Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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Waste pickers, people, and children sell waste or exchange their wastes with products in the Zero Baht shop. Waste pickers in community usually exchange their wastes to get their insurances, needed goods, and deposits, while other waste pickers from outsides always sell their wastes to get money. Children usually bring their paper/books to exchange with snacks or juices. This shop sometimes exchanges their products with money because outside people do not know the system of shop. The owner always sells stored wastes of this shop to bigger waste shops such as Wongpanit (all types of wastes), Kongpongkit, and Nokpanit (PET bottle and plastics). She also sells wastes to factory nearby shop (Sukhaphiban 2 Road) that recycles wastes to products again e.g., Paper factory, Green Board Ltd., Co. (recycle milk/juice cartons), and Glass factory. The owner sets the middle rate of waste exchange which establishes the costs of wastes, types of wastes, and characteristics of wastes (separate waste into each type of waste). Table C-7 shows the middle costs and types of wastes which are bought in this shop. Table C-7 Middle price of wastes and types of bought wastes No. Types of wastes Baht/kg 1 Aluminum 30 2 Steel 3 3 Zinc 5 4 Milk/juice cartons (clean; cut and washed) 3 5 Milk/juice cartons (unclean) Do not buy (only collect) 6 Paper (Black and white ink) 5 7 Newspaper 3 8 Cartons 3 9 Mixed papers 2.5 10 PET bottle 15 11 HDPE bottle 15 12 Mixed plastics 5 13 Clear glass bottle 1 14 Color glass bottle 1 15 Bear bottles with cartonne (Baht/cartons) 10 Source: TIPMSE (contact: 02-7246263) Figure C-22 Aluminium caps of energy drink 161 Figure C-23 Bear bottles with cartons
Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 Milk/juice cartons (clean) Figure C-28 PET bottles 162 Figure C-25 Cartons Figure C-27 Aluminum cans Figure C-29 Fruit wastes (make cleaning solution) From above Figures, sold wastes are separated by sellers to increase values of wastes before selling. For example, aluminum caps are separated out from energy drink bottles which are a glass. Plastic bottles and their caps are sorted out because they are made from the different types of plastic materials. Some sellers may cut, wash, and dry milk/juice cartons before exchange because they can get money from cleaned wastes. Workers sometimes collect labels, foam, foil, paper, and other which are the wastes from separation process, and then they sell those wastes to the cement factory for burning as a fuel. Fruit wastes which are collected from fruit shops are used to produce the cleaning solution. Food wastes from household are used to feed animals (e.g., pig) and make composting for the sufficient economic project. Moreover, there are not pretreatment processes in that shop, but labors only compact wastes by their power to reduce size of wastes and required areas for waste transportation. This shop has a board of waste prices in front of the shop, and there are small labels nearby products to show the prices of products in the shop. Figure C-30 and C-31 show the waste cost
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Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
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Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
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List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
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4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
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PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
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Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
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4R principle includes recovery, rec
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Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
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2. Injection molding: First, the pl
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Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
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2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
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5. Housewares: This kind of product
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process usually involves two steps,
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Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
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product from gas into liquid. The p
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Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
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2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
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3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
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Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
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There are 0.25 million workers in r
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2. Collecting and recording the inf
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For example, if the stakeholder has
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(DENR). A pilot collection program
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3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
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3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
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Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
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Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
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questionnaires, interview, field ob
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From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
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Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
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12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
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From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
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Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
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Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
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Similarly, some recycling factories
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Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
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50% of agricultural products was co
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Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
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From Figure 4.26, the material flow
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future is the same as current situa
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From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
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The one issue of plastic waste segr
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Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
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From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
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sectors by the government organizat
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industrial waste incineration of ea
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4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
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of them. For example, one individua
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Local administrative bodies are als
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was presented, and the percentage o
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5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
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11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
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References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
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Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
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Plastic Waste Management Institute.
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Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
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Table A-1 Details of parameters and
Page 119 and 120: Table A-2 Details of parameters and
Page 125 and 126: A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
Page 127 and 128: Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
Page 135 and 136: - What is the knowledge that the wa
Page 137 and 138: 2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
Page 139 and 140: 4. Environmental, law, policy, and
Page 141 and 142: B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
Page 143 and 144: B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
Page 145 and 146: 3. Production process information a
Page 147 and 148: B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
Page 149 and 150: B.6 Checklists for waste collector
Page 151 and 152: 2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
Page 153 and 154: This shop does not buy foam, plasti
Page 155 and 156: (a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
Page 157 and 158: c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
Page 159 and 160: matters/dust. This shop is a stable
Page 161 and 162: Washing and drying process are oper
Page 163 and 164: C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
Page 165 and 166: silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
Page 167 and 168: Residue wastes are produced about 1
Page 169: C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
Page 173 and 174: 3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
Page 175 and 176: Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
Page 177 and 178: Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
Page 179 and 180: networks. This project is not widel
Page 181 and 182: C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
Page 183 and 184: 4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
Page 185 and 186: 6. Environment issues and observati
Page 187 and 188: C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
Page 189 and 190: fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
Page 191 and 192: ates and desorption inside capillar
Page 193 and 194: Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
Page 195 and 196: Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
Page 197 and 198: D.2 Calculation of the material flo
Page 199 and 200: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
Page 215 and 216: Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
Page 217 and 218: E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
Page 219 and 220: Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
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Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
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E.4 The estimation of imported and
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Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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