Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

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other clean technologies for waste recycling, thus providing climate co-benefits of plastic waste management through Clean Development Mechanism and/or other carbon credit measures. 2. The material flow analysis depends on various assumptions, as not every data is readily available. In such case, it is beneficial to cross-check the MFA by the plastic waste management experts for attaining maximum accuracy. 3. Further studies should be extended to other areas of plastic waste management, as in the study on environmental issues and occupational health aspect of plastic waste management (especially from recycling activities). Detailed cost-benefit analysis of each of the proposed scenarios is useful in understanding and convincing the private business sector as well as the government authorities to implement the best scenario at ground level. Due to lack of secondary data on many components of plastic waste management activities, it is advisable to conduct a demonstration study, with the intention of first-hand data collection, and its extrapolation at country level. This can add accuracy, reliability of the flow and stock assessment, as well as developing much more realistic future scenarios. 99
References BBC News. (2008). Plastic bag bans around the world. Retrieved February 14, 2013, from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12097605 Best In Packaging. (2013). Plastic Production Process: Laminate. Retrieved March 9, 2013, from: http://bestinpackaging.com/packaging-dictionary/f Bogucka, R. and Brunner, P. H. (2007). Evaluation of plastic flows and their management in Austria and Poland: Challenges and possibilities (Part 2). Retrieved February 15, 2013, from: http://s3.amazonaws.com/zanran_storage/www.iwa.tuwien.ac. at/ContentPages/2472352945.pdf Bogucka, R., Brunner, P. H. and Kosinska, I. (2008). Setting priorities in plastic waste management: lessons learned from material flow analysis in Austria and Poland. Polimery, 1 (53). 55-59. Boonyaraks. T. (2009). Behaviors and attitudes of consumers in Bangkok metropolitan and suburban areas upon the reduction of plastic bags in retail stores. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand Brunner, P. H. and Rechberger, H. (2005). Practical Handbook of Material Flow Analysis. New York: USA: LEWIS Publishers. ISBN: 1-5667-0604-1 BUSINESS TEACHER. (2013). SWOT Analysis. Retrieved February 13, 2013, from: http://www.businessteacher.org.uk/business-operations/swot-analysis.php Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology (CIPET). (2013). Plastic Industries-Statistic. Retrieved February 20, 2013, from: http://cipet.gov.in/ plastics_statics.html Chanchampee P. (2010). Methods for Evaluation of Waste Management in Thailand in Consideration of Policy,Environmental Impact and Economics. (Doctoral dissertation, Prozesswissenschaften der Technischen Universität, 2010). Berlin: Prozesswissenschaften der Technischen Universität. China Daily. (2009). One year after plastic bag ban, how is China doing? China Daily. Retrieved February 14, 2013, from: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/ business/2009-05/26/content_7944466.htm Custom Department. (2013). Import-Export Statistics. Retrieved March 25, 2013, from: http://internet1.customs.go.th/ext/Statistic/StatisticIndex2550.jsp CUSTOMPART.NET. (2013). Plastic Production Process: Thermoforming. Retrieved March 9, 2013, from: http://www.custompartnet.com/wu/thermoforming Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE). (2013). Thai Renewable and Alternative Energy Development Plan for 2012-2021. Retrieved February 20, 2013, from: http://www.dede.go.th/dede/images/stories/dede_aedp _2012_2021.pdf 100
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Evaluation of Plastic Waste Managem
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Abstract Rapid increase in the usag
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List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
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4.7 Percentage of municipal solid w
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PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate PIT
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Plastic wastes are mostly recycled
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4R principle includes recovery, rec
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Table 2.2 Codes, characteristics of
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2. Injection molding: First, the pl
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Vacuum forming: A vacuum is formed
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2.2.3 Uses of plastic Figure 2.11 C
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5. Housewares: This kind of product
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process usually involves two steps,
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Refuse Derived Fuel in Thailand The
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product from gas into liquid. The p
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Figure 2.24 Coke oven chemical feed
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2.3.3.2 Re-melted to make products
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3. Chapter 7 on penalties It should
