Nuclear General Employee Training N-GET - Exelon Corporation

Revision 35 December 15, 2008 Revision 35 December 15, 2008 Revision 35 December 15, 2008
Nuclear
General Employee
Training
N-GET
STUDY GUIDE
Rev. 35
Effective December 15, 2008

Table of Contents
Fitness For Duty------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3
Station Organization & Administration --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
Nuclear Power Station Overview ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46
Nuclear Security------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 52
Industrial Safety ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 62
Fire Protection -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83
E-Plan------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 89
Quality Programs----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 94
Radiological Orientation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 104
Radiation Worker Training ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 110
Attachments
A – Material Safety Data Sheet --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 160
B – NRC Form 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 163
C –Industry Events------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 166
D – Contamination Pitfalls--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173
E – NRC Form 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 176
F – The 10 Basic Radiation Protection Rules ----------------------------------------------------------- 178
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Course/Program: General Employee Training Module/LP ID:
Title: ! Exelon Fitness For Duty Course Code: N-GFFDP
N-N-GRP1I
N-N-GRP2I
N-N-GRP1R
N-N-GRP2R
Author: G. Kiss Revision/Date: 5 12/2008
Prerequisites: None Revision By: G. Kiss/S. Techau
The trainee shall:
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Est. Teach Time:
Objective # Objective Description
1 State the company AA & FFD policy
2 State the methods used to implement the basic AA & FFD requirements for all
individuals who have unescorted access to the protected area (or assigned duties at
the TSC or EOF in support of the Emergency Plan)
3 State the licensee policy regarding violations
4 State the NRC-mandated sanctions with regard to FFD program violations
5 State the individual roles and responsibilities under AA & FFD
6 State the role of the MRO, human resources and the FFD staff in the FFD program
7 State the purpose of the Employee Assistance Program and services provided
8 Recognize the personal, public health, and safety hazards associated with the
use/abuse of drugs (including prescription, over-the-counter drugs and dietary
conditions) and alcohol, illness, mental stress and fatigue
9 State the effects of prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, dietary conditions
(e.g., food products such as poppy seeds or hemp oil, etc.) illness, mental stress and
fatigue may have on job performance and tests results
10 State individual rights regarding AA & FFD
11 State company policy on addressing & documenting suspect behavior
12 Recognize indicators of or potential precursors to aberrant behavior and that
behavior may change quickly
13 Recognize drugs and know indicators of the illegal use or possession of drugs
including the possibility of intent to sell
14 Describe techniques for recognizing behavior, which may result from using/abusing
drugs and/or alcohol, work performance, social interactions, personal health
15 Describe Behavior Observation Techniques for detecting deterioration, impairment,
" Copyright 2008 by Exelon Nuclear, All Rights Reserved. Permission for reproduction and use is reserved for Exelon Nuclear.
(Any other use or reproduction is expressly prohibited without the express permission of Exelon Nuclear.)

