Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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Recycling The input of this process is plastic wastes from collection transportation processes and the imported wastes from other countries. Recycled products and residue waste are produced after processing. Figure A-8 Recycling process Table A-8 Detail of parameters and calculation method for recycling process Parameter Calculation R See the details in Table A-3 IW The amount of imported plastic waste means that amounts of plastic wastes which are imported from other countries. The assumption is thermosetting wastes are not imported from other countries. This number was shown in the Custom Department. It was searched on the website by use the specific code of plastic wastes (HS-code). The HS-code of plastic waste is 3915. Table A-10 in Appendix A presents the details of HS-code of plastic pellet, product and waste. RW 2 See the details in Table A-5 RP See the details in Table A-1 Stock 5 The amount of stock means that amounts of collected plastic wastes and recycled products are stocked in the recycling factory. This amount was calculated automatically by STAN software. Open environment This process includes undisposed wastes which are inputted into the open environment, and then undisposed wastes are stocked in the environment for long time. Figure A-9 Open environment process Table A-9 Details of parameters and calculation method for open environment process Parameter Calculation CUC and CUD See the details in Table A-3 Stock 4 The amount of stock 4 means that amounts of uncollected and undisposed plastic wastes are expanded and stocked in the environment. This amount was calculated automatically by STAN software. 115
A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A-10 Details of HS-code of plastic pellet, product and waste HS-code Details 3901 Plastic resins: Polyethylene (PE) 3902 Plastic resins: Polypropylene (PP) 3903 Plastic resins: Polystyrene (PS) 3904 Plastic resins: Polyvinylchloride (PVC) 3905 Plastic resins: Vinyl polymer 3906 Acrylic polymer and Carbonate polymer 3907 Plastic resins: Epoxy resins, Polycarbonate (PC), Poly-lactic acid (PLA) 3908 Plastic resins: Polyamide (PA-6/Nylon) 3909 Plastic resins: Phenolic resins, and Polyurethane (PU) 3910 Silicone 3911 Plastic resins: Other petroleum resins 3912 Plasticized , Nitrocellulose, and Sodium carboxymethylcellulose 3913 Sodium alginate 3914 Other polymers (Iron-Exchange) 3915 Plastic wastes 3916 Plastic products: Monofilament of plastics 3917 Plastic products: Tubes, pipes and hoses, and fittings therefor (for example, joints, elbows, flanges), of plastics 3918 Plastic products: Floor coverings of plastics, whether or not self-adhesive, in rolls or in the form of tiles; wall or ceiling coverings of plastics 3919 Plastic products: Self-adhesive plates, sheets, film, foil, tape, strip and other flat shapes, of plastics, whether or not in rolls 3920 Plastic products: Other plates, sheets, film, foil and strip, of plastics, noncellular and not reinforced, laminated, supported or similarly combined with other materials 3921 Plastic products: Other plates, sheets, film, foil and strip, of plastics. 3922 Plastic products: Baths, shower-baths, wash-basins, bidets, lavatory pans, seats and cover, flushing cisterns and similar sanitary ware, of plastics. 3923 Plastic products: Articles for the conveyance or packing of goods, of plastics; stoppers, lids, caps and other closures, of plastics 3924 Plastic products: Tableware, kitchenware, other household articles and toilet articles, of plastics 3925 Plastic products: Builders' ware of plastics, not elsewhere specified or included. 3926 Plastic products: Other articles of plastics and articles of other materials of headings Nos. 3901 to 3914. Source: The Custom Department (2013), Thailand 116
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Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
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Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
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List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
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4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
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PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
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Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
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4R principle includes recovery, rec
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Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
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2. Injection molding: First, the pl
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Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
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2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
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5. Housewares: This kind of product
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process usually involves two steps,
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Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
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product from gas into liquid. The p
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Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
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2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
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3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
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Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
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There are 0.25 million workers in r
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2. Collecting and recording the inf
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For example, if the stakeholder has
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(DENR). A pilot collection program
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3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
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3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
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Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
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Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
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questionnaires, interview, field ob
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From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
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Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
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12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
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From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
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Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
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Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
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Similarly, some recycling factories
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Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
Page 73 and 74: 50% of agricultural products was co
Page 75 and 76: Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
Page 77 and 78: From Figure 4.26, the material flow
Page 79 and 80: future is the same as current situa
Page 81 and 82: From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
Page 83 and 84: The one issue of plastic waste segr
Page 85 and 86: Figure 4.30 Material flow of plasti
Page 87 and 88: Figure 4.31 Material flow of plasti
Page 89 and 90: Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
Page 91 and 92: From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
Page 93 and 94: sectors by the government organizat
Page 95 and 96: industrial waste incineration of ea
Page 97 and 98: 4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
Page 99 and 100: of them. For example, one individua
Page 101 and 102: Local administrative bodies are als
Page 103 and 104: was presented, and the percentage o
Page 105 and 106: 5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
Page 107 and 108: 11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
Page 109 and 110: References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
Page 111 and 112: Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
Page 113 and 114: Plastic Waste Management Institute.
Page 115 and 116: Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
Page 117 and 118: Table A-1 Details of parameters and
Page 123: Table A-6 Details of parameters and
Page 127 and 128: Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
Page 135 and 136: - What is the knowledge that the wa
Page 137 and 138: 2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
Page 139 and 140: 4. Environmental, law, policy, and
Page 141 and 142: B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
Page 143 and 144: B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
Page 145 and 146: 3. Production process information a
Page 147 and 148: B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
Page 149 and 150: B.6 Checklists for waste collector
Page 151 and 152: 2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
Page 153 and 154: This shop does not buy foam, plasti
Page 155 and 156: (a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
Page 157 and 158: c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
Page 159 and 160: matters/dust. This shop is a stable
Page 161 and 162: Washing and drying process are oper
Page 163 and 164: C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
Page 165 and 166: silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
Page 167 and 168: Residue wastes are produced about 1
Page 169 and 170: C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
Page 171 and 172: Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
Page 173 and 174: 3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
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Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
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Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
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networks. This project is not widel
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C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
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4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
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6. Environment issues and observati
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C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
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fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
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ates and desorption inside capillar
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Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
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Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
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D.2 Calculation of the material flo
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Table D-2 Details of calculation of
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Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
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E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
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Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
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E.4 The estimation of imported and
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