Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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1.2 Plastic Recycling This shop find and collet plastic bags from municipal bins, and then owner cut and wash plastic bags by manual and washing machine. An owner collects two types of all color plastic bags such as PE and PP (see in Figure C-10). An owner separates these plastics by sound when she grips. She said that PE has high-pitched and louder than PP. These plastic bags are divided into two colors such as clear and black color, and all colored plastic bags are called black color including red, green, blue, etc. this shop sells 100-200 kg/day of all plastic bags. Table C-5 shows selling prices of plastic bags. (a) Color PP bags Table C-5 Selling prices of plastic bags Types of plastic bags Selling price (Baht/kg) PE (clear color) 19 PE (all colors) 12 PP (clear color) 15 PP 12 (b) PP bags (clear (d) Color HDPE bags (black color) color) Figure C-10 Plastic bags 151 (c) HDPE bags (clear color) There is many pretreatments to treat plastic bags before selling to factory such as cutting, washing and drying. Plastic bags are cut by manual cutting, and a tool is a knife which is used to destroy seam of plastic bags. Plastic bags will be unclean if they have some contaminants on seam of bags. Figure C-11 presents show cutting plastic bags to prepare plastic bags before washing process. Figure C-11 Cutting process
Washing and drying process are operated by washing machine that an owner called “Look Salad”. An owner built this machine by himself for 4 years ago, and the construction cost of this machine is 42,000 Baht. This machine can wash and dry 100 kg/time of plastic bags, but the best treatment of this machine is 80 kg/time of plastic bags (including water weight) or 60 kg/time of plastic bags (excluding water). Normally, this machine is operated 3 time/ day, and each round spends 2-3 hours. The power of motor of machine is 11 HP, and this motor requires 150 Baht/day of diesel. This shop can treat 50-200 kg/day of plastic bags by this machine, and clean plastic bags are packed in sacks by owner. There is not the strictly standard of plastic cleaning because an owner only looks and decides that plastics are clean, and factory will tell this shop if plastic bags are not clean. Figure C-12 shows washing and drying machine, and treated plastic bags and packing process are shown in Figure C-13. (a) Washing and drying machine (b) Motor of machine Figure C-12 Washing and drying machine (a) Treated plastic bags (b) Compacting process Figure C-13 Treated plastic bags and compacting process 1.3 Business Information The owner started this business in the last 25 years because she heard that plastic bags can be sold, and it easy to start. The investment cost of this shop is 100,000 Baht. The profit of this business is 500 Baht/100 kg of plastic bags. In the last fifteen years, an owner transported treated wastes to Supanburi province because there is not any plastic recycling factory nearby this shop. Plastic bags now are sold to plastic recycling factory at Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province by middle dealers who buy and transport plastic bags from this shop. Scavengers from landfills sometimes employ this shop to wash and clean plastic bags, and they pay around 10,000 Baht/1,000 kg of plastic bags. The owner said that this business is very costly because they do not pay a lot of money for investment and operation. A washing machine is cheap and gives very clean plastic bags. A factory satisfies the quality of plastic bags after washing, and it is confident that this shop can control the quality of plastic bags. An owner said that plastic bags will be sent to 152
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Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
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Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
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List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
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4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
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PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
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Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
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4R principle includes recovery, rec
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Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
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2. Injection molding: First, the pl
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Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
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2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
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5. Housewares: This kind of product
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process usually involves two steps,
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Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
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product from gas into liquid. The p
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Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
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2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
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3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
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Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
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There are 0.25 million workers in r
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2. Collecting and recording the inf
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For example, if the stakeholder has
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(DENR). A pilot collection program
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3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
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3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
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Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
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Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
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questionnaires, interview, field ob
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From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
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Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
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12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
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From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
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Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
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Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
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Similarly, some recycling factories
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Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
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50% of agricultural products was co
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Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
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From Figure 4.26, the material flow
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future is the same as current situa
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From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
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The one issue of plastic waste segr
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Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
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From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
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sectors by the government organizat
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industrial waste incineration of ea
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4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
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of them. For example, one individua
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Local administrative bodies are als
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was presented, and the percentage o
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5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
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11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
Page 109 and 110: References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
Page 111 and 112: Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
Page 113 and 114: Plastic Waste Management Institute.
Page 115 and 116: Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
Page 117 and 118: Table A-1 Details of parameters and
Page 125 and 126: A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
Page 127 and 128: Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
Page 135 and 136: - What is the knowledge that the wa
Page 137 and 138: 2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
Page 139 and 140: 4. Environmental, law, policy, and
Page 141 and 142: B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
Page 143 and 144: B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
Page 145 and 146: 3. Production process information a
Page 147 and 148: B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
Page 149 and 150: B.6 Checklists for waste collector
Page 151 and 152: 2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
Page 153 and 154: This shop does not buy foam, plasti
Page 155 and 156: (a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
Page 157 and 158: c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
Page 159: matters/dust. This shop is a stable
Page 163 and 164: C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
Page 165 and 166: silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
Page 167 and 168: Residue wastes are produced about 1
Page 169 and 170: C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
Page 171 and 172: Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
Page 173 and 174: 3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
Page 175 and 176: Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
Page 177 and 178: Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
Page 179 and 180: networks. This project is not widel
Page 181 and 182: C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
Page 183 and 184: 4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
Page 185 and 186: 6. Environment issues and observati
Page 187 and 188: C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
Page 189 and 190: fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
Page 191 and 192: ates and desorption inside capillar
Page 193 and 194: Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
Page 195 and 196: Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
Page 197 and 198: D.2 Calculation of the material flo
Page 199 and 200: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
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Table D-2 Details of calculation of
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Table D-2 Details of calculation of
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Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
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E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
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Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
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E.4 The estimation of imported and
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