Objective # Objective Description
or changes in individual behavior
16 State individual responsibility and process for handling and reporting behavioral
problems and FFD concerns
17 State the individual’s responsibility and process with regards to referral to EAP
18 State the individuals or the person(s) designated by the licensee or
Contractor/Vendor to receive FFD concerns
19 State the symptoms of worker fatigue and decreased alertness in the workplace
20 State the contributors to worker fatigue
21 State the contributors to circadian variations in alertness
22 State the indications and risk factors for common sleep disorders
23 State shift work strategies for obtaining adequate rest
24 State the effective use of fatigue countermeasures
25 Recognize behaviors adverse to the safe operations and security of the facility,
including an unusual interest in or predisposition towards security and/or
involvement in operations activities outside the normal work activities’ scope
26 State the supervisor’s role and responsibilities under the AA & FFD program
27 State the role of others in maintaining the company AA & FFD program
28 Describe the process for the timely removal of a potentially untrustworthy or
unreliable person from the protected area
References:
Code of Federal Regulations – 10CFR26, 10CFR73.56 and 10CFR73.57
NRC EA-02-261, “Order for Compensatory Measures Related to Access Authorization” dated 01/07/03
NEI 03-01, “Nuclear Power Plant Access Authorization Program”
NEI 03-04, “PADS Guidelines for Plant Access Training”
SY-AA-102, “Exelon Nuclear Fitness For Duty Program”
SY-AA-102-201, “Call-Outs for Unscheduled Work”
SY-AA-102-202, “Testing For Cause”
SY-AA-102-203, “Follow-Up Testing”
SY-AA-102-204, “Random Selection and Notification Process”
SY-AA-102-205, “Fitness For Duty Appeal”
SY-AA-102-206, “Reporting Use of Medication”
SY-AA-102-227, “Qualification of Emergency Operations Facility Participants”
SY-AA-103-500, “Access Authorization Program”
SY-AA-103-501, “Access Authorization Categories and Requirements”
SY-AA-103-503, “Psychological Assessments”
SY-AA-103-504, “Review of Background Investigation and Unescorted Access Denial Appeal”
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SY-AA-103-509, “Protection of Personal Information”
SY-AA-103-510, “Critical Group Requirements”
SY-AA-103-513, “Behavioral Observation Program”
SY-AA-103-518, “Out-Processing of Personnel (Employee and Contractor)”
I. Introduction
A. Overview
1. Upon completion, students should be aware of the trustworthiness and reliability requirements for
unescorted access to the protected area, the importance of being fit for duty, understand the
potential consequences of substance abuse, and work in compliance with the station access
authorization and fitness for duty policies. Students should also be familiar with individual rights
and responsibilities regarding the fitness for duty program.
2. Students should be able to recognize and report aberrant individual behavior that could lead to acts
detrimental to public health and safety. The Behavioral Observation Program is the primary means
for determining continued trustworthiness and reliability of covered individuals.
B. Purpose
1. The purpose of this training is to provide information on the company’s access authorization and
fitness for duty (AA & FFD) policy so that nuclear workers can perform their jobs safely and
competently in an environment free of drugs and alcohol.
C. Objectives
D. Statement of Evaluation
1. Students will be evaluated by answering questions given on the examination with an accuracy of
80% or better.
II. Company AA & FFD policy, methods used to implement, and the
consequences of violation
A. Failure to meet the policy requirements listed below could result in violation of the Exelon FFD
program and may result in disciplinary action up to and including termination and denial of unescorted
access.
B. Report to work fit for duty unimpaired by alcohol, drugs, improper diet, mental stress, fatigue, or
illness, and the use of prescription and over the counter medications that could cause impairment.
Notify their supervisor if there are any conditions that may affect their ability to safely and competently
perform their duties.
C. Each individual is responsible for evaluating their own personal fitness-for-duty based on impairment
from fatigue, managing their work hours consistent with the objective of preventing impairment from
fatigue, verifying their work hours are correctly documented regardless of whether they are paid for the
hours worked, making a self-declaration of fatigue when fatigue or reduced mental alertness could
negatively affect their job performance and discussing these concerns with supervision, monitoring and
reporting concerns related to individuals' Fitness-For-Duty (FFD) based on impairment from fatigue
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(i.e., Behavior Observation Program) and being aware of the total hours worked in the previous 14 days
and notifying management if work hour limits will be exceeded if asked to work additional hours.
D. Individuals are required to be fit-for-duty by getting sufficient rest to ensure they are not subject to
fatigue. Individuals who make choices that result in less than adequate sleep to remain alert and avoid
fatigue are not meeting their obligations to safely and competently perform assigned duties. Methods
used to manage fatigue include training, behavioral observation, fatigue countermeasures and work
hour limitations.
E. Failure to follow Exelon’s fatigue management policy, including failure to complete any treatment a
healthcare professional recommended based on a fitness for duty evaluation, may result in discipline up
to an including termination and denial of unescorted access.
F. Federal law, Part 10CFR26, requires each utility licensee operating a nuclear facility to:
1. Provide reasonable assurance that personnel are trustworthy and reliable as demonstrated
by the avoidance of substance abuse and are neither under the influence of any substance
(legal or illegal) or mentally or physically impaired from any cause which in any way
adversely affects their ability to safely and competently perform their duties.
2. Provide reasonable assurance that the work place is free of the presence and effects of illegal drugs
and alcohol.
3. Provide reasonable measures for the early detection of individuals who are not fit to perform the
duties that require them to be subject to the FFD program.
4. Provide reasonable assurance that the effects of fatigue and degraded alertness on individuals’
abilities to safely and competently perform their duties are managed commensurate with
maintaining public health and safety.
5. 10CFR26 mandates individuals who perform activities under this rule participate in drug and
alcohol testing.
6. An individual is fit for duty when he/she is neither mentally nor physically impaired from any
cause that could adversely affect safe, competent job performance.
7. These impairments may be the result of:
a. Physical illness
b. Mental stress/illness
c. Improper diet
d. Substance abuse
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e. Fatigue and contributing factors to decreased mental alertness
1) Fatigue affects everybody;
2) Fatigue affects everything we do, physically and cognitively;
3) Often when we are fatigued, we are quite unaware of how badly we are performing.
G. Federal law, 10CFR73.56 Personnel Access Authorization and 10CFR73.57 Criminal History Checks,
requires each licensee operating a nuclear facility to:
1. Provide high assurance that individuals granted unescorted access are trustworthy and reliable and
do not constitute an unreasonable risk to the health and safety of the public including a potential to
commit radiological sabotage.
H. Exelon’s Fitness For Duty policy dictates that Exelon employees and contractors alike, abide by the
appropriate policy requirements.
I. The primary elements of the station’s AA and FFD Program are:
1. Background Investigation/Reinvestigation
2. Psychological Assessment/Re-Assessment
3. Criminal History Inquiry
4. Chemical Testing
5. Behavior Observation (including fatigue assessments)
6. Reporting of Arrests
7. Training
8. Employee Assistance Program
J. Exelon ensures specimen collection, documentation, and testing is conducted in strict compliance with
the Fitness For Duty Program.
K. Chemical testing provides a means of detecting and deterring substance abuse in the work place.
There are 5 test categories in chemical testing:
1. Pre-access: conducted prior to employment or prior to being granted unescorted access or
assignment to any Emergency Operations Facility (EOF) or Technical Support Center (TSC) in
support of the Emergency Plan.
2. For Cause: conducted as soon as practical in response to an individual’s observed behavior or
physical condition indicating possible substance abuse or after receiving credible information that
an individual is engaging in substance abuse, this includes the detection of the odor of alcohol.
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3. Post Event: conducted as soon as practical after an event involving human error that may have
caused or contributed to the event if it resulted in:
1) A significant illness or personal injury;
2) A radiation exposure or release of radioactivity in excess of regulatory limits; or
3) An actual or potential substantial degradation of the level of safety of the plant
4. Follow-up: as part of a follow-up plan conducted at unannounced intervals to verify an
individual’s continued abstinence from substance abuse.
5. Random: conducted on a statistically random and unannounced basis, so that all individuals in the
population subject to testing have an equal probability of being selected and tested.
L. If you refuse to participate in the FFD testing process, unescorted access will be immediately
terminated. A refusal is considered a violation of the FFD program.
M. The collection site is staffed with personnel who will provide individuals with detailed instructions on
how the collection process will be handled. Locations of the Station collection sites are in the Exelon
East/West Specific Study Guides.
N. If you are selected for a random test, you or your supervisor or point of contact will be notified. If your
supervisor or point of contact is notified, they will notify you of the scheduled test time.
NOTE
When you are selected and scheduled for a random or followup
test, you must respond promptly. You may NOT request
time off once notified of a random or follow-up test.
O. The chemical testing process will include validity testing for the following adulterants (substances
added to mask or alter test results):
1. creatinine
2. ph
3. nitrites
P. The chemical testing process screens for the following substances:
1. alcohol
2. cocaine
3. marijuana
4. opiates
5. phencyclidine
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6. amphetamines
Q. Urinalysis will be used for all substances except alcohol. A Breathalyzer will be used to read the blood
alcohol concentration in a person’s breath.
R. A confirmed positive test for alcohol must be declared under any of the following conditions:
1. When the result of the confirmatory test for alcohol is 0.04% blood alcohol concentration (BAC) or
higher.
2. When the result of the confirmatory test for alcohol is 0.03% BAC or higher and the donor had
been in a work status for at least 1 hour at the time the initial test was concluded (including any
breaks for rest, lunch, dental/doctor appointments, etc.).
3. When the result of the confirmatory test for alcohol is 0.02% BAC or higher and the donor had
been in a work status for at least 2 hours at the time the initial test was concluded (including any
breaks for rest, lunch, dental/doctor appointments, etc.).
S. When the result of the confirmatory test for alcohol is equal to or greater than 0.01% BAC but less than
0.02% BAC and the donor has been in a work status for 3 hours or more at the time the initial test was
concluded (including any breaks for rest, lunch, dental/doctor appointments, etc.), the collector shall
declare the test result as negative and inform FFD program management. The donor shall be prohibited
from performing any duties that require the individual to be subject to 10 CFR Part 26 and may not
return until the individual to performing such duties until a determination of fitness indicates that the
donor is fit to safely and competently perform his or her duties.
As explained above. The test is still considered negative, but if they are doing work that falls
into the Federal Regulation, a review will be completed to ensure they are fit for duty
T. Individuals should be aware that prescription and over-the-counter medication could impact chemical
test results. All drugs must be in a properly labeled container.
U. If you violate the AA or FFD policy, you can be terminated, have your unescorted access denied, and
Exelon Company employees will be referred to Exelon’s EAP.
V. FFD Sanctions
1. The following acts will result in an immediate unfavorable termination of the individual’s
authorization and permanent denial of authorization thereafter.
a. Any act or attempted act to subvert the testing process, including but not limited to:
1) Refusing to provide a specimen;
2) Providing or attempting to provide a substituted or adulterated specimen, for any test;
3) Individuals whose authorization was denied for a minimum of five (5) years, any
subsequent violation of Exelon’s FFD policy.
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. Any employee or contractor involved in the sale, use or possession of narcotics, drugs or
controlled substances while within the protected area will result in an immediate unfavorable
termination of the individual’s authorization and permanent denial of authorization thereafter.
2. Resignation after notification to provide a specimen for testing or resignation or withdrawal of
authorization of your application prior to removal for a program violation shall be considered a
violation of 10 CFR 26 and result in unfavorable termination and denial of authorization for a
minimum of five (5) years.
3. A first confirmed positive drug test will result in an immediate unfavorable termination of the
individual’s authorization and denial of authorization for a minimum of three (3) years for:
a. Exelon Management Personnel;
b. All Exelon Nuclear Security, LLC employees (Management, bargaining unit and craft
personnel);
4. A first confirmed positive drug test will result in an immediate unfavorable termination of the
individual’s authorization for a minimum of 14 days for:
a. An Exelon bargaining unit, or non-union craft employee
5. A first confirmed positive alcohol test will result in an immediate unfavorable termination of the
individual’s authorization for a minimum of 14 days for:
a. All Exelon Personnel;
b. All Exelon Nuclear Security, LLC Management, bargaining unit and craft personnel;
6. A first confirmed positive drug or alcohol test for a contractor will result in immediate unfavorable
termination and denial of unescorted access for a minimum of three (3) years.
7. A second confirmed positive drug or alcohol test will result in an immediate unfavorable
termination of the individual’s authorization and permanent denial of authorization thereafter for:
a. All Exelon personnel*;
b. All Exelon Nuclear Security, LLC employees (Management, bargaining unit and craft
personnel);
c. All Contractor personnel
*For Exelon bargaining unit employees, please contact your Human Resources department for how
this may effect your employment and/or sanctions at your site or refer to SY-AA-102, Exelon
Nuclear Fitness for Duty Program.
8. Any individual with a positive drug test, preceded or followed by a refusal to test or a positive
alcohol test or another positive drug test will be permanently denied unescorted access and
ineligible for further unescorted access to Exelon Nuclear Stations.
9. All individuals will be referred for assessment and counseling during the termination period. The
individual’s fitness to perform work activities must be approved by the MRO and Exelon
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management before reinstatement of unescorted access or the ability to perform the duties that
require them to be subject to the FFD program. Individuals, upon initial return following a FFD
violation, shall provide an observed negative drug and alcohol specimen prior to reinstatement of
unescorted access. Follow-up testing in accordance with the Fitness For Duty Follow Up Testing
procedure is required.
10. Individuals who fail to report an arrest as defined by Exelon Nuclear, or provide deliberate or
willful misleading statements with the intent to gain access is a violation of Federal Regulations
and will result in denial of unescorted access. Any misrepresentation, deliberate misstatement,
falsification or willful omission may constitute cause for denial or revocation of unescorted access
authorization. Failure to report and list reasons for any previous suspension, revocation or denial of
unescorted access to Exelon or other entity subject to either the NRC Access Authorization or
Fitness-For-Duty Regulation may be sufficient cause for denial or revocation of unescorted access
authorization or security clearance. If such an instance is detected, Exelon is required to advise the
NRC. The NRC may investigate the applicant and, if appropriate, criminal and civil sanctions may
be imposed against the applicant.
III. Timely removal from the Protected Area
A. Action must be taken to remove access to the protected area when a supervisor becomes aware of any
situation that may question an individual’s behavior or trustworthiness and reliability.
B. Notification to Site Security/Badging must be completed immediately:
1. For individuals who have been identified that their unescorted access status needs to be temporarily
suspended, placed on administrative hold, temporary hold or denial for any reason; and
2. Personnel whose fitness for duty is questionable, shall immediately be removed from work
activities. The individual shall be escorted at all times until the person exits the protected area, or
until the completion of a For Cause test is conducted, if deemed necessary.
C. Personnel in a “For Cause” termination situation, who have Unescorted Access and are being
separated from Exelon or their contract company “for-cause” shall:
1. Not be notified of termination until Security is notified. After notification to Security, the
individual shall be out-processed immediately by their Supervisor and shall be escorted/observed
at all times until final departure from the site. The Supervisor shall be responsible for outprocessing
all “for-cause” dismissals of employees and contractors.
2. Security must be notified of any CANCELLATION of Unescorted Access and must be
completed utilizing either the required form or an electronic form, telephone notification, or in
person and in accordance with SY-AA-103-518, Out-Processing (Employee and Contractors).
IV. Rights, Roles and Responsibilities of the individual
A. Exelon’s Fitness For Duty policy dictates that Exelon employees and contractors alike, abide by the
appropriate policy requirements.
B. Each employee is responsible to report to work fit for duty, unimpaired by alcohol, drugs, improper
diet, mental stress, fatigue, or illness, and the use of prescription and over the counter medications that
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could cause impairment. Notify the supervisor if there are any conditions that may affect their ability
to safely and competently perform their duties.
C. Anyone under the influence of alcohol, or who possesses or consumes alcohol on the job, has the
potential for interfering with their own as well as their co-workers safe and efficient job performance.
Consistent with existing Company policies; such conditions will be proper cause for administrative
action up to and including denial of access.
D. Abstain from alcohol for at least five (5) hours preceding regularly scheduled work and long enough to
ensure blood alcohol content (BAC) is less than 0.04 percent upon arrival on company property. If
alcohol has been consumed, you shall request a test before entering the protected area. Failure to meet
this requirement could result in violation of the FFD program. (Abstinence from alcohol for the 5
hours preceding any schedule tour of duty is considered a minimum that is necessary, but may not be
sufficient, to ensure that the individual is fit for duty.)
E. You may be called in as needed for unscheduled work. You are responsible for informing
the person calling if you have consumed alcohol within the past five (5) hours or are not fit
for duty due to physical illness, mental stress/illness, improper diet, substance abuse or
fatigue.
F. If you are contacted at home to discuss a work related issue, you are responsible to alert the
caller if you are uncomfortable about responding due to alcohol consumption, or you are not fit for
duty due to physical illness, mental stress/illness, improper diet, substance abuse or fatigue.
G. Seek assistance for any problems that may affect your ability to safely and competently perform your
duties. Notify your supervisor of any problems you may have such as physical illness, mental stress or
illness, improper diet, substance abuse or fatigue.
H. Report the use of legitimate prescription or over-the-counter drugs that could impact their ability or
performance.
I. Keep their supervisor informed of any medication or other substances that could affect job
performance. Do not use or possess someone else’s prescription drugs.
J. Individuals undergoing prescribed medical treatment with a prescription and/or over-the-counter
medication shall report this treatment to their supervisor. The prescribed use of prescription medication
as directed by a physician is naturally not grounds for disciplinary action, although it is important for
the company to know such use is occurring. Refer to SY-AA-102-206 “Reporting Use of Medication”
K. Observe behavior; you are responsible to immediately report any observed unusual behavior, suspected
drug use, the detected odor of alcohol, or any conditions adverse to station safety. Notify your
supervisor, department head, and Security immediately. Failure to involve a supervisor after detecting
the odor of alcohol on an individual is a violation of the FFD Program and will result in denial of
unescorted access. Supervisors must verify if behavior is questionable (including
presence of the odor of alcohol). Escort while within the protected area, until the
concern is resolved. Report to Security immediately when a For-Cause test is required.
L. The illegal use, sale or possession of narcotics, drugs, or controlled substances while on the job on
Exelon Company property is a violation of the Drug and Alcohol Policy and/or the Fitness for Duty
Program. Station parking lots are Exelon property. Any illegal substances will be turned over to the
appropriate law enforcement agency and may result in criminal prosecution.
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M. Anyone arrested or that is involved with illegal off-the-job drug or alcohol activity may be considered
to be in violation of the Company Drug & Alcohol Policy or the Fitness for Duty Program. In deciding
what action to take, management will take into consideration the nature of the charges, the employee’s
present job assignment, the employee’s record with the company and other factors relative to the
impact of the employee arrest upon the conduct of company business.
N. Some of the drugs which are illegal under federal, state, or local laws include, among others,
marijuana, heroin, hashish, cocaine and hallucinogens. Depressants, stimulants, and other controlled
substances not prescribed for current personal treatment by an accredited physician also fall under this
rule.
O. Individuals will be subject to drug and alcohol screening test. Refusal to cooperate or submit to any test
is a violation of the Exelon Fitness for Duty Program. A positive test result, indicating that an
individual was present on Exelon Nuclear Station property while under the influence of drugs or
alcohol, is considered a violation of the Fitness for Duty Program.
P. Report any previous denial of unescorted access, positive chemical test, or involuntary participation in
a substance abuse treatment program.
Q. Cooperate fully with the chemical testing program and ensure individuals who are notified that they
have been selected for random testing must report to the collection facility within the time period
specified.
R. Refusal to cooperate, subverting or attempting to subvert or refusal to provide a specimen will result in
a violation of the FFD program.
S. Individuals providing specimens that have been adulterated or substituted will be permanently denied
unescorted access.
T. Personal information collected for the FFD program will be protected and will not be disclosed except
as required by the appropriate procedure.
U. You also have the right to privacy at the collection site unless:
1. There is reason to believe that you will tamper with, alter, or substitute a specimen.
2. The specimen is being collected in a for-cause situation.
3. It is an initial return to work after a FFD violation
V. If you test positive, you have a right to appeal the test result and request a reanalysis of the original
positive specimen.
W. Any Exelon, contract or vendor employee upgraded or promoted to a supervisory position
is obligated to carry out the supervisory responsibilities as defined in the Exelon
Fitness for Duty Program.
X. All individuals, vehicles, property, equipment, and areas on Exelon Nuclear Station property are
subject to search. This includes all parking areas. Refusal by an individual to permit a search of their
person, property, vehicle or area is a violation of Company Policy.
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Y. Individual must report any legal action which is defined as a formal action taken by a law enforcement
authority or court of law, including an arrest, an indictment, the filing of charges, a conviction, or the
mandated implementation of a plan for substance abuse treatment in order to avoid a permanent record
of an arrest or conviction, in response to any of the following activities; the use sale or possession of
illegal drugs, the abuse of legal drugs or alcohol, or a refusal to take an drug or alcohol test.
Z. Report to their supervisor and security all arrests, charges pending resolution or detentions by
authorities for any violation of law, other than speeding or parking offenses.
AA. Individuals that are governed by 10CFR26, and 10CFR 73.56 who are charged with any incident such
an arrest, criminal charges, convictions or proceedings where an individual was held detained, taken
into custody, indicted, fined, forfeited bond or cited for a violation of any law, regulation or ordinance.
This includes misdemeanors, felonies, summary offenses, military criminal history to include court
martial or non-judicial punishment, guilty pleas, nolle contendere, any suspended sentences, pre-trial
diversions, dismissals, nolle prosse or first offender cases and traffic tickets (excluding speeding tickets
or parking offenses) are required to report this to their immediate supervisor, or department head and
Exelon Nuclear Security on their first day back to work following any arrests, criminal charges,
convictions or proceedings. ALL drug and alcohol related arrests must be reported.
nolle contendere: a defendant’s pleading that does not admit guilt but subjects him or her to
punishment as though a guilty plea had been entered, the determination of guilt remaining open in
other proceedings.
nolle prosse: an entry made upon the records of a court when the plaintiff or prosecutor will
proceed no further in a suit.
BB. Individuals must report to a supervisor or security if they notice any FFD concerns including unusual
behavior or suspects substance abuse by any other worker. Prompt action is required since there is a
potential for injuries or reduced plant performance.
CC. If you have any concerns or are in doubt about handling a Fitness For Duty concern, call Station
Security.
DD. You must report a leave of absence, or any situation if you are not in a behavior observation program to
your supervisor, Security and Human Resources prior to leaving. Examples include:
1. Extended vacation for more than 30 days
2. Leave of absence for any reason (Medical/Personal/Military)
3. Working remotely
4. Training at other work locations (e.g., Supervisory Development Program)
V. Roles and responsibilities of others such as the Medical Review
Officer (MRO), Human Resources, and FFD staff
A. The Medical Review Officer is a licensed physician whose primary role is to review and interpret
positive, adulterated, substituted, invalid, and diluted test results obtained through Exelon’s testing
program and to identify any evidence of subversion of the testing process. The MRO also:
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1. Interviews donors with laboratory confirmed positive test results to determine if a positive test
could have resulted from over-the-counter and/or legally prescribed medication or dietary
condition.
2. Authorizes re-analysis of the original specimen by a SAMHSA Certified Laboratory.
3. Evaluates the need for testing of individuals as identified in the Testing For Cause procedure.
4. Identifies any issues associated with collecting and testing specimens, and advises and assists the
FFD program management in planning and overseeing the overall FFD program.
5. Recommends individuals to the EAP.
6. Evaluates documentation provided by EAP and Access Authorization group to recommend to
Security if an individual can be considered trustworthy and reliable for the purpose of granting
and/or maintaining unescorted access authorization.
7. Recommends follow-up testing as a result of a positive drug or alcohol test or for any other concern
to verify continued abstinence from the use of substances.
8. Directs the MRO Staff and their activities while they are performing those functions.
B. The role of the AA & FFD Program Staff is:
1. Oversee the AA & FFD programs and ensuring compliance with Federal Rules and Regulations
2. Responsible for the adjudication of [Reviews information received regarding] potentially
disqualifying information to determine if an individual is trustworthy and reliable
3. Oversees and assures satisfactory quality performance of the FFD testing processes and the
laboratory contracted to conduct specimen testing
4. Maintain confidentiality of the AA & FFD Records
5. Assists in coordinating Appeals to the Appeal Reviewer
C. The role of the Human Resource organization is to:
1. Serve as the confidential communication link between Exelon Nuclear Security and Company
employees for Access and Fitness For Duty issues.
2. Promptly report any Access and Fitness For Duty concerns or program violations to Station
Security and Station Management.
3. Notify Security when an employee has been terminated “For Cause” so Security can make an
evaluation concerning the individual’s trustworthiness and reliability. This includes situations
when an employee is allowed to resign prior to termination.
D. The Role of the EAP Staff is to:
1. Employee Assistance Program (EAP) provides confidential assessment, short-term counseling,
referral services and treatment monitoring for FFD related issues.
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2. EAP is designed to provide early intervention for individuals who may have problems that could
adversely affect their ability to safely perform their duties.
3. Only Exelon employees are eligible for the EAP. Employees may request assistance from the EAP
(self-referral) or be referred by their Supervisor, Security, the MRO or the company Medical staff.
Contractors can check with their supervision on the availability of an EAP in their company.
4. If the EAP staff determines that your condition constitutes a hazard to yourself or to others, or you
have been impaired from using drugs or alcohol while in a work status and has a continuing
substance abuse disorder, 10CFR26 requires notification of company management even if you are a
self-referral.
VI. EAP Services available
A. What EAP Services are available?
1. When you call for EAP services, you will receive confidential help in dealing with any of the
following concerns or possibly other problems that may be troubling you.
• Dealing with Change/
Transition
• Stress
• Family Relationship
Concerns
• Depression
• Dual Careers
• Anxiety
• Job Burnout
• Workplace Problems
• Marital / Relationship
• Work / Life Balance
B. Only Exelon employees are eligible for the EAP. Employees may request assistance from the EAP
(self-referral) or be referred by their Supervisor, Security, the MRO or the company Medical staff.
Contractors can check with their supervision on the availability of an EAP in their company.
C. For additional information on the company’s EAP, see your Supervisor, Human Resources or the
company Medical staff. To obtain information or get help, contact the EAP staff directly.
VII. Personal, public health and safety hazards associated with the use/abuse
of illegal and legal drugs and alcohol
A. Substance abusers have the following impact on business and the public:
1. Have FOUR times as many accidents.
• Fitness For Duty
• Alcohol / Drug Problems
• Compulsive Gambling
• Aging Parents / Elder Care
• Death / Dying
• Financial Concerns
• Sexual Problems
• Retirement Concerns
• Eating Disorder Problems
• Physical Abuse
2. File FIVE times as many worker compensation claims.
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3. Use THREE times the number of sick benefits.
4. Are absent or tardy TWICE as often.
5. Make TWICE as many mistakes as non-abusers.
6. Cause 50% of all vehicular accident deaths and 500,000
serious injuries in vehicular accidents each year.
VIII. Effects of prescription and over the counter drugs, dietary factors, illness,
mental stress and fatigue on job performance & test results
A. Prescription and Over the Counter Drugs
1. Use of prescription medication or commonly purchased over-the-counter drugs, such as sedatives,
appetite suppressants, analgesics, cold or allergy medicines may have an impact on testing. They
may contain alcohol or codeine. In addition certain available food products such as poppy seeds or
hemp oil, energy drinks containing alcohol, etc. may cause positive test results.
2. Because of the possible effects on job performance and/or test results, you must be aware of your
medications and keep your supervisor informed as part of the Fitness For Duty Program.
3. Over-the-counter or prescribed medication brought on company property must be kept in its
original container, do not mix medications in the same container. The name on the bottle must
match the name of the individual possessing it. Refer to SY-AA-102, “Exelon’s Fitness for Duty
Program.”
4. If under medication and there are signs of job impairment and the work function may be
endangered by this use, a Supervisor should temporarily reassign an employee to a suitable work
function.
B. Dietary Factors
1. Marijuana-flavored lollipops have such names as Purple Haze, Acapulco Gold and Rasta. They are
legal because they are made with hemp oil, a common ingredient in some health food, beauty
supplies and other household products. The oil imparts marijuana’s grassy taste but not the high.
Merchants are calling them a harmless novelty for adults. Health food stores are also selling more
and more products made from hemp. Though consuming products containing hemp oil create no
psychoactive effect, they will cause a positive urinalysis test for marijuana. The Medical Review
Officer will not accept hemp product ingestion as an alternative medical explanation for a positive
marijuana test.
2. Coca leaf tea contains cocaine in quantities sufficient to cause a positive test for cocaine, and the
MRO will not accept coca leaf product ingestion as an alternative medical explanation for a
positive cocaine test.
3. Energy drinks containing alcohol are prohibited while on company property. Individuals who
consume these drinks are impaired because of the alcohol in their system. These drinks contain
alcohol in quantities sufficient to cause a positive test for alcohol and the MRO will not accept
energy drink product ingestion as an alternative medical explanation for a positive alcohol test.
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4. There is an herb named Kava Kava that is found in health food stores and has been used, like
valerian root, as an over the counter “prescription” for stress relief and can make you appear
impaired.
5. It is an employee’s responsibility to maintain fitness for duty and be aware of the effects of each
drink, food, or drug you ingest. Although a substance, food, or health supplement is reported
“safe” for you and is legal, doesn’t mean it is wise or safe to ingest these items because they can
result in a positive alcohol or drug test. Remember to read labels and ask questions before you
purchase and use a new product.
C. Mental Stress
1. Individuals should be knowledgeable of causes of worker stress in the workplace.
a. Daily stress is normal.
b. Stress is derived from events that occur throughout life e.g., marriage and family life, job
changes, job performance, etc.
c. When daily stress turns into chronic stress the worker is at risk for adverse impact on day-today
living, e.g., behavior changes.
d. Contributors to worker stress may include:
1) increased irritability,
2) feelings of depression,
3) chronic fatigue (fatigue that has set in over several weeks or months),
4) overreacting to any single situation,
5) impulsiveness,
6) excessive use of alcohol or drugs, and
7) constant sense of worry
e. Worker fatigue can also have an adverse effect on job performance. The NRC, in a Rulemaking
Issue document states, in part:
“… studies concerning extended work hour (e.g., more than 12 hours) suggest that in a broad
range of industries fatigue-induced impairment can increase human error probabilities by a
factor of more than 2 to 3 times baseline human error probabilities.” (SECY-01-0113)
IX. Illegal drugs and indications of the illegal use, sale, or possession of
drugs
A. Individuals should be sensitive to any attempt to use, sell or distribute illegal drugs on company
property.
1. There is no typical drug dealer;
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2. Drug dealers come from all parts of society;
3. Drug transfer or sale can take place quickly, involving nothing more than a casual personal
exchange.
B. All workers need to be aware of locations where drugs can be concealed:
1. Clothing – pockets, socks, shoes, underwear, hard-hats and caps;
2. Personal containers – brief cases, purses, lunch boxes;
3. Tobacco packages – cigarette and chewing tobacco packs.
C. Drugs can have a significant impact on job performance. Those individuals using drugs or other
chemicals can have:
1. Impaired judgment and vision
2. Changes in reflexes; and
3. Reduced analytical ability
D. Common drugs that may be used are:
1. Cannabis: Cannabis is a plant that grows wild throughout most tropic and temperate regions or the
world. The plant is brilliant green in color with an odd number of saw-tooth edged leaves. Some
examples of cannabis include: hashish, hashish oil, and marijuana. Some signs of Cannabis use
include:
a. Bloodshot eyes, dilated (wide) pupils
b. Appearance of intoxication or disorientation
c. Euphoria
d. Odor of burnt marijuana or hemp
e. Relaxed inhibitions
2. Stimulant: Stimulates the central nervous system. Used medically for the treatment of narcolepsy,
obesity, and hyperactivity in children. Some examples of stimulants include: caffeine, nicotine,
amphetamines, meth-amphetamine, some over-the-counter diet pills, and cocaine.
a. Some signs of Stimulant use include:
1) Increased alertness or excitation
2) Euphoria
3) Irritability
4) Mood swings
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5) Risk taking due to overconfidence
3. Depressant: Depresses the central nervous system. Used medically for the relief of anxiety,
irritability, tension, and insomnia. Some examples of depressants include: barbiturates, Valium,
Quaaludes, and alcohol.
a. Some signs of Depressant use include:
1) Slurred speech
2) Disorientation
3) Lowered inhibitions
4) Bloodshot-watery eyes
5) Odor on breath (alcohol)
4. Narcotic: Used medically to relieve pain and to treat diarrhea. Some examples include: opium,
heroin, codeine, morphine, and paregoric.
a. Some signs of Narcotic use include:
1) Constricted or narrow pupils of the eyes
2) Droopy eyelids
3) Euphoria
4) Drowsiness
5) Nausea
5. Hallucinogen: Synthetic or natural drugs that distort the perception of objective reality. Use may
lead to delusions and visual hallucinations. Some examples of hallucinogens include: psilocybin,
LSD, phencyclidine (PCP) and mescaline.
a. Some signs of Hallucinogen use include:
1) Blank stare or rapid eye movement
2) Delusions and visual hallucinations
3) Poor coordination or perception of time and distance
4) Flashback or ‘trips’
E. If the sale, use, or possession of drugs is observed in station or on company property, report this
IMMEDIATELY to your supervisor or Security.
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X. Roles & Responsibilities of Supervisors and others under the AA & FFD
Program
A. All individuals must be sensitive to the escorted individual’s performance for indications of aberrant
behavior that affect the ability to perform assigned tasks. Specific diagnosis of the cause of impairment
is not required before action is taken to prevent acts that could affect the reliability of the plant.
B. Managers and supervisors are in frequent contact with their personnel and are most familiar with their
normal behavior patterns. Therefore, they are in the best position to detect long term changes in an
individuals’ behavior and to initiate appropriate corrective action.
C. Managers and supervisors have the responsibility for the continued observation of assigned individuals
and initiating action for degraded behavior that could affect the safety and reliability of the plant.
D. Managers and Supervisors are responsible for implementing parts of the FFD and Behavioral
Observation Program. This includes:
1. Observing assigned individuals’ behavior patterns over time. Observing other workers and
reporting any aberrant behavior detected.
2. Documenting behavioral problems is an essential element in long-term observation so the cause of
the change can be addressed.
a. It’s important to record facts as they occur.
b. Accurate records become a tool for taking appropriate action and can be of use in the EAP
problem solving process.
c. Records are essential if disciplinary action becomes warranted.
3. Acting proactively to address behavior problems. A supervisor’s responsibility is to recognize
declining job performance, caused by behavioral problems, in its early stages and to respond
promptly and constructively.
a. Conducting and documenting a supervisory review on a nominal annual basis for each
individual with unescorted access authorization/unescorted access, maintained for 365
consecutive days. Refer to SY-AA-103-513, “Behavioral Observation Program” for specific
information on supervisory reviews.
E. The employee has the right to review their personal file. The employee also has the right to provide
additional comments about the information.
F. Supervisors shall not disclose personal information collected and maintained to individuals who do not
have a need to know under the NRC regulation.
G. The EAP provides assessment, short-term counseling, and treatment monitoring for fitness for duty
related issues.
1. Situations may develop where a supervisor has no choice but to take corrective action with
employees under his or her control.
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2. Ideally, supervisors should encourage employees to seek assistance through the EAP BEFORE
problems occur. This may prevent a major deterioration of performance plus it demonstrates the
supervisor’s commitment to the well being of his or her workers.
H. Supervisory Steps for Corrective Action:
1. Supervisors may have to ‘step in’ and correct a situation via an interview, making a referral to
EAP, or taking action on Fitness For Duty concerns.
I. Interview Techniques:
1. The following are some recommended steps to consider when interviewing an employee about
behavior-related performance problems:
a. Pre-plan the interview session with a review of the employee’s records.
b. Review the company policies and procedures concerning your employee’s job performance.
c. Consult with Human Resources and your manager about job performance problems.
d. Make an appointment to discuss your concerns about job performance with the employee.
e. Anticipate defensiveness during the session. Give specific instances of behavior-related job
performance problems.
f. Try to show genuine empathy rather than sympathy.
g. Make specific suggestions about how to change the employee’s
behavior that affects job performance.
J. EAP Referral:
1. If the employee continues to show signs of behavior changes or problems, contact EAP staff to
make a supervisor referral. The supervisor should continue to document changes in the employee’s
current performance.
2. If behavior continues to deteriorate, contact Security and the Medical Review Officer (MRO).
3. Advise your management of the steps you have taken and the documentation collected. With your
management’s support, determine the next course of action regarding further discipline or
assistance for the employee.
K. Handling of Fitness for Duty Concerns:
1. The following steps are guidelines that can be used if supervisors suspect an employee may not be
fit for duty. If supervisors have specific concerns or questions, they should contact the Security
Department, Human Resources, or the Medical Review Officer (MRO).
2. Supervisors should not diagnose the cause of an employee’s problem, but are responsible for timely
action once a problem is detected or reported.
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3. If the individual’s action endangers himself or herself, or is a danger to other people, or risks the
safety of the site, the supervisor should immediately remove the employee from work activities and
assume escort duties.
4. If safety is not threatened, try to have at least one other person, preferably a member of supervision,
observe the individual’s behavior.
5. An employee may become belligerent when confronted. This may lead to personnel injury or
damage to station components. If you feel that the encounter may lead to physical problems,
request assistance from another management person or Security and escort the employee from the
protected area.
6. Notify Human Resources or Security for Exelon employees. Refer to the Exelon Site Specific
Study Guide(s) for further information.
7. If the individual refuses to submit to a medical evaluation or displays threatening behavior, the
supervisor should escort the employee from the protected area and direct Security to revoke
unescorted access.
8. The supervisor should instruct the individual that he or she is suspended pending further
investigation.
9. If the sale, use, or possession of illegal drugs or alcohol is suspected; or if drugs, drug
paraphernalia, or alcoholic beverages are found on site, immediately confiscate and control the
contraband and notify Security.
10. Following any incident, prepare a detailed record of all actions. This includes documenting
statements, dates, times, witnesses, and all pertinent facts. Management should be notified of the
incident as soon as possible.
11. A For Cause drug and alcohol test is required when the odor of alcohol has been detected on an
individual and confirmed by a supervisor or management employee. Breath alcohol testing is
required to begin within one (1) hour. Security must be notified and will arrange for the For Cause
drug and alcohol test. Unescorted access will be suspended pending test results.
12. The FFD rules apply equally to everyone regardless of their title or position.
13. Management has the responsibility to deal with FFD concerns in a timely manner.
14. Due to the transient nature of contracted work, contracting and vendor firms may not always have a
full complement of management on site. In the absence of on-site company management,
contractor and vendor supervisors shall notify Security, the Exelon cognizant contact or other
Exelon management following the occurrence of any Fitness For Duty issues or events.
L. Each employee (contractor or Exelon) must rely upon some sign or indications to look for that may
indicate their co-workers, employees, or visitors are exhibiting aberrant behavior. Possible signs of
aberrant behavior:
1. The taking of medications/use of drugs, signs of fatigue, mental stress, or illness observed in
themselves or others
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2. Unusual interest in or predisposition towards security or operations activities outside the scope of
their normal work assignments
3. Uncharacteristic absences from work
4. Frequent unexplained absence from work assignments
5. Unusual or inadequate response when confronted about being in a plant or office location outside
of the worker’s usual scope of work
6. Unusual views or opinions that might be directly or indirectly threatening to a nuclear facility
7. An employee in an area outside of his usual scope of activities, who can’t provide an appropriate
explanation
8. Abnormalities such as vandalism and/or tampering; Examples include but are not limited to:
#$ Misaligned breakers or valves,
#$ Cut wires or cables,
#$ Foreign objects in machinery, reservoirs or tanks,
#$ Inappropriate holes drilled, punched or cuts in pipes, tubes or hoses, and
#$ Damage to a component such that its safety or security function is impeded.
M. Aberrant behavior is defined as behavior that varies from or deviates from normal behavior.
N. Most people behave in a consistent manner. Changes in this pattern can occur quickly and may result
from many possible causes, including heath, family and work difficulties. Usually short lived, all of us
experience such changes at one time or another. On occasion the difficulties continue and even
intensify
O. We identify changes in behavior by observing, through what we hear, see, smell and touch, around us.
There are general indicators of degraded behavior that must be watched for:
1. PERSONAL HEALTH BEHAVIOR
a. Are you aware of signs of NERVES or EMOTIONAL UPSET (MENTAL STRESS)?
1) Headaches
2) Startles easily
3) Cries easily
4) Shaky voice
b. Does the worker use ALCOHOL or DRUGS differently?
1) Drinks too much
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2) Smells of alcohol
3) Preoccupied with drinking or drugs
4) Gulps drinks, especially first couple
5) Encourages others to use
c. Does the worker show or report signs of FATIGUE?
1) Sleepiness – yawning, tired eyes, legs
2) Decreased energy level
3) Feeling of malaise or lack of motivation, verbalizes or shows no desire and/or lack of
interest in activity
4) Restlessness/fidgeting
5) Lethargic, listless or disinterested in surroundings
6) Poor Pallor (color), bluish/gray around mouth and lips
7) Shortness of breath/dizziness/pain/signs of extreme stress with exertion
8) Increased irritability or anxiety or impatience
d. Are you aware of changes in DAILY LIVING ROUTINE?
1) Sleep difficulties
2) Change in amount/pattern of eating
3) Rigidly follows same pattern without reason
e. Changes in worker’s general APPEARANCE?
1) Appear better/more poorly groomed
2) Walks differently (slower/stumble)
3) Change in posture
f. Have you noticed changes in the worker’s BODY or LIMBS?
1) Shaky hands or twitching
2) Weight loss/gain
3) Nail biting
4) Cold, sweaty hands
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5) Sweating, especially non-seasonal
g. Has the worker had any GASTROINTESTINAL changes (ILLNESS)?
1) Nausea/vomiting
2) Stomachaches
3) Frequent trips to bathroom
4) Excessive use of antacids, coffee/tea or other liquids, aspirin, cigarettes
h. Does the worker have any CARDIOVASCULAR difficulties?
1) Dizziness/fainting
2) Breathing irregularities
i. Have you noticed any changes in worker’s THINKING PATTERN?
1) Hallucinations (see things that aren’t there)
2) Delusions (false beliefs)
3) Bizarre or unusual ideas
2. SOCIAL INTERACTION BEHAVIOR
a. Does the worker appear LESS SOCIABLE?
1) Isolated/withdrawn
2) Smiles and talk to self
3) Refuses social contact
4) Lacks a sense of humor
5) Overly suspicious of others
6) Holds grudges/sulks
b. Has the worker become TOO SOCIABLE?
1) Talks too much with co-workers
2) Plays pranks/jokes
3) Monopolizes conversations
4) Inappropriate sex behavior
5) Flashes money
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c. Are there CHANGES IN the worker’s choice of FRIENDS?
1) Especially for breaks/lunch or transportation
2) Only those younger or easily dominated
3) Has separate set of friends just for drinking or gambling
d. Are there changes in the way OTHER WORKERS REACT to the worker?
1) Ignore or avoid
2) Get angry with
3) Become condescending
4) Complain about
5) Mistrust
e. Does the worker show more ANGER?
1) Impatient
2) Overreacts to real/imagined criticism
3) Irritable/argumentative
4) Physical fights
5) Temper outbursts
f. Does the worker try to MANIPULATE OTHERS?
1) Brags/exaggerates/show off
2) Acts naive or innocent
3) Lies
4) Borrows money
g. Have you noticed changes in the worker SPEECH BEHAVIOR & CONTENT?
1) Talks slower/faster
2) Talks more/less
3) Stammers
4) Jumps from topic to topic
5) Talks about hopeless future
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6) Preoccupied with suicide, disasters, destruction
7) Never chats about family/interests
h. Does the WORKER have more COMPLAINTS about:
1) Physical ailments
2) Back pain/muscle aches
3) Co-workers or superiors
4) Being ignored/left out
5) Family/money problems
6) Lack of privileges
7) Filling out required forms
8) Or, has stopped complaining
3. WORK PERFORMANCE BEHAVIOR
a. Work Performance Behavior
1) Is the worker ABSENT from work more than normal?
2) Unexplained or vague reasons given for the absence?
3) Reports absence due to depression, anxiety or psychological treatment.
b. Has work QUALITY or QUANTITY changed?
1) Greatly changed speed of working
2) Changed level of work involvement
c. Has the worker made more MISTAKES or BAD JUDGMENTS?
1) Has numerous accidents
2) Laughs off errors or reprimands
3) Denies mistakes
4) Unnecessarily condemns self for mistakes
d. Does the worker have more difficulty CONCENTRATING or remaining
ATTENTIVE?
1) Forgets important or obvious things
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2) Acts without thinking
3) Daydreams too much
4) Signs of dozing off
5) Difficulty following procedures
6) Startle response when addressed or with sudden noise
7) Slow or confused verbal or behavioral responding
e. Is the worker ABSENT “ON THE JOB”?
1) Wanders around the plant a lot
2) Takes excessively long breaks and lunches
3) Avoids a part of the plant because of fear
4) Gets sick while at work
f. Does the worker adhere to COMPANY POLICY?
1) Steals or damages property
2) Disregards rules
3) Bends rules
g. Have you noticed the worker becoming OVERCAUTIOUS?
1) Overreacts to normal conditions
2) Freezes or disappears in an emergency
3) Overly concerned about details/accuracy
4) Double-checks work too much
h. Has the worker become OVERZEALOUS?
1) Never takes breaks
2) Comes to work early
3) Hangs around after shift
4) Volunteers for excessive amounts of overtime
i. Does the worker engage in a lot of RISK-TAKING?
1) Drives recklessly
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2) Operates equipment carelessly on or off the job
3) Shows poor judgment in dangerous physical activities
4) Gambles a lot
j. Has the worker’s COOPERATION with CO-WORKERS changes?
1) Refuses to share equipment/information
2) Refuses to take directions
3) Refuses to accept help from others
XI. Reporting behavior problems and FFD concerns and the ability to initiate
appropriate actions, including referral to the EAP and persons designated
by the licensee to receive FFD concerns
A. When a behavioral problem is detected immediate reporting to a supervisor and security is required.
The primary concern is to preclude actions that could be detrimental to the individual, other workers, or
plant safety. Refer to SY-AA-103-513, “Behavioral Observation Program.”
B. Individuals are responsible for reporting to their:
1. supervisor and security, any arrests, criminal charges, convictions or proceedings. Individuals are
required to report this on their first day back to work and/or in-processing activities subsequent to
any arrests, criminal charges, convictions or proceedings.
2. supervisor any observed behavior indicating degradation in performance, impairment or change in
behavior. This may include the taking of medication, signs of fatigue, mental stress, illness, or any
other condition.
3. supervisor when an individual is exhibiting unusual or aberrant behavior that may constitute an
unreasonable risk to the health and safety of the public, including a potential threat to commit
radiological sabotage.
4. supervisor when an individual has an unusual interest in or predisposition towards security or
operations activities outside the scope of ones normal work assignments, or frequent unexplained
absences from work assignments.
XII. Contributors to worker fatigue and its symptoms, circadian variations in
alertness and performance, indications and risk factors for common
disorders, shift work strategies for obtaining adequate rest, and the
effective use of fatigue counter measures
A. Principle Factors that Contribute to Worker Fatigue:
1. Individuals should be knowledgeable of causes and the impact of fatigue in the workplace as well
as methods to counter symptoms. Knowledge of these topics is necessary to ensure that individuals
are able to:
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a. Self-manage fatigue that is caused by shift work and factors other than work hours;
b. Take actions to maintain their alertness at work; and
c. Recognize and seek treatment for sleep disorders that might be creating fatigue or making their
own fatigue more severe.
B. Symptoms of fatigue include:
1. Yawning
2. Red eyes
3. Prolonged/excessive blinking
4. Irritability
5. Sleepiness
6. Difficulty concentrating
7. Apathy
8. Increased reaction time to stimulus
9. Slowing of higher level mental functioning
10. Decreased vigilance
11. Memory problems
12. Increased errors while performing tasks
C. Contributors to Decreased Alertness and Increased Worker Fatigue:
1. Task demands such as:
a. Repetitiveness
b. High cognitive demands (high mental focus)
c. Heightened level of required attention
d. Sedentary (sitting or being inactive)
e. Lack of social interaction
2. Environmental conditions such as:
a. High heat and humidity
b. Poor lighting
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c. Low frequency noise
D. Physical Fatigue is present:
1. When an individual’s diminished physical capability is due to overexertion; or
2. A brief physical work load that is excessive and the resulting fatigue degrades physical task
performance.
E. Circadian variations in alertness and performance is:
1. The normal, inherent, unavoidable, 24-hour rhythms in human
information processing and physical performance
2. Most of these circadian rhythms fluctuate between a high point
late in the day to a low point in the pre-dawn hours and are
mostly exemplified by:
a. Night work; and
b. Shift work
F. Acute Fatigue – can either be physical or mental and builds up normally and unavoidably within one
waking period.
G. Cumulative Fatigue – can either be physical or mental and builds up across major waking periods
when there is inadequate recovery (due to inadequate sleep) between the waking periods.
H. Chronic Fatigue – may set in after several weeks or months of cumulative fatigue. Its symptoms are
similar to those of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS):
1. The desire to sleep;
2. Apathy (apathy: a lack of interest or concern / a lack of feeling or emotion);
3. Substantial impairment in short-term memory or concentration;
4. Muscle pain;
5. Multi-joint pain without swelling or redness;
6. Headaches of a new type, pattern or severity;
7. Un-refreshing sleep; and
8. Post-exertional malaise lasting more than 24 hours. (Post-exertional malaise: A deep fatigue &
exhaustion)
I. Physiological changes that follow a daily pattern
1. An individual’s ability to perform and remain alert is influenced by physiological changes that
follow a daily pattern.
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2. Humans are hard-wired with a genetically-determined biological need for sleep and with a
circadian pacemaker that programs us to sleep at night and to be awake during the day, on a 24hour
schedule.
3. Sleep is a complex, active physiological state that is vital to human survival.
4. When an individual is deprived of sleep, the response is sleepiness, which is the brain’s signal to
prompt an individual to obtain sleep.
5. When deprived of sleep (acutely or chronically), the human brain can spontaneously, in an
uncontrolled fashion, shift from wakefulness to sleep in order to meet its physiological need for
sleep.
6. Twenty-four hour operations challenge these basic physiological principles.
a. Individuals may be trying to work when the brain is programmed to be asleep, during the
circadian low-point in alertness and performance capacity.
b. Conversely, individuals may be trying to sleep when the brain is programmed to be awake;
leading to sleep loss and poor sleep quality, which further degrades alertness and performance
capacity.
7. Shift work, altered and changing work schedules, crossing time zones, long hours of continuous
wakefulness, and sleep loss can create sleep and circadian disruptions that degrade waking
function.
8. This results in fatigue and sleepiness while driving, monitoring equipment; degraded vigilance and
decision making; and a wide range of other performance effects that can erode the safety margin in
operational settings.
J. Two Common Sleep Disorders:
1. Sleep Apnea - A temporary suspension of breathing occurring repeatedly during sleep that often
affects overweight people or those having an obstruction in the breathing tract, an abnormally small
throat opening, or a neurological disorder.
2. Insomnia - Chronic inability to fall asleep or remain asleep for an adequate length of time.
K. Indications and Risk Factors for Common Sleep Disorders:
1. Extended work and/or Commuting Periods;
2. Split-Shift Work Schedules
3. Sleep/Work Periods Conflicting with Circadian Rhythms;
4. Changing or Rotating Work Schedules;
5. Lack of Rest or Nap Periods;
6. Sleep Disruptions;
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7. Inadequate Exercise Opportunities;
8. Poor Diet; and
9. Environmental Stressors
L. Shift-work strategies for obtaining adequate rest:
1. Minimize sleep loss; it is important not to begin a new work schedule with an existing sleep debt
(normally requires 2 nights of unrestricted sleep);
2. Take naps; minimize to 30 minutes (only allowed during non-paid work time in designated areas
when in a work status);
3. Develop good sleep habits; a regular pre-sleep routine can condition relaxation in preparation for
falling asleep (physical and mental relaxation techniques such as meditation, yoga and progressive
muscle relaxation can be used); and
4. Understand the affects of food, alcohol and exercise; being hungry or eating too much may
interfere with falling asleep as well as the use of nicotine or caffeine; alcohol produces easily
disrupted, lighter sleep and suppresses REM (rapid eye movement); regular exercise may enhance
deep sleep but avoid strenuous exercise within 6 hours of going to bed.
M. Countermeasures that can be used at Home:
1. Adequate Sleep is the best way to prevent or resolve fatigue
a. Create a comfortable sleep environment at home; get a comfortable mattress; adjust heating
and cooling as needed and get in habit of sleeping 8 hours per night;
b. Napping (only allowed during non-paid work time in designated areas) and should be less than
30 minutes. Longer naps produce sleep inertia, which is counterproductive.
c. Anchor sleep is 4 hours of sleep at the same time each day used when a normal 8-hour sleep
cannot be achieved (effect when changing from shift to shift)
2. Being mindful of effects of medications
N. Countermeasures that can be used at Work:
1. Strategic caffeine use to help work through decreased alertness
2. Social interaction and active involvement in conversation
3. Physical activity such as stretching and isometric exercises
Page 34 of 178

