Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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Table D-2 Details of calculation of the material flow of plastics in Thailand, 2010 (continued) No. Description 3 4 5 6 Raw material (Thermosetting) Raw material (Thermoplastic) Stock in manufacturing Calculated stock in manufacturing by STAN Value (Tonnes/year) 293,000 3,192,000 137,390 -76,799 189 Assumption and Calculation The amount of thermosetting pellet production was 251,000 tonnes in 2009 and 293,000 tonnes in 2010, respectively (PTIT, 2009 and 2011). The assumption is all thermosetting materials are used to produce thermosetting products in country. Thus, 293,000 tonnes of thermosetting materials was used in the material flow of plastics in Thailand. The amount of masterbatch which is used to produce plastic products. This available data is presented by PTIT in 2010. It shown the amount of thermoplastic pellet production, consumption, import, and export. 3,192,000 tonnes/year was the amount of thermoplastic pellet consumption, while the amount of thermoplastic pellet production was 4,822,000 tonnes/year in 2010 (PTIT, 2010). The amounts of imported and thermoplastic pellets were 716,000 and 2,384,000 tonnes/year respectively. In the material flow of plastics, 3,192,000 tonnes/year of thermoplastic pellet consumption was used as a raw material to produce thermoplastic products in the manufacturing. The amount of plastic pellet was stocked in country in 2010. This amount was reported by the Office of Industrial Economics (OIE). The annual statistic of Thai industry are available in the website (OIE, 2013). From, Stock = input of process - output of process Thus, Stock = (716,00+293,00+221,827+3,192,000+363,259-949,077-2,568,123-463,344-3,354- 77,500-801,487) = 76,799 tonnes/year This stock is minus because there was a domestic stock of plastic pellets in country in 2010. The products were generated from recent materials and stocked materials.
Table D-2 Details of calculation of the material flow of plastics in Thailand, 2010 (continued) No. Description 7 8 Imported Product Exported product Value (Tonnes/year) 421,290 949,077 190 Assumption and Calculation The amount of imported product means that amounts of plastic products which are imported from other countries. The amounts of imported products are presented in three sources of data such as the Custom Department, the Plastic Intelligence Unit website (PIU) and the Office of Industrial Economics (OIE). It can be searched on the website by use the specific code of plastic product (HS-Code). The range of plastic code is 3916-3926. This amount of imported products does not include the amount of electrical and electronic devices and automotive parts because these plastics are imported with the electrical and electronic industry and automotive industry. The amount of imported products (772,409.08 tonnes) was not the pure plastic products in 2010, but it includes the plastic containing products e.g., backpack, wallets, helmet, umbrella, linoleum, ballpoint pen, lighter, tape/CD, tampon, etc. HS-code of these imported products is not only 3916-3926. Therefore, 421,290 tonnes (pure plastic products) was used as the imported product flow in the material flow of plastics in Thailand. The assumption is this amount includes only thermoplastic products (Custom Department, 2013). The amount of exported product means that amounts of plastic products which are exported to other countries. This number is shown in the Custom Department and Plastic Intelligence Unit Website. The amounts of exported products are presented in three sources of data such as the Custom Department, the Plastic Intelligence Unit website (PIU) and the Office of Industrial Economics (OIE). It can be searched on the website by use the specific code of plastic product (HS-Code). The range of plastic code is 3916-3926.
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Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
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Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
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List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
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4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
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PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
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Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
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4R principle includes recovery, rec
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Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
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2. Injection molding: First, the pl
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Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
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2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
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5. Housewares: This kind of product
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process usually involves two steps,
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Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
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product from gas into liquid. The p
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Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
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2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
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3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
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Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
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There are 0.25 million workers in r
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2. Collecting and recording the inf
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For example, if the stakeholder has
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(DENR). A pilot collection program
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3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
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3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
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Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
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Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
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questionnaires, interview, field ob
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From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
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Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
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12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
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From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
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Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
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Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
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Similarly, some recycling factories
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Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
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50% of agricultural products was co
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Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
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From Figure 4.26, the material flow
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future is the same as current situa
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From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
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The one issue of plastic waste segr
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Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
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From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
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sectors by the government organizat
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industrial waste incineration of ea
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4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
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of them. For example, one individua
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Local administrative bodies are als
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was presented, and the percentage o
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5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
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11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
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References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
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Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
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Plastic Waste Management Institute.
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Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
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Table A-1 Details of parameters and
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A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
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Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
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- What is the knowledge that the wa
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2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
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4. Environmental, law, policy, and
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B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
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B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
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3. Production process information a
Page 147 and 148: B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
Page 149 and 150: B.6 Checklists for waste collector
Page 151 and 152: 2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
Page 153 and 154: This shop does not buy foam, plasti
Page 155 and 156: (a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
Page 157 and 158: c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
Page 159 and 160: matters/dust. This shop is a stable
Page 161 and 162: Washing and drying process are oper
Page 163 and 164: C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
Page 165 and 166: silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
Page 167 and 168: Residue wastes are produced about 1
Page 169 and 170: C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
Page 171 and 172: Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
Page 173 and 174: 3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
Page 175 and 176: Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
Page 177 and 178: Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
Page 179 and 180: networks. This project is not widel
Page 181 and 182: C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
Page 183 and 184: 4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
Page 185 and 186: 6. Environment issues and observati
Page 187 and 188: C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
Page 189 and 190: fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
Page 191 and 192: ates and desorption inside capillar
Page 193 and 194: Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
Page 195 and 196: Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
Page 197: D.2 Calculation of the material flo
Page 201 and 202: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
Page 215 and 216: Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
Page 217 and 218: E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
Page 219 and 220: Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
Page 223 and 224: E.4 The estimation of imported and
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