Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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1.3 Business Information The investment cost of this shop was 500,000 Baht. A profit of this business is 250,000- 300,000 Baht/month. Customers of this shop are middle dealers who contact this shop to sell after auction at factories and buy each type of plastics in order to produce products depending on demand of recycling factories. Some of plastics are sold to injection molding factories. Moreover, Chinese businessman buys plastics to recycling factories in China, so this shop exports 10 tonnes/month of plastic pellets. One container can be contained 27 tonnes of plastics, and plastics are always exported on Saturday. Table C-4 presents lists and costs of investment, equipment, and operation for this waste shop. Table C-4 Lists and costs of investment, equipment, and operation - Investment - Equipment -Operation List Cost Land Owner Building 1,000,000 Baht Cars/trucks 14-17 million Baht (2 light trucks) Weighting scale 15,000-40,000 Baht Bale box - Sorting machine - Washing machine - Shredding machine 600,000 Baht (4 machines) Water supply 350 Baht/month Electricity 15,000 Baht/month Employment 350 Baht/person/day (140,000 Baht/month) Welfare for labor - Insurance 2,000 Baht/year (AIA) Transportation 16,000-24,000 Baht/month (2,000 Baht/time) Tax and regulation 3,000 Baht/year for registration 6,000 Baht/year for taxation 5,000 Baht/year for municipality The owner said that the competition of waste recycling is very high, and less experience people may be deceived easier than expert person. There are many waste shops, middle dealers, and factories related to plastic recycling. She lose money when she stock cheap plastic wastes after flooding, but selling prices are cheaper than buying prices. The middle prices at China are unsteady, so this affects this shop directly because most of low quality plastics or mixed plastic wastes can be sold to factories in China. An owner plans to increase areas of shop and shredding machines in order to expand this business and get more profits. 1.4 Environmental, Law/Policy, and Health Aspects Environmental aspects There are four shredding machines, and they are operated at the same time. Therefore, noise is occurred from these machines including air pollutants such as particulate 149
matters/dust. This shop is a stable building. There are roof cover storage and shredding areas, cement floor and walls, and iron structures. Sound level may be decreased from these structures. Dust flows in building, but some of it may flow to outside. Plastic wastes are set orderly and stored plastics by considering types of plastics. Law and policy aspects This shop is a formal waste shop. It is good to register this business because an owner pays money for tax less than back taxes. Moreover, foreigner labors should register with Thai government followed by labor law. The owner knows “3R policy” as well because she pass training projects from municipal officers like “Green Waste Shop”. She agrees with plastic bag banning policy, and she also agrees to increase using recycle products because she may gain a lot of money. She does not agree with department store/shop policy if she must pay money to buy plastic bags when they go to shopping. Health aspects Labors sometimes set accident from transportation, so an owner provides accident insurances for them. An owner also provides personal protection equipment for her labors such as gloves, safety boots, and masks. For health insurance, labors also have hospital insurance like 30 Baht of medical care for all therapies. 3. Pa Whee Shop 1.1 General Information Address: Moo.2 Klong Luang Pathum Thani, Thailand Area: 200 sq. meters Income: 1,000-2,000 Baht/month Period: 1988-2012 (25 years) Amounts of labor: no labors Description: this shop collects, wash and clean all plastic bags from municipal bins. Figure C-9 Pa Whee Shop 150
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Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
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Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
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List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
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4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
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PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
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Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
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4R principle includes recovery, rec
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Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
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2. Injection molding: First, the pl
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Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
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2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
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5. Housewares: This kind of product
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process usually involves two steps,
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Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
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product from gas into liquid. The p
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Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
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2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
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3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
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Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
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There are 0.25 million workers in r
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2. Collecting and recording the inf
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For example, if the stakeholder has
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(DENR). A pilot collection program
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3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
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3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
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Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
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Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
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questionnaires, interview, field ob
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From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
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Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
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12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
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From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
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Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
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Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
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Similarly, some recycling factories
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Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
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50% of agricultural products was co
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Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
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From Figure 4.26, the material flow
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future is the same as current situa
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From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
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The one issue of plastic waste segr
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Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
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From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
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sectors by the government organizat
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industrial waste incineration of ea
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4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
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of them. For example, one individua
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Local administrative bodies are als
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was presented, and the percentage o
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5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
Page 107 and 108: 11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
Page 109 and 110: References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
Page 111 and 112: Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
Page 113 and 114: Plastic Waste Management Institute.
Page 115 and 116: Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
Page 117 and 118: Table A-1 Details of parameters and
Page 125 and 126: A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
Page 127 and 128: Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
Page 135 and 136: - What is the knowledge that the wa
Page 137 and 138: 2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
Page 139 and 140: 4. Environmental, law, policy, and
Page 141 and 142: B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
Page 143 and 144: B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
Page 145 and 146: 3. Production process information a
Page 147 and 148: B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
Page 149 and 150: B.6 Checklists for waste collector
Page 151 and 152: 2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
Page 153 and 154: This shop does not buy foam, plasti
Page 155 and 156: (a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
Page 157: c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
Page 161 and 162: Washing and drying process are oper
Page 163 and 164: C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
Page 165 and 166: silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
Page 167 and 168: Residue wastes are produced about 1
Page 169 and 170: C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
Page 171 and 172: Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
Page 173 and 174: 3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
Page 175 and 176: Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
Page 177 and 178: Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
Page 179 and 180: networks. This project is not widel
Page 181 and 182: C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
Page 183 and 184: 4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
Page 185 and 186: 6. Environment issues and observati
Page 187 and 188: C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
Page 189 and 190: fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
Page 191 and 192: ates and desorption inside capillar
Page 193 and 194: Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
Page 195 and 196: Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
Page 197 and 198: D.2 Calculation of the material flo
Page 199 and 200: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
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Table D-2 Details of calculation of
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Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
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E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
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Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
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E.4 The estimation of imported and
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