Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

increasing this capacity is necessary to make more profit for this business. This business helps to increase space areas of landfills, but it requires a number of pretreatments which increase the investment and operational costs of this project. This business also helps to decrease the costs for land, construction, management, and operation for new landfill site. This project is done by the municipality, so it is not done as profit-business. Municipality cannot build a distillation unit like a petroleum plant to increase oil selling costs because crude oil now is sold as heavy fuel oil with low profit. A distillation unit can produce diesel, benzene, naphtha, and others, so the municipality could earn more money from these oils. Nowadays, many companies in Thailand can produce pyrolysis machines and sell them to factories and municipalities. Although it is easy to find machines, it is difficult to find raw materials. This business will not be effective if the owner cannot find large amounts of plastic bags to feed into the reactor. Thus, clean and sufficient plastic bags are necessary for this business. 4. Environmental and safety aspects The residue waste from pyrolysis reactor is not disposed rightly. It is only dumped next to the factory (see Figure 5-d). This waste has bad odor, and it still emits vapor because it is just removed from the reactor which is operated at high temperature. The feeding step is done in bad operation because laborers cannot close the feeding door before the reactor door opens, so bad odor will be released to their working area. This odor is not emitted to the environment or people because this landfill is far from residential areas, and there are many buffers nearby the landfill such as trees and mountains. Residue gases are not treated by air pollution control devices, but they are only burnt before released into the atmosphere. There is not any air pollution monitoring system following the environmental law. In addition, labors do not wear adequate personal protection equipment such as gloves, uniforms, boots, masks, etc., only a simple fabric respirator. Furthermore, they execute physical labor in unfavorable body positions. There is a high chance of accidents and long-term consequences to their health. There is not any insurance and welfare provided for workers. 159
C.3 Case study from zero baht shop 1. General Information Location: 19 Soi. 15-Sukhaphiban 2 Yaek 2-22, TogMai sub-district, Prawet district, 10250 Shop area: 320 square meters (shop area and waste store) and 368 square meters (vegetable garden and library) Start date: 12 years ago (since 2001) Workers: 7-8 labors (all of them are Thai) Head and partner of the project: 1. Prerathorn Saeneewong (Head of the project) 2. Boarin Saeneewong (Shop Manager/owner) 3. Somporn Ngowlim (Board of the project) At the first time, this shop was built and operated by some people in On Nut 14 Rai Community that is the “Waste Picker Community” (Thailand calls that Saleng Community). The head of the project said that this is a poor community, and people earn a few moneys from their jobs (waste pickers). Therefore, the “Pauper Bank” was set and operated for poor people in the community for seven years. The main objective of this bank is to help poor people in order to have base facilities for their being. The activities of this bank include waste and good exchange, waste bank, insurance, and waste shop. After that, Thailand Institute of Packaging and Recycling Management for Sustainable Environment (TIPMSE) found this community and want to promote this bank because it is the available method to manage solid waste in Thailand. Thus, TIPMSE give the new name of this bank from the Pauper Bank to the Zero Baht Shop”, and the new name is wildly known in Thailand and others (Japan). Nowadays, the Zero Baht Shop is a license of TIPMSE, and the interesting people must be considered by TIPMSE before use this name. Figure C-20 Pauper Bank 2. Business Information 160 Figure C-21 Zero Baht Shop This shop requires 6,000-7,000 Baht of capital cost to start this project. The owner must spend 45 Baht/month of land rental. She also has one light truck and three mini weighting scales. For the operation cost, she pays 2,000 Bah/month of water supply and 3,000 Baht/month of electricity. The transportation cost is around 2,000 Baht/day. In addition, the total revenue of this ship is 30,000-40,000 Baht/day, and the total expense of the shop is 10,000 Baht/day.
Page 1 and 2:
Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
Page 3 and 4:
Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
Page 5 and 6:
List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
Page 7 and 8:
4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
Page 9 and 10:
PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
Page 11 and 12:
Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
Page 13 and 14:
4R principle includes recovery, rec
Page 15 and 16:
Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
Page 17 and 18:
2. Injection molding: First, the pl
Page 19 and 20:
Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
Page 21 and 22:
2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
Page 23 and 24:
5. Housewares: This kind of product
Page 25 and 26:
process usually involves two steps,
Page 27 and 28:
Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
Page 29 and 30:
product from gas into liquid. The p
Page 31 and 32:
Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
Page 33 and 34:
2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
Page 35 and 36:
3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
Page 37 and 38:
Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
Page 39 and 40:
There are 0.25 million workers in r
Page 41 and 42:
2. Collecting and recording the inf
Page 43 and 44:
For example, if the stakeholder has
Page 45 and 46:
(DENR). A pilot collection program
Page 47 and 48:
3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
Page 49 and 50:
3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
Page 51 and 52:
Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
Page 53 and 54:
Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
Page 55 and 56:
questionnaires, interview, field ob
Page 57 and 58:
From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
Page 59 and 60:
Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
Page 61 and 62:
12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
Page 63 and 64:
From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
Page 65 and 66:
Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
Page 67 and 68:
Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
Page 69 and 70:
Similarly, some recycling factories
Page 71 and 72:
Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
Page 73 and 74:
50% of agricultural products was co
Page 75 and 76:
Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
Page 77 and 78:
From Figure 4.26, the material flow
Page 79 and 80:
future is the same as current situa
Page 81 and 82:
From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
Page 83 and 84:
The one issue of plastic waste segr
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
Page 91 and 92:
From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
Page 93 and 94:
sectors by the government organizat
Page 95 and 96:
industrial waste incineration of ea
Page 97 and 98:
4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
Page 99 and 100:
of them. For example, one individua
Page 101 and 102:
Local administrative bodies are als
Page 103 and 104:
was presented, and the percentage o
Page 105 and 106:
5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
Page 107 and 108:
11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
Page 109 and 110:
References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
Page 111 and 112:
Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
Page 113 and 114:
Plastic Waste Management Institute.
Page 115 and 116:
Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
Page 117 and 118: Table A-1 Details of parameters and
Page 125 and 126: A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
Page 127 and 128: Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
Page 135 and 136: - What is the knowledge that the wa
Page 137 and 138: 2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
Page 139 and 140: 4. Environmental, law, policy, and
Page 141 and 142: B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
Page 143 and 144: B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
Page 145 and 146: 3. Production process information a
Page 147 and 148: B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
Page 149 and 150: B.6 Checklists for waste collector
Page 151 and 152: 2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
Page 153 and 154: This shop does not buy foam, plasti
Page 155 and 156: (a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
Page 157 and 158: c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
Page 159 and 160: matters/dust. This shop is a stable
Page 161 and 162: Washing and drying process are oper
Page 163 and 164: C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
Page 165 and 166: silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
Page 167: Residue wastes are produced about 1
Page 171 and 172: Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
Page 173 and 174: 3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
Page 175 and 176: Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
Page 177 and 178: Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
Page 179 and 180: networks. This project is not widel
Page 181 and 182: C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
Page 183 and 184: 4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
Page 185 and 186: 6. Environment issues and observati
Page 187 and 188: C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
Page 189 and 190: fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
Page 191 and 192: ates and desorption inside capillar
Page 193 and 194: Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
Page 195 and 196: Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
Page 197 and 198: D.2 Calculation of the material flo
Page 199 and 200: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
Page 215 and 216: Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
Page 217 and 218: E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
Page 219 and 220:
Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
E.4 The estimation of imported and
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
show all

Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?