Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste generation from each kind of plastic product of the sub-process of plastic consumption process (continued) No. Description Value (Tonnes/year) 34 Construction & Furniture flow 552,441 187 Assumption and Calculation 16% of construction and furniture plastic compared to all plastic products (PTIT, 2010) 35 Stock of construction 524,819 Stock = input of process - output of process 36 Construction & Furniture plastic waste 27,622 Assumed 5% of construction and furniture plastic became wastes in 2010 37 Automobile flow 241,693 7% of automobile plastic compared to all plastic products (PTIT, 2010) 38 Stock of automobile 229,608 Stock = input of process - output of process 39 Automobile plastic waste 12,085 Assumed 5% of automobile plastic became wastes in 2010 40 MSW plastic waste (Thermoplastic) 2,041,032 41 MSW plastic waste (Thermosetting) 20,616 42 Uncollected MSW plastic waste 515,412 43 Industrial plastic waste (1) 882,340 Percent composition of plastic wastes in MSW was 17%. Total MSW in 2010 was 15.16 million tonnes (PCD, 2010). (Not present in the material flow). This amount was calculated by using total plastic waste generation deducted by thermosetting waste generation Assumed that 1% of total plastic waste generation was thermosetting waste generation in 2010 (Not present in the material flow) 20% of waste generation was not collected to dispose in 2010 (PCD, 2012). (Not present in the material flow) Amount of industrial plastic waste generation in the plastic manufacturing (Not present in the material flow) 44 Industrial plastic waste (2) 882,340 Amount of industrial plastic waste generation in the other industries (Not present in the material flow) 45 Recycled product 363,259 86% of recycled product generation from material recycling 46 Stock in manufacturing -76,798.55 Stock = input of process - output of process 47 Stock in collection and transportation -1,534,489 Stock = input of process - output of process
D.2 Calculation of the material flow of plastics in Thailand, 2010 Table D-2 Details of calculation of the material flow of plastics in Thailand, 2010 No. Description 1 2 Imported pellet (Thermoplastic) Imported pellet (Thermosetting) Value (Tonnes/year) 716,000 221,827 188 Assumption and Calculation The amount of imported pellet which is used to produce plastic products in the plastic manufacturing. The amount of imported pellets was presented in the Custom Department website and PTIT presentation (Custom Department, 2013 and PTIT, 2010). The HS-code for imported and exported plastic pellets is in range of 3901-3914. The thermoplastic pellet was 716,000 tonnes of imported pellet in 2010 (PTIT presentation, 2010), while the thermoplastic pellet was 577,727 tonnes of imported pellet in 2010 (Custom Department, 2013). The HS-code for thermoplastic pellets is in range of 3901-3908. However, the PTIT presentation only presented the amount of thermoplastic pellets, but it did not present the amount of thermosetting pellets. 716,000 tonnes/year of thermoplastic materials was shown in the material flow because this amount is recorded by the petrochemical industry which has a responsibility on petrochemical products. While, Custom Department records the imported and exported statistic based on HS-codes which give unclear definition on each type of imported and exported product. Thermosetting plastic includes epoxy, polyester, phenolic (e.g., phenol-formaldehyde, ureaformaldehyde, and melamine-formaldehyde), alkyd, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyimide, polyurethane, and silicone. The amount of thermosetting pellets was 221,827 tonnes of imported pellets in 2010 (Custom Department, 2013), and HS-code of thermosetting pellet is 3907, 3909, and 3910.
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Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
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Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
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List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
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4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
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PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
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Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
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4R principle includes recovery, rec
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Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
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2. Injection molding: First, the pl
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Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
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2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
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5. Housewares: This kind of product
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process usually involves two steps,
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Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
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product from gas into liquid. The p
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Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
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2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
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3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
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Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
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There are 0.25 million workers in r
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2. Collecting and recording the inf
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For example, if the stakeholder has
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(DENR). A pilot collection program
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3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
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3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
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Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
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Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
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questionnaires, interview, field ob
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From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
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Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
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12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
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From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
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Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
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Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
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Similarly, some recycling factories
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Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
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50% of agricultural products was co
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Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
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From Figure 4.26, the material flow
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future is the same as current situa
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From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
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The one issue of plastic waste segr
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Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
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From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
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sectors by the government organizat
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industrial waste incineration of ea
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4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
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of them. For example, one individua
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Local administrative bodies are als
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was presented, and the percentage o
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5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
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11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
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References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
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Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
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Plastic Waste Management Institute.
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Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
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Table A-1 Details of parameters and
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A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
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Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
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- What is the knowledge that the wa
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2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
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4. Environmental, law, policy, and
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B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
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B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
Page 145 and 146: 3. Production process information a
Page 147 and 148: B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
Page 149 and 150: B.6 Checklists for waste collector
Page 151 and 152: 2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
Page 153 and 154: This shop does not buy foam, plasti
Page 155 and 156: (a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
Page 157 and 158: c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
Page 159 and 160: matters/dust. This shop is a stable
Page 161 and 162: Washing and drying process are oper
Page 163 and 164: C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
Page 165 and 166: silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
Page 167 and 168: Residue wastes are produced about 1
Page 169 and 170: C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
Page 171 and 172: Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
Page 173 and 174: 3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
Page 175 and 176: Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
Page 177 and 178: Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
Page 179 and 180: networks. This project is not widel
Page 181 and 182: C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
Page 183 and 184: 4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
Page 185 and 186: 6. Environment issues and observati
Page 187 and 188: C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
Page 189 and 190: fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
Page 191 and 192: ates and desorption inside capillar
Page 193 and 194: Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
Page 195: Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
Page 199 and 200: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
Page 215 and 216: Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
Page 217 and 218: E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
Page 219 and 220: Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
Page 223 and 224: E.4 The estimation of imported and
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