4. Consume well-balanced meals and plan ahead for nutritious snack food (simple carbohydrates can
cause “sugar highs” followed by lows that cause decreased alertness)
Samples of simple stretches – don’t do
anything that would hurt you or
nearby equipment!
O. Exelon Procedure LS-AA-119, Fatigue Management and Work Hour Limits describes Exelon's
program for preventing and dealing with conditions of worker fatigue. It implements requirements for
managing fatigue and controlling work hours in accordance with 10 CFR 26, Subpart I, "Managing
Fatigue." The requirements of this procedure are intended to provide reasonable assurance that worker
fatigue will be avoided and that all individuals will be able to safely perform their duties and maintain
the health and safety of the public.
1. Specifically, it implements the following:
a. Work hour limits for individuals performing work subject to 10 CFR 26.205, "Work hours,"
b. The process for managing fatigue,
c. The process used to schedule, track, and calculate work hours,
d. The conditions and process used to authorize a waiver of work hour limits, and
e. The training, records, reporting, and review requirements.
2. The fatigue management component of the procedure applies to ALL individuals with unescorted
access to a nuclear Power Reactor site.
a. Key aspects of the procedure include:
1) The ability of an individual to declare fatigue under the requirements of 10CFR26, at which
time the individual will be removed fro m covered duties and be formally assessed for
fatigue.
2) The requirement for individuals to undergo a formal, documented fatigue assessment under
the following conditions:
a) A declaration of fatigue
b) In response to an observed condition of impaired alertness creating a reasonable
suspicion the individual is NOT fit for duty
c) In response to an event requiring post-event drug and alcohol testing
d) To follow-up after a “for cause” assessment or before a worker returns to work after
self-declaration and a break of less than 10 hrs
Page 35 of 178