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Adjust system Problem Definition Sy
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There are 0.25 million workers in r
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2. Collecting and recording the inf
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For example, if the stakeholder has
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(DENR). A pilot collection program
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3.2 Study Area Seven provinces name
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3.3 Sample Size The sample groups w
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Figure 3.4 Initial flow of plastic
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Table 3.1 Details of Needed Informa
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questionnaires, interview, field ob
Page 57 and 58: From Table 3.2, the stakeholders we
Page 59 and 60: Institute Foundation (FPRI) made a
Page 61 and 62: 12%, 10%, and 7% respectively. The
Page 63 and 64: From Figure 4.5, this figure shows
Page 65 and 66: Plastic 17% Paper 8% Metal 2% Glass
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4.9 BMA waste collectors Fig
Page 69 and 70: Similarly, some recycling factories
Page 71 and 72: Figure 4.21 Material flow of plasti
Page 73 and 74: 50% of agricultural products was co
Page 75 and 76: Figure 4.25 Recycling and plastic t
Page 77 and 78: From Figure 4.26, the material flow
Page 79 and 80: future is the same as current situa
Page 81 and 82: From Figure 4.28, total plastic pel
Page 83 and 84: The one issue of plastic waste segr
Page 89 and 90: Most municipal plastic wastes (37%)
Page 91 and 92: From Figure 4.33, the revenue from
Page 93 and 94: sectors by the government organizat
Page 95 and 96: industrial waste incineration of ea
Page 97 and 98: 4.4.1. Lists of stakeholders and th
Page 99 and 100: of them. For example, one individua
Page 101 and 102: Local administrative bodies are als
Page 103 and 104: was presented, and the percentage o
Page 105 and 106: 5.1 Conclusions Chapter 5 Conclusio
Page 107: 11. A simple revenue-expenditure an
Page 111 and 112: Jinran, Z. (2011). Ban on free plas
Page 113 and 114: Plastic Waste Management Institute.
Page 115 and 116: Treewijitkasam, P. (2013). Understa
Page 117 and 118: Table A-1 Details of parameters and
Page 125 and 126: A-2: Harmonized System Code Table A
Page 127 and 128: Table A-11 Characteristics of stake
Page 135 and 136: - What is the knowledge that the wa
Page 137 and 138: 2.5 Who do you buy plastic wastes f
Page 139 and 140: 4. Environmental, law, policy, and
Page 141 and 142: B.3 Questionnaire for Household Dat
Page 143 and 144: B.4 Questionnaire for Plastic Recyc
Page 145 and 146: 3. Production process information a
Page 147 and 148: B.5 Questionnaire for Waste picker/
Page 149 and 150: B.6 Checklists for waste collector
Page 151 and 152: 2.8 Which kinds of plastic products
Page 153 and 154: This shop does not buy foam, plasti
Page 155 and 156: (a) Non-stored bottles 146 (b) Undi
Page 157 and 158: c) Plastic pellet sack Figure C-6 S
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matters/dust. This shop is a stable
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Washing and drying process are oper
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C.2 Case study from oil recovery pl
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silicate clay, natural clay, metal-
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Residue wastes are produced about 1
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C.3 Case study from zero baht shop
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Figure C-24 Newspaper Figure C-26 M
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3. Activities of Zero Baht Shop On
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Zero Baht Shop depending on the tot
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Figure C-37 Lecturer of the project
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networks. This project is not widel
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C.4 Case study from Sai Mai transfe
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4. Categorizing of waste Waste from
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6. Environment issues and observati
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C.5 Technology Park of Chulalongkor
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fractions. It utilizes the heat fro
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ates and desorption inside capillar
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Appendix D Material Flow Analysis D
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Table D-1 Amounts of plastic waste
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D.2 Calculation of the material flo
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Table D-2 Details of calculation of
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Table D-3 Percentage of industrial
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E.3 Calculation of plastic flows in
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Table E-3 Details of each flow of s
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E.4 The estimation of imported and
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