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
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PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
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Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
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4R principle includes recovery, rec
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Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
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2. Injection molding: First, the pl
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Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
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2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
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5. Housewares: This kind of product
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process usually involves two steps,
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Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
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product from gas into liquid. The p
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Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
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2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
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3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
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Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
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There are 0.25 million workers in r
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2. Collecting and recording the inf
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For example, if the stakeholder has
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(DENR). A pilot collection program
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3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
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3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
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Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
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Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
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questionnaires, interview, field ob
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From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
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Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
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12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
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From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
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Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
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Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
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Similarly, some recycling factories
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Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
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50% of agricultural products was co
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Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
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From Figure 4.26, the material flow
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future is the same as current situa
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From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
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The one issue of plastic waste segr
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Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
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From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
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sectors by the government organizat
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industrial waste incineration of ea
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4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
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of them. For example, one individua
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Local administrative bodies are als
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was presented, and the percentage o
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5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
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11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
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References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
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Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
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Plastic Waste Management Institute.
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Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
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Table A-1 Details of parameters and
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A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
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Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
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- What is the knowledge that the wa
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2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
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4. Environmental, law, policy, and
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B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
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B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
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3. Production process information a
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B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
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B.6 Checklists for waste collector
Page 151 and 152: 2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
Page 153 and 154: This shop does not buy foam, plasti
Page 155 and 156: (a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
Page 157 and 158: c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
Page 159 and 160: matters/dust. This shop is a stable
Page 161 and 162: Washing and drying process are oper
Page 163 and 164: C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
Page 165 and 166: silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
Page 167 and 168: Residue wastes are produced about 1
Page 169 and 170: C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
Page 171 and 172: Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
Page 173 and 174: 3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
Page 175 and 176: Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
Page 177 and 178: Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
Page 179 and 180: networks. This project is not widel
Page 181 and 182: C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
Page 183 and 184: 4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
Page 185 and 186: 6. Environment issues and observati
Page 187 and 188: C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
Page 189 and 190: fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
Page 191 and 192: ates and desorption inside capillar
Page 193 and 194: Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
Page 195 and 196: Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
Page 197 and 198: D.2 Calculation of the material flo
Page 199 and 200: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
Page 201: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
Page 215 and 216: Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
Page 217 and 218: E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
Page 219 and 220: Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
Page 223 and 224: E.4 The estimation of imported and
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