Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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Table C-2: Lists and costs of investment, equipment, and operation (continued) -Operation List Cost Water supply 400 Baht/month Electricity 1,500 Baht/month Employment 300 Baht/person/day (18,000 Baht/month) Welfare for labor - Insurance - Transportation 500 Baht/day (15,000 Baht/month) Tax and regulation 10,000 Baht/year for registration 2,000 Baht/year for taxation The owner promotes his shop by advertising through billboards, and he also contact and buy plastic wastes from his patrons. For instance, he will get sauce gallons from restaurants. He can collect only 800-1,000 kg of plastic wastes before selling, and his contacted factory is not strict to get the constant amounts of wastes. So, he can sell 500 kg or more wastes per round depending on his collection efficiency. (a) Shredding machine (b) Light truck Figure C-3 Equipment in waste shop 145 (c) Digital weight In last seven year, the owner can develop his business to gain more profit because people and dealers know his shop widely. At the first time, people known only PET which can be sold, but they now know that other plastics are also sold to waste shops. Thus, plastic wastes become the hot issue for waste recycling. In the next five or ten years, an owner may cancel his business because he will be older and his child will not continue this business. He also loses after flooding due to damaged machines. Moreover, an owner has a debt and lack of money to operate this shop forward. 1.4 Environmental, Law/Policy, and Health Aspects Environmental aspects Wastes which cannot be sold are dumped beside shops, and some bought wastes are not collected and set orderly, especially color plastics (e.g., red green gray, etc.). Figure C-4 shows wastes are not suitably disposed and collected. There are not wastewater, noise, noise, and dust because pretreatment is not operated after flooding.
(a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undisposed wastes Figure C-4 Non-stored PET bottles and undisposed wastes after flooding Law and policy aspects This shop is registered with municipality, so there are not problems from taxation law. The owner also known that waste shops should open from 8.00 am. to 5.00 pm. because a law ban to buy wastes/something at night. The owner known “3R policy” from municipal training through “Green Waste Shop Project”. From this project, he should concern on occupational health, clean of shop, and environmental impacts. In his opinion, he agrees with banning plastic bag if there are other things which are better, and he also agrees to increase more waste collection charges and using alternative plastics (bio-plastics, recycled plastics, etc.). He does not agree with charging carrier bag from department stores/shops because he does not want to pay more although plastic bags are cheap. Health aspects An owner does not provide personal protection equipment for his labors, so labors should prepare protection tools by themselves. Labors do not pass the annual health check from hospital. They sometimes get accidents, and an owner also takes them to hospital. 2. Suwandee Recycle Shop 1.1 General Information Address: 66/1 Moo.2 Klong Luang Pathum Thani, Thailand Area: 1,600 sq. meters Income: 2,000,000 Baht/month Period: 2003-2012 (10 years) Amounts of labor: 13 persons Description: this shop buys and collects plastic wastes and metals from factories.
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Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
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Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
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List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
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4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
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PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
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Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
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4R principle includes recovery, rec
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Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
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2. Injection molding: First, the pl
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Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
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2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
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5. Housewares: This kind of product
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process usually involves two steps,
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Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
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product from gas into liquid. The p
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Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
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2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
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3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
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Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
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There are 0.25 million workers in r
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2. Collecting and recording the inf
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For example, if the stakeholder has
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(DENR). A pilot collection program
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3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
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3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
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Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
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Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
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questionnaires, interview, field ob
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From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
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Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
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12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
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From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
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Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
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Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
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Similarly, some recycling factories
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Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
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50% of agricultural products was co
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Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
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From Figure 4.26, the material flow
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future is the same as current situa
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From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
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The one issue of plastic waste segr
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Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
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From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
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sectors by the government organizat
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industrial waste incineration of ea
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4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
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of them. For example, one individua
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Local administrative bodies are als
Page 103 and 104: was presented, and the percentage o
Page 105 and 106: 5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
Page 107 and 108: 11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
Page 109 and 110: References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
Page 111 and 112: Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
Page 113 and 114: Plastic Waste Management Institute.
Page 115 and 116: Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
Page 117 and 118: Table A-1 Details of parameters and
Page 125 and 126: A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
Page 127 and 128: Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
Page 135 and 136: - What is the knowledge that the wa
Page 137 and 138: 2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
Page 139 and 140: 4. Environmental, law, policy, and
Page 141 and 142: B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
Page 143 and 144: B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
Page 145 and 146: 3. Production process information a
Page 147 and 148: B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
Page 149 and 150: B.6 Checklists for waste collector
Page 151 and 152: 2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
Page 153: This shop does not buy foam, plasti
Page 157 and 158: c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
Page 159 and 160: matters/dust. This shop is a stable
Page 161 and 162: Washing and drying process are oper
Page 163 and 164: C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
Page 165 and 166: silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
Page 167 and 168: Residue wastes are produced about 1
Page 169 and 170: C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
Page 171 and 172: Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
Page 173 and 174: 3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
Page 175 and 176: Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
Page 177 and 178: Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
Page 179 and 180: networks. This project is not widel
Page 181 and 182: C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
Page 183 and 184: 4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
Page 185 and 186: 6. Environment issues and observati
Page 187 and 188: C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
Page 189 and 190: fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
Page 191 and 192: ates and desorption inside capillar
Page 193 and 194: Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
Page 195 and 196: Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
Page 197 and 198: D.2 Calculation of the material flo
Page 199 and 200: Table D-2 Details of calculation of
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Table D-2 Details of calculation of
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Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
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E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
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Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
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E.4 The estimation of imported and
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