3. The work hour limits component of the procedure applies to individuals who operate of work on
equipment that is analyzed as risk significant. Key aspects to this component include:
XIII. Summary
a. Defined maximum working hours
b. Required minimum breaks
c. Required minimum days off
d. Formal process for waiving any of the work hour/break/days off limits
e. A formal process for reviewing working hours actually worked by covered workers for
compliance with the rules.
A. You are expected to be fit for duty by being neither mentally no physically impaired from any cause
that could adversely affect safe, competent job performance.
B. Impairments may be the results of physical illness, mental stress/illness, improper diet, substance
abuse, or fatigue.
C. Workers shall abstain from consuming alcohol for at least five hours before scheduled work and long
enough to ensure blood alcohol content (BAC) is less than 0.04 percent upon arrival on company
property.
D. Keep your supervisor informed of any medication or other substances that could affect job
performance.
E. Do not use or possess someone else’s prescription drugs.
F. Report all arrests, charges pending resolution or detentions by authorities for any violation of law, other
than minor traffic violations.
G. The primary parts of the Company AA & FFD Program are background investigation/reinvestigation,
psychological assessment/reassessment, criminal history inquiry, chemical testing, behavior
observation, reporting of arrests, training, and employee assistance program.
H. Over-the-counter or prescribed medication brought on company property must be kept in its original
container, do not mix medications in the same container. The name on the bottle must match the name
of the individual possessing it.
I. Substance abusers negatively impact both business and the public.
J. Do not sell, use or possess illegal substances on or off company property.
K. Report to a supervisor or security if you notice unusual behavior or suspect substance abuse by another
worker.
L. For Cause chemical testing may be conducted as soon as practical after a behavioral issue is
determined such as possible substance abuse or odor of alcohol; or, after an event involving human
error that may have caused or contributed to the event.
Page 36 of 178

