Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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Appendix A MFA Data Analysis, Harmonized System Code, Stakeholder Table and Interest Grid A-1: MFA Data Analysis Manufacturing This process consists of raw materials (materbatch), imported pellets, and recycled products which are inputted to this process. Plastic products are also produced from the plastic manufacturing. Figure A-1 Manufacturing process Table A-1 Details of parameters and calculation method for manufacturing process Parameter Calculation RMP The amount of thermoplastic masterbatch which is used to produce plastic products. Thermoplastic pellets consist of PET, HDPE, LDPE, PP, PS/EPS, ABS/SAN, and others. This available data was presented in PTIT report. This report showed the amount of pellet production, consumption, import, and export in Thailand. In the material flow of plastic, the amount of plastic pellet consumption was used as a raw material to input in the manufacturing RMS The amount of thermosetting masterbatch which is used to produce plastic products. Thermosetting plastic pellets include epoxy resin, polyester resin, phenolic resin (e.g., phenol-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde, and melamine-formaldehyde), alkyd resin, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyimide resin, polyurethane resin, and silicone. This available data was presented in PTIT report. This report showed the amount of pellet production in the petrochemical industry in Thailand, 2009 and 2011. In the material flow of plastic, the amount of thermosetting pellet generation from petrochemical factories was used as a raw material to input in the manufacturing IMP The amount of imported thermoplastic pellets which is used to produce plastic products in the plastic manufacturing. The available data were shown from two sources such as the Custom Department and Petroleum Institute of Thailand (PTIT). The amount of imported thermoplastic pellet means that amount of thermoplastic pellet which is imported from other countries. The number was shown in the Custom Department website. It was searched on the website by use the specific code of plastic pellets (HS-Code). The HS-code of thermoplastic pellets is in range of 3901-3908 and 3911-3914. Table A-10 in Appendix A presents the details of HS-code of plastic pellet, product and waste. 107
Table A-1 Details of parameters and calculation method for manufacturing process (continued) Parameter Calculation IMS The amount of imported thermosetting pellets which is used to produce plastic products in the plastic manufacturing. The available data were shown in the Custom Department website. The amount of imported thermosetting pellets means that amount of thermosetting pellet which is imported from other countries. The number was shown in the Custom Department website. It was searched on the website by use the specific code of plastic pellets (HS-Code). The HS-code of thermosetting pellets is in range of 3907, 3909 and 3910. Table A-10 in Appendix A presents the details of HS-code of plastic pellet, product and waste. RP The recycled product means that plastic wastes from collection and transportation process are recycled into plastic pellets (pelletizing) because most plastic products are produced from plastic pellets. There are two ways to calculate the amount of recycled product. First, the amount of recycled product was calculated by using the percentage of recycled pellet generation from recycling factory multiplying by the total amounts of waste for recycling which are recorded and presented by PCD. The second is using of the average amounts of recycled product generation per factory multiplying by the amount of recycling factory in Thailand. PP The amount of thermoplastic product in 2010 generation was reported by PTIT. The amount of thermoplastic product generation was calculated by using the percentage of production capacity multiplying by the amount of raw material (thermoplastic) inputted or using the actual amount of thermoplastic product which was produced in 2010. PS The amount of thermosetting product in 2010 generation was reported by PTIT. The amount of thermosetting product generation was calculated by using the percentage of production capacity multiplying by the amount of raw material (thermosetting) inputted or using the actual amount of thermosetting product which was produced in 2010. EP The amount of exported product means that amounts of plastic products which are exported to other countries. The amount of exported products was assumed to exclude the amount of thermosetting products, and this amount of exported products does not include the amount of electrical and electronic devices and automotive parts because these plastics are exported with the electrical and electronic industry and automotive industry. This number was shown in the Custom Department and Plastic Intelligence Unit Website. It was searched on the website by use the specific code of plastic product (HS-Code). The range of plastic code is in range of 3916-3926. These HS-codes are only pure plastic products which do not contain other materials such as metal, glass, and paper. Table A-10 in Appendix A presents the details of HS-code of plastic pellet, product and waste. IPW1 The amount of plastic wastes from industries. This amount is from the residues of trimming process and damaged products from the plastic industry. The amount of industrial plastic waste generation is presented in PCD report. The assumption is 50% of industrial plastic waste generation. Stock 1 The amount of stock 1 means that amounts of plastic pellets and products are stocked in the manufacturing. This amount was calculated automatically by STAN software. Plastic Consumption This process includes plastic products and imported products which are inputted to process, and there are also exported products and plastic wastes which are the output of process. 108
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Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
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Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
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List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
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4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
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PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
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Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
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4R principle includes recovery, rec
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Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
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2. Injection molding: First, the pl
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Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
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2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
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5. Housewares: This kind of product
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process usually involves two steps,
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Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
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product from gas into liquid. The p
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Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
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2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
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3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
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Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
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There are 0.25 million workers in r
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2. Collecting and recording the inf
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For example, if the stakeholder has
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(DENR). A pilot collection program
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3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
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3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
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Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
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Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
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questionnaires, interview, field ob
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From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
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Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
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12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
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From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
Page 65 and 66: Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
Page 69 and 70: Similarly, some recycling factories
Page 71 and 72: Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
Page 73 and 74: 50% of agricultural products was co
Page 75 and 76: Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
Page 77 and 78: From Figure 4.26, the material flow
Page 79 and 80: future is the same as current situa
Page 81 and 82: From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
Page 83 and 84: The one issue of plastic waste segr
Page 89 and 90: Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
Page 91 and 92: From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
Page 93 and 94: sectors by the government organizat
Page 95 and 96: industrial waste incineration of ea
Page 97 and 98: 4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
Page 99 and 100: of them. For example, one individua
Page 101 and 102: Local administrative bodies are als
Page 103 and 104: was presented, and the percentage o
Page 105 and 106: 5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
Page 107 and 108: 11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
Page 109 and 110: References BBC News. (2008). Plasti
Page 111 and 112: Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
Page 113 and 114: Plastic Waste Management Institute.
Page 115: Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
Page 119 and 120: Table A-2 Details of parameters and
Page 125 and 126: A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
Page 127 and 128: Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
Page 135 and 136: - What is the knowledge that the wa
Page 137 and 138: 2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
Page 139 and 140: 4. Environmental, law, policy, and
Page 141 and 142: B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
Page 143 and 144: B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
Page 145 and 146: 3. Production process information a
Page 147 and 148: B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
Page 149 and 150: B.6 Checklists for waste collector
Page 151 and 152: 2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
Page 153 and 154: This shop does not buy foam, plasti
Page 155 and 156: (a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
Page 157 and 158: c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
Page 159 and 160: matters/dust. This shop is a stable
Page 161 and 162: Washing and drying process are oper
Page 163 and 164: C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
Page 165 and 166: silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
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Residue wastes are produced about 1
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C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
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Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
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3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
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Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
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Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
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networks. This project is not widel
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C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
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4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
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6. Environment issues and observati
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C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
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fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
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ates and desorption inside capillar
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Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
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Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
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D.2 Calculation of the material flo
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Table D-2 Details of calculation of
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Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
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E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
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Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
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E.4 The estimation of imported and
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