Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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Bio-diesel Esterification 181 Figure C-60 Liquid-Chromatography inside the laboratory section Esterification from fatty acids is achieved by using a Supercritical process. The reactor conditions make esterification possible without using catalyst (NaOH, KOH etc.) Fluidized Bed Dryer Figure C-61 Supercritical Bio-diesel reactor There is a fluidized bed dryer to prepare dried biomass for activated carbon processing. This machine will dry biomass before feeding into the rotary kiln reactor that is used to produce activated carbons. The system is capable of processing 50 tonnes/day Rotary Kiln Figure C-62 Fluidized Bed dryer and Centrifugal fan (Green) in front for air supply This Rotary kiln is used to produce activated carbon. The system is fed with steam and charcoal originating from Pyrolysis of biomass. The operational temperature lies around 800 – 1,000° C and the Rotary kiln is slowly turned during operation to increase reaction
ates and desorption inside capillaries of the carbon structures through agitation. While the charcoal is conveyed and agitated by a screw-lead inside the 10 m reactor, the rotation moves the material forward. Sorting Technologies 182 Figure C-63 Rotary kiln There are a number of automated sorting units that split Refuse or re-excavated Refuse into a biological-, Plastic- and Fe-Fraction. At the start of the line manual separation is possible. Next, an overhead magnet is installed above the conveying belt which removes the ferrous fraction. Then, light fractions (plastics) are sorted by the air separation machine, and this machine can remove these fractions by air nozzles from the refuse stream. The stream now contains a high biological fraction (food wastes) which next undergoes a density separation (water separation) to remove the last remaining plastic from the biomass fraction. The resulting plastic stream is fed into the Pyrolysis unit, while the biological fraction is fed into the biogas unit. Attached to the sorting line are vents for smell pollution during operation, the collected air is led through a Bio-Filter consisting out of cylinders filled with ligneous biomass, soil and manure that accommodates microbial cultures which provide the purifying effect. Figure C-64 Conveyor belt with Overhead magnet Figure C-65 Bio-Filter, air enters from the bottom
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Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
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Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
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List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
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4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
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PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
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Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
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4R principle includes recovery, rec
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Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
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2. Injection molding: First, the pl
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Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
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2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
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5. Housewares: This kind of product
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process usually involves two steps,
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Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
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product from gas into liquid. The p
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Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
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2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
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3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
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Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
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There are 0.25 million workers in r
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2. Collecting and recording the inf
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For example, if the stakeholder has
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(DENR). A pilot collection program
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3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
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3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
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Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
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Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
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questionnaires, interview, field ob
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From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
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Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
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12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
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From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
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Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
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Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
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Similarly, some recycling factories
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Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
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50% of agricultural products was co
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Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
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From Figure 4.26, the material flow
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future is the same as current situa
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From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
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The one issue of plastic waste segr
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Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
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From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
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sectors by the government organizat
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industrial waste incineration of ea
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4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
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of them. For example, one individua
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Local administrative bodies are als
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was presented, and the percentage o
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5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
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11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
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References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
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Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
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Plastic Waste Management Institute.
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Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
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Table A-1 Details of parameters and
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A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
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Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
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- What is the knowledge that the wa
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2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
Page 139 and 140: 4. Environmental, law, policy, and
Page 141 and 142: B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
Page 143 and 144: B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
Page 145 and 146: 3. Production process information a
Page 147 and 148: B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
Page 149 and 150: B.6 Checklists for waste collector
Page 151 and 152: 2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
Page 153 and 154: This shop does not buy foam, plasti
Page 155 and 156: (a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
Page 157 and 158: c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
Page 159 and 160: matters/dust. This shop is a stable
Page 161 and 162: Washing and drying process are oper
Page 163 and 164: C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
Page 165 and 166: silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
Page 167 and 168: Residue wastes are produced about 1
Page 169 and 170: C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
Page 171 and 172: Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
Page 173 and 174: 3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
Page 175 and 176: Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
Page 177 and 178: Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
Page 179 and 180: networks. This project is not widel
Page 181 and 182: C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
Page 183 and 184: 4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
Page 185 and 186: 6. Environment issues and observati
Page 187 and 188: C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
Page 189: fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
Page 193 and 194: Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
Page 195 and 196: Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
Page 197 and 198: D.2 Calculation of the material flo
Page 199 and 200: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
Page 215 and 216: Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
Page 217 and 218: E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
Page 219 and 220: Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
Page 223 and 224: E.4 The estimation of imported and
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Table E-9 Details of each flow of s
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