M. Random chemical testing is conducted at various unannounced times during the day, night, weekends,
and holidays.
N. The chemical testing process screens for the following substances: alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, opiates,
phencyclidine, and amphetamines. Urinalysis will be used for all substances except alcohol. The
company limit is 0.04% blood alcohol concentration (BAC).
O. Use of prescription medication or commonly purchased over-the-counter drugs, such as sedatives,
appetite suppressants, analgesics and cold medicines may have an impact on testing.
P. If you violate the FFD policy, you can be terminated, have your unescorted access denied, and
company employees will be referred to EAP.
Q. Personnel whose fitness for duty is questionable shall be immediately removed from work activities
and escorted at all times. Security is to be notified.
R. The Medical Review Officer is responsible for:
1. reviewing all positive test results and recommending individuals to the EAP.
2. evaluates documentation provided by EAP and Access Authorization group to recommend if an
individual can be considered trustworthy and reliable for the purpose of granting and/or
maintaining unescorted access authorization.
3. recommends follow-up testing as a result of a positive drug or alcohol test or for any other concern
to verify continued abstinence from the use of substances.
S. The FFD Staff oversees the Fitness For Duty Program and ensures compliance with various
regulations.
T. The Human Resource organization serves as the confidential communication link between Exelon
Nuclear Security and Company employees for Access and Fitness For Duty issues.
U. Employee Assistance Program provides assessment, short-term counseling, and treatment monitoring
for FFD related issues for Exelon employees.
V. For additional information on the company’s EAP, see your supervisor. To obtain information or get
help, contact the EAP staff directly.
W. Individuals should be knowledgeable of causes of worker stress in the workplace.
X. Individuals have many rights, roles and responsibilities under the Fitness For Duty Program.
Y. Managers and supervisors have the responsibility for the continued observation of assigned individuals
and initiating action for degraded behavior that could affect the safety and reliability of the plant.
Z. Narcotics are used medically to relieve pain and to treat diarrhea.
AA. Individuals under the influence of stimulants may experience increased alertness or excitation.
BB. Alcohol is an example of a depressant.
Page 37 of 178

