Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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Profit for membership Direct: The center purchases recyclable wastes, the members in a reasonable price, and also provides welfares such as a financial aid both on transportation to a hospital and on funeral to members and relatives, stock divined, and an interest from member’s recyclable sale. Indirect: The members learn the method for planning, managing and systematical working with a center’s policy creating the unity of the group. Moreover, the members get an acceptance and earn trust from the public and institutions such as education institutions which agree on both to trade and exchange recyclable wastes with Saleng group. Benefit of the Zero Baht Shop Social benefits: People in the community can join and learn about this business, and they gain knowledge and skill from training. People improve harmony in the community because they build integrated farming and use those products together. There are the job opportunities for interesting people such as the owner of shop, inventor, waste picker, and lecturer. This community has many poor people, so this shop provides the base facilities that are necessary for their being such as welfare, life insurance, and consuming products. Economic benefits: This shop helps to complete the chain of recycle business because the owner must contact related sectors to sell and buy recyclable wastes. The recycle business includes waste collectors (people/waste pickers), small waste shop, bigger waste shop, and recycler (manufacturing). The recycle manufactures can use recyclables waste as raw materials, so they spend money less than using only virgin raw materials. This profit also helps to reduce using resources, especially petroleum and threes. In addition, the government will spend less money for waste management if there is the high percentage of recycling. Environmental benefits: the amounts of wastes will reduce if there are many Zero Baht Shops in Thailand because recyclable wastes are sold to this shop more and more. The agent of TIPSE said that this shop helps to reduce 300 kg/week of wastes which are disposed to landfills. This project is promoted to people in order to separate and collect recyclable wastes at sources because it helps to decrease amounts of disposed wastes and reduce waste management costs. Barrier faced This business requires the participation of people and community to improve the sustainable business. The Zero Baht Shop at On Nut 14 Rai Community is very successful because this community is the waste picker community. There are 70 households of waste pickers compared to 140 households of all houses in the community. Therefore, this shop always has a lot of wastes and can promote this business in this community. While, other communities that do not have waste shops/waste pickers and participated people are not successful with this business because people do not exchange recyclable wastes with products. The Zero Baht Shop is not expanded rapidly because this business will succeed when there is the public participation. The network of waste shops/waste pickers/waste recyclers are also important for this business, especially information sharing between 169
networks. This project is not widely known in Thailand, so the promotion/advertising of the project is necessary for shop expansion and making more profits. Future expansion There are three Zero Baht Shops at three different places in Thailand such as On Nut district and Din Daeng district, BMA and Nan province. The shops at Din Daeng district and Nan province were the waste banks of community before. There are some shops in Thailand that are operated as same as the Zero Baht Shop, but they do not use the same name because they may not pay for name license or do not have an allowance from TIPMSE. The agent of TIPMSE said that the future expansion of this shop depends on interest of people and public participation in the project. There are many organizations which learn about this business from the Zero Baht Shop at On Nut, so there will be more than three shops in Thailand in the future. 4. Policy and laws Tax law: this law forces persons or organizations that make a profit to register with Revenue Department in order to control taxation of shops, companies, organizations, factories, and others. Therefore, this shop must be registered followed by tax law in order to prevent paying back tax. The officer establishes that the owner of the Zero Baht Shop does not pay tax for the shop. License law: TIPMSE registers the name “Zero Baht Shop” as a license of TIPMSE. Thus, people who want to use this name must pay money and get an allowance from TIPMSE before starting the business. Criminal law: this shop must be allowed to open by registration at the police station. This shop must only open at 8.00 m.-5.00 pm. This shop does not buy stolen goods from sellers because it is unlawful. The policeman can inspect the shop every time. For waste pickers, they must register their name and ID number at the police station followed by this law to get an allowance to pick up wastes from BMA bins. They can pick up wastes at 7.00-10.00 am., 4.00-6.00 pm., and 8.00 pm.-12.00 am. 5. Stakeholders/Related organizations/Contact persons There are many related organizations that play the different role on the project as following: 1. Thailand Institute of Packaging and Recycling Management for Sustainable Environment (TIPMSE): The TIPMSE supports a center’s post, a jacket, a member identification card, and license plate for Saleng tricycle for the unity including tools needed in the profession such as gloves, a surgical mask, a reflector and weight apparatus. The TIPMSE trains and advises the center management, and it supports fundamental regulations training and knowledge on hazardous materials for Saleng members. It helps waste pickers to register their status at police station, and it also register the waste shop from the Pauper Bank to Zero Baht Shop. It makes the name “Zero Baht Shop” as a license of TIPMSE. It does not support money for this shop, but it contacted wastes buyers and set the middle prices of wastes for the shop. 170
Page 1 and 2:
Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
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Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
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List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
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4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
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PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
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Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
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4R principle includes recovery, rec
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Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
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2. Injection molding: First, the pl
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Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
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2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
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5. Housewares: This kind of product
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process usually involves two steps,
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Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
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product from gas into liquid. The p
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Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
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2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
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3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
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Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
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There are 0.25 million workers in r
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2. Collecting and recording the inf
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For example, if the stakeholder has
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(DENR). A pilot collection program
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3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
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3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
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Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
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Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
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questionnaires, interview, field ob
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From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
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Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
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12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
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From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
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Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
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Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
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Similarly, some recycling factories
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Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
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50% of agricultural products was co
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Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
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From Figure 4.26, the material flow
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future is the same as current situa
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From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
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The one issue of plastic waste segr
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Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
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From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
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sectors by the government organizat
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industrial waste incineration of ea
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4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
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of them. For example, one individua
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Local administrative bodies are als
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was presented, and the percentage o
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5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
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11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
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References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
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Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
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Plastic Waste Management Institute.
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Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
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Table A-1 Details of parameters and
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A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
Page 127 and 128: Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
Page 135 and 136: - What is the knowledge that the wa
Page 137 and 138: 2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
Page 139 and 140: 4. Environmental, law, policy, and
Page 141 and 142: B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
Page 143 and 144: B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
Page 145 and 146: 3. Production process information a
Page 147 and 148: B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
Page 149 and 150: B.6 Checklists for waste collector
Page 151 and 152: 2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
Page 153 and 154: This shop does not buy foam, plasti
Page 155 and 156: (a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
Page 157 and 158: c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
Page 159 and 160: matters/dust. This shop is a stable
Page 161 and 162: Washing and drying process are oper
Page 163 and 164: C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
Page 165 and 166: silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
Page 167 and 168: Residue wastes are produced about 1
Page 169 and 170: C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
Page 171 and 172: Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
Page 173 and 174: 3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
Page 175 and 176: Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
Page 177: Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
Page 181 and 182: C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
Page 183 and 184: 4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
Page 185 and 186: 6. Environment issues and observati
Page 187 and 188: C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
Page 189 and 190: fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
Page 191 and 192: ates and desorption inside capillar
Page 193 and 194: Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
Page 195 and 196: Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
Page 197 and 198: D.2 Calculation of the material flo
Page 199 and 200: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
Page 215 and 216: Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
Page 217 and 218: E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
Page 219 and 220: Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
Page 223 and 224: E.4 The estimation of imported and
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Table E-7 Details of each flow of s
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