CC. Cocaine is an example of a stimulant.
DD. Drug sales may take as little time as it takes to shake hands.
EE. Behavior which varies from normal behavior is termed aberrant.
FF. Possible signs of aberrant behavior include unusual interest in or predisposition towards security or
operations activities outside the scope of their normal work assignments; uncharacteristic absences
from work; and unusual views or opinions that might be directly or indirectly threatening to a nuclear
facility.
GG. When a behavioral problem is detected, immediate reporting to a supervisor and security is required.
HH. Supervisors should document any changes in employee behavior-related job performance.
II. Supervisors must conduct and document a supervisory review on an annual basis for each individual
with unescorted access authorization/unescorted access, maintained for 365 consecutive days.
JJ. Fatigue is influenced by task demands and environmental conditions.
KK. Circadian variations in alertness and performance is the normal, inherent, unavoidable, 24-hour
rhythms in human information processing and physical performance.
LL. Acute fatigue can either be physical or mental and builds up normally and unavoidably within one
waking period.
MM. Cumulative fatigue can either be physical or mental and builds up across major waking periods when
there is inadequate recovery (due to inadequate sleep) between waking periods.
NN. Chronic fatigue may set in after several weeks or months of cumulative fatigue.
OO. Shift-work strategies for obtaining adequate rest are naps, good sleeping habits, improve sleeping
environment, and understanding the effects of food and exercise.
PP. Fitness For Duty related questions should be referred to your supervisor, the Medical Review Officer
(MRO), Human Resources, or EAP.
Page 38 of 178

Course/Program: General Employee Training Module/LP ID: Station Org. &
Administration
Title:
! Exelon Station Organization and
Administration
Page 39 of 178
Course Code:
N-N-GRP1I
N-N-GRP1R
N-N-GRP2I
N-N-GRP2R
Author: S. Morse Revision/Date: 3, 07/07
Prerequisites: None Revision By: C. Knox
Est. Teach Time: 30 minutes
From memory and in accordance with this lesson material, the trainee shall be able to:
Objective # Objective Description
1. State the function of the following station departments:
a. Operations
b. Maintenance
c. Radiation Protection
d. Training
e. Security
f. Nuclear Oversight
g. Emergency Preparedness/Emergency Planning
h. Occupational Safety and Health/Safety Committee/Industrial Safety
2.
3.
4.
5.
State individual responsibilities regarding the following policies:
a. operating station equipment
b. working on station equipment without authorization
c. reporting problems for resolution
d. complying with radiation protection and security rules
e. smoking on company property
f. reading materials that are not related to the design, operation, or
maintenance of the station.
State the company policy regarding procedure compliance and use of controlled
documents.
State individual responsibilities regarding station cleanliness and housekeeping.
Identify steps involved with self-checking and conditions that require self-checking.
References:
NEI 03-04, “PADS Guidelines for Plant Access Training”
" Copyright 2000 by Exelon Nuclear, All Rights Reserved. Permission for reproduction and use is reserved for Exelon Nuclear.
(Any other use or reproduction is expressly prohibited without the express permission of Exelon Nuclear.)

I. Introduction
A. Overview
1. Exelon is committed to assuring the supply of electricity to its customers. To do this, nuclear
generating stations have been established.
2. Nuclear generating stations use uranium fuel pellets to produce the steam for generating electricity.
3. Highlighted portions of this lesson plan are Exelon specific material not covered in NEI 03-04.
B. Purpose
1. The purpose of this training is to provide station organization and administrative information to
prepare the worker to work in a safe environment.
C. Objectives
D. Statement of Evaluation
1. Students will be evaluated by answering questions given on the examination with an accuracy of
80% or better.
II. Functions
A. Operations
1. The operations department operates the station by performing activities such as:
B. Maintenance
a. Operating station equipment
b. Placing protective tags
c. Approving most types of station work
d. Controlling reactor power
1. The maintenance department keeps the station in good operating condition. It performs activities
such as:
a. Repairing station equipment such as:
1) instruments
2) pumps
3) valves
4) security equipment
Page 40 of 178

5) motors
b. Performing preventive maintenance on equipment.
C. Radiological Protection
1. The radiation protection department assists workers in minimizing personnel radiological exposure
and the spread of radioactive contamination. It performs activities such as:
D. Training
a. Monitoring various areas of the station for radiation levels.
b. Controlling access and work in radiation, airborne contamination, and contaminated areas.
c. Preparing Radiation Work Permits.
d. Controlling access to and from the Radiologically Controlled Area (RCA).
1. The training department assists with training and supports the line organization in qualifying
personnel to perform the tasks necessary in their job. Training performs activities such as:
E. Security
a. Working with the station departments in setting up training programs for station personnel.
b. Presenting training courses.
c. Maintaining training and qualification records.
1. The security department protects the station from nuclear sabotage. Security performs activities
such as:
a. Controlling access to and from the protected area.
b. Controlling the issue of all badges for site access.
c. Controlling security doors within the station.
F. Nuclear Oversight
1. This department spot checks the quality level in the station to ensure it meets certain standards and
codes. It performs activities such as:
a. Monitoring station activities to ensure they are done correctly.
b. Performing program reviews to confirm they are being done according to station procedures.
c. Inspecting safety-related parts and supplies to verify they meet all requirements.
Page 41 of 178

G. Emergency Preparedness/Emergency Planning
1. This department ensures adequate plans and trained personnel are available to protect the health
and safety of the general population in case of a station emergency.
H. Occupational Safety and Health/Safety Committee/Industrial Safety
1. The function of this department is to provide oversight of the industrial safety program. It performs
activities such as:
a. Checking air quality.
b. Evaluating industrial accidents.
c. Evaluating heat stress concerns.
III. Individual Responsibilities
A. Each individual must comply with company policies such as:
1. Operating station equipment only when qualified, and authorized by the control
room, and specifically by procedure.
2. Getting all work on station equipment authorized prior to starting.
3. Issue Reports, part of the CAP (Corrective Actions Program) are used to report, document and
evaluate problems at the sites.
4. Comply with all Radiation Protection and Security rules established by those groups, whether the
rules are written or verbal (includes postings and signs).
5. Use of all tobacco products is permitted in specifically designated areas only.
6. Only authorized material shall be read during work periods. For the policy on reading personal or
non-technical material, consult your supervisor.
7. Understanding possible consequences of vandalism, tampering or sabotage under Section 2284,
Title 42 USC which makes it illegal to destroy or knowingly cause physical damage to a
commercial nuclear power plant licensed by the NRC. It is also illegal to tamper with or make
unauthorized use of plant equipment in order to intentionally cause an interruption of normal plant
operations. Persons who do so, or who conspire or attempt to do, shall be fined not more than
$10,000 or imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or they may be imprisoned for life if a death
results.
8. Understanding that acts of casual tampering or malicious damage to “send a message” will not be
tolerated within a Nuclear Power Plant and can lead to serious consequences for those involved.
Regardless of the motive for such actions, these types of events can result in criminal prosecution,
loss of access to all Nuclear Power Plants, and possible imprisonment. Workers need to be aware of
this potential and if any suspicious activity is observed report the activity to security immediately.
Page 42 of 178

IV. Procedure Compliance
A. All work in the station is to be performed in accordance with an approved work document. Approved
documents include procedures, maintenance work packages, station modification packages, radiation
work permits, and others. If a task cannot be performed in accordance with the approved document:
1. Stop the work.
2. Place the job in a safe condition.
3. Contact your supervisor.
4. Resolve the problem.
B. Individuals are responsible for:
1. Verifying only the latest approved revision of the document (procedure, drawing, manual, etc.) is
being used to perform the work.
2. Reviewing the document prior to performing the task.
3. Verifying all necessary tools and parts are available.
V. Housekeeping
A. Each individual is expected to keep his/her own workspace as neat as possible and to clean up after
completing a job in the station. The goal should be to leave an area cleaner than it was found. If a
housekeeping problem is discovered that cannot be resolved, contact your supervisor.
VI. Self-Checking
A. Self-checking is a mental process that is used anytime a task is about to be performed
that could have adverse consequences if done incorrectly. Self-checking ensures the
correct action is being taken on the correct component.
Page 43 of 178

B. The steps involved with this process are as follows:
top Stop - Plan and Prepare
hink Think about what you are supposed to
be performing.
ct Perform the Action
eview Verify the response was correct for the
action taken.
C. Some examples of where self-checking should be used are:
1. Manipulating a valve or component
2. Connecting test equipment
3. Opening panel doors
4. Entering Radiologically Controlled Areas (RCAs).
VII. Summary
A. The operations department operates the station by performing activities such as:
1. Operating station equipment.
2. Placing protective tags.
3. Approving most types of station work.
4. Controlling reactor power.
B. The maintenance department keeps the Station in good operating condition.
C. The Radiation Protection Department assists workers in minimizing personnel radiological exposure
and the spread of radioactive contamination.
D. The training department assists with training and supports the line organization in qualifying personnel
to perform the tasks necessary in their job.
E. The security department protects the station from nuclear sabotage.
Page 44 of 178

F. To ensure quality standards are being met, the following are performed by Nuclear Oversight:
1. Monitoring station activities to ensure they are done correctly.
2. Performing program reviews to confirm they are being done according to station procedures.
3. Inspecting safety-related parts and supplies to verify they meet all requirements.
G. Safety activities involve the following:
1. Checking air quality.
2. Evaluating industrial accidents.
3. Evaluating heat stress concerns.
H. Each individual must comply with company policies.
I. All work in the station is to be performed in accordance with an approved work document.
J. Each individual is expected to keep his/her own workspace as neat as possible and to clean up after
completing a job in the station.
K. Self-checking is a mental process that is used anytime a task is about to be performed that could have
adverse consequences if done incorrectly.
Page 45 of 178

Course/Program: General Employee Training Module/LP ID: Nuclear Power Station
Overview
Title: ! Exelon Nuclear Power Station Overview Course Code: N-GRP1I N-GRP2R
N-GRP2I N-GRP2R
Author: Silvia Morse Revision/Date: 3, 07/05
Prerequisites: None Revision By: G. Kiss
The trainee shall be able to:
OBJECTIVES
Page 46 of 178
Est. Teach Time: 30 minutes
Objective # Objective Description
1 Given a drawing of the site, identify locations of major station buildings, including:
#$ Turbine building
#$ Reactor building or Auxiliary
#$ Security access points
#$ Radiologically Controlled Areas
#$ Emergency assembly areas
#$ Drug screening reporting site
2 Describe the basic process used to produce electricity at a nuclear facility.
3
Identify the appropriate communication system to be used for:
#$ Reporting emergencies
#$ Locating an individual in the station
#$ Lengthy discussions
References:
NEI 03-04, “PADS Guidelines for Plant Access Training”
I. Introduction
A. Overview
1. A nuclear generation station contains numerous buildings and areas that house the equipment and
personnel necessary to operate the station.
2. Upon completion of this section, you should be able to identify major station buildings and how the
station works.
" Copyright 2000 by Exelon Nuclear, All Rights Reserved. Permission for reproduction and use is reserved for Exelon Nuclear.
(Any other use or reproduction is expressly prohibited without the express permission of Exelon Nuclear.)

3. Highlighted portions of this lesson plan are Exelon specific material not covered in NEI 03-04.
B. Purpose
1. The purpose of this training is to provide information on the layout of major station buildings and
how the station works.
C. Objectives
D. Statement of Evaluation
1. Students will be evaluated by answering questions given on the examination with an accuracy of
80% or better. Testing is not required on the first objective.
II. Site Layout
A. A nuclear generating station contains numerous buildings and areas that house equipment and personnel
necessary to operate the station. Some of these buildings and areas are:
1. The Turbine Building
This building houses the main turbine, the generator, and support equipment such as the main
condenser and condensate pumps.
2. The Reactor Building or Auxiliary Building.
Dependent on the type of nuclear reactor (Pressurized Water or Boiling Water) these buildings may
house the nuclear reactor, isolation valves, reactor instrumentation, and safety related equipment.
a. Secondary Containment
The primary purpose of secondary containment is to confine the leakage of airborne radioactive
materials from the primary containment.
In Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) the reactor building completely encloses the reactor and its
primary containment. The structure is “double” containment during operation, when the primary
containment is closed and in service. It becomes the “single” or “primary” containment in
outages when the primary containment is open.
In Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs), the containment building completely encloses the
reactor. This structure has airlock doors as described below that are interlocked to prevent both
doors from being open at the same time (during reactor operation.).
In addition, the Auxiliary Building contains all the radioactive and contaminated support
systems.
b. Secondary Containment Access Doors – used in BWRs
The secondary containment access doors are operated like normal doors, except that in order to
open a door, all associated interlocked (or airlock) doors must be closed. The secondary
containment doors are electrically interlocked. When entering or exiting the secondary
containment, personnel need to insure that only one door in the set is open. Warning lights
Page 47 of 178

located by the door indicate the status of the other door. When the light is on, the other door is
open and the door being accessed cannot be opened. Unless directed otherwise, do not attempt
to push or pull doors closed. If the air lock is engaged, this can cause damage to the door.
NOTE: Oyster Creek has windows in the doors. They do not use lights.
c. Secondary Containment Negative Pressure
Under normal and accident conditions, the secondary containment is maintained at a slightly
negative pressure. This minimizes radioactive releases during normal operations and optimizes
dispersal during accident conditions.
The Auxiliary Building at PWRs is maintained at a slightly negative pressure as described
above.
3. Security Access Points
Security Access Points are the only places where you may enter the protected areas of the site. You
must pass through security and comply with proper security requirements at all times. The most
common security access points are located in the security guard house known as the Main Access
Facility (MAF).
4. Radiologically Controlled Areas
The Radiologically Controlled Area (RCA) is the part of the plant that contains radiological areas
and is restricted to those personnel who have completed the Radiation Worker Training level of
NGET.
5. Drug Screening Reporting Site
All personnel requiring unescorted access to a Nuclear facility or certain specified emergency
reporting centers must participate in the Fitness for Duty program. This program requires Pre-
Access, For Cause, and Random Fitness for Duty testing.
*Site maps are located in Exelon Site Specific Study Guide(s).
III. Electrical Generating Process
A. Basic Operation
1. The basic operation of the power station involves the
conversion of nuclear energy into electricity. To understand
this process, you need to look at how nuclear energy is
converted to thermal energy, thermal energy to mechanical
energy, mechanical energy to electrical energy.
2. Nuclear energy is energy released from the fission process.
Fission occurs when a neutron strikes the nucleus of a uranium
atom. The atom will usually split into two smaller atoms and
release additional neutrons, which continue the chain reaction.
Page 48 of 178

3. When a uranium atom fissions or splits, energy is released in the form of heat and radiation which
heats water to produce steam. The steam causes the main turbine, and the generator attached, to spin
(mechanical energy) producing the electricity the company supplies to customers.
B. Reactor Designs
1. Boiling Water Reactor (BWR)
a. In a Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), the operator uses
control rods which contain boron to interrupt the fission
process.
b. The amount of water flowing through the reactor core
can also be changed to control this fission process.
c. A BWR uses a single loop system in which the water actually boils in the reactor core. The
resulting steam is piped directly to the turbine through main steam pipes. The steam is
radioactive because it actually touches the reactor core.
d. The steam turns the turbine rotors which powers the generator and the generator produces
electricity.
e. The steam is then cooled in a condenser and returned to the reactor core to begin the cycle again.
2. Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)
a. A Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) controls the
fission process by using control rods and by
controlling the amount of soluble boron in the primary
water.
b. The water which circulates through the reactor core is
called primary water. It is kept at a high pressure to prevent it from boiling.
c. The heat is transferred through tubes in a steam generator which contains secondary water where
steam is created.
d. Water in the reactor and water in the steam generator that is turned into steam never mix. The
steam is NOT radioactive because it does not directly touch the reactor core.
e. The steam is piped through the turbine where it is condensed and filtered and returned to the heat
exchanger to repeat the cycle.
IV. Communication Systems
A. As with any large industrial complex, there are several types of communication systems.
B. Station emergencies shall be reported to the Control Room.
C. The Public Address (PA) system is for official business only. The PA system provides the capability to
locate individuals and make important announcements from a limited number of locations in the station.
Page 49 of 178

D. Some stations may use the in-station radio or cellular system as a communication system.
E. The telephone system is provided for lengthy business discussions between employees.
F. Refer to the Exelon Site Specific Study Guide(s) for information regarding communication systems.
V. SUMMARY
A. Some of the buildings and areas contained in a nuclear generating station are:
1. The Turbine Building
2. The Reactor Building / Auxiliary Building
a. Secondary Containment
3. Security Access Points
4. Radiologically Controlled Areas
5. Drug Screening Reporting Site
B. Nuclear energy is released from the fission process.
C. The Boiling Water Reactor and the Pressurized Water Reactor are two types of nuclear power station
reactors.
D. Examples of communication systems are the Public Address system, in-station radio system and the
telephone system.
Page 50 of 178

Exelon West
Braidwood Byron Clinton
Dresden LaSalle Quad Cities
Exelon East
Limerick Oyster Creek Peach Bottom
Three Mile Island
Page 51 of 178

Course/Program: General Employee Training Module/LP ID: Nuclear Security
Title: ! Exelon Nuclear Security Course Code: N-N-GRP1I
N-N-GRP2I
N-N-GRP1R
N-N-GRP2R
Author: S. Morse Revision/Date: 6 – 08/08
Prerequisites: None Revision By: C. Knox/J. Hayward
OBJECTIVES
Page 52 of 178
Est. Teach Time: 1 hour
From memory and in accordance with this lesson material, the trainee shall be able to:
Objective # Objective Description
1. State the basic purpose of the Security program.
2. Identify areas of the station that are controlled by Security including the ownercontrolled
area, protected area, and vital areas.
3. Recognize the types and purpose of each type of photo identification badge used at
the station and where it will be worn, and actions taken if lost or found.
4. Identify materials/items that are prohibited and when searches are performed.
5. Describe procedure for entering and exiting the station (protected area and vital
doors).
6. State the policies involved with escorting visitors.
7. Identify possible Security violations and their consequences.
8. State the Security roles and responsibilities for both the Security Guard Force and for
all station workers.
9. Identify and discuss the usage of Safeguards information.
" Copyright 2008 by Exelon Nuclear, All Rights Reserved. Permission for reproduction and use is reserved for Exelon Nuclear.
(Any other use or reproduction is expressly prohibited without the express permission of Exelon Nuclear.)

References:
NEI 03-04, PADS Guidelines for Plant Access Training
SY-AA-101-130, Security Responsibilities for Station Personnel
SY-AA-101-113, Escorting Personnel and Vehicles
SY-AA-101-106, Control and Classification of Safeguards Information
Exelon Security Procedures (SY series)
I. Introduction
A. Overview
1. Exelon is committed to ensuring that the health and safety of the public and workers are protected
against acts of radiological sabotage.
2. Upon completion of this section, you should be able to comply with station security program
requirements.
3. Highlighted portions of this lesson plan are Exelon specific material not covered in NEI 03-04.
B. Purpose
1. The purpose of this training is to provide information on station security program requirements so
that the health and safety of the worker and public are protected against radiological sabotage.
C. Objectives
D. Statement of Evaluation
1. Students will be evaluated by answering questions given on the examination with an accuracy of
80% or better.
II. PURPOSE
A. The purpose of the security program is to assure the protection of the health and safety of the public.
This is accomplished by:
1. Protection against radiological sabotage.
2. Protection of station personnel.
3. Protection of company assets.
Page 53 of 178

III. THE BASIC SECURITY AREAS
A. The basic security areas are the:
1. OWNER CONTROLLED AREA
a. This is the property associated with the station owned by the company. Access is normally
limited to persons entering for official business.
b. Individuals, property, and vehicles within the owner controlled area are subject to search at
anytime.
2. PROTECTED AREA
a. An enclosed area into which access is controlled. Access requires a badge issued by Security.
3. The VITAL AREA
a. An area that contains equipment essential to the safe operation of the station.
b. Access to a vital area is allowed only if an individual has been authorized access.
c. Entry and exit is controlled by keycard readers.
B. Any activity that will breach the integrity (boundary) of the protected or a vital area must be approved
by Security in advance of performing the work. If an opening in a security boundary (doors, fences,
equipment hatches, penetration of floor, ceiling or wall) is discovered, notify Security immediately.
IV. SECURITY BADGES
A. The station uses security badges for access and identification purposes.
B. A security badge is an electronic key to various areas of the station.
C. You will be responsible for the control and custody of your security badge at all times.
D. Display your security badge on the upper front portion of your body, above the waist and below the
neck, outside of the outermost garment so that the badge is clearly visible at all times.
1. Do not apply/affix stickers or labels of any type to the security badge.
2. In situations where the security badge may be easily lost, contaminated, or become a safety hazard,
use alternate methods of control:
a. When performing activities associated with any of the following situations (including, but not
limited to): contaminated areas, foreign material exclusion (FME), confined spaces, rotating
equipment, exposed electrical currents, or fire brigade duties (one of the following badge
control methods is acceptable):
1) Place the security badge under outermost clothing on a badge neck strap or attached to
personal clothing.
Page 54 of 178

2) Place the security badge inside the pocket of protective clothing and close the flap.
b. If challenged, then present the security badge to verify authorized access to the area.
c. If the area is posted, then a member of the security organization may be designated to collect
and control security badges during high traffic periods.
d. Showering (one of the following badge control methods is acceptable):
1) Place the security badge on a strap around your neck.
2) Secure (lock) the security badge in a locker while showering.
E. If you lose your security badge, IMMEDIATELY notify Security and wait for Security Officer to
arrive.
F. If you find a security badge, IMMEDIATELY notify Security. Inform the security staff of your
location, and wait for them to arrive.
G. If you notice someone without their security badge, notify the individual and Security. Escort the
individual until Security arrives.
H. Examples of security badges are:
1. A badge that allows unescorted access to the station.
2. A visitor badge.
a. The visitor badge does not require any background investigation or training.
b. Anyone wearing a visitor badge must be escorted by an authorized individual while inside the
Protected Area.
I. For site specific information on security badges, refer to the Exelon Site Specific Study Guide(s).
V. PROHIBITED ITEMS AND SEARCHES
A. Contraband is defined as unauthorized items and materials whose normal and customary usage presents
a reasonable likelihood that it will be used to cause significant physical damage or interrupt normal
plant operations. Examples include:
1. Explosives
2. Firearms
3. Incendiary devices
4. Reasonable facsimiles of firearms
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B. Examples of items that are prohibited include:
1. Alcoholic, low-alcoholic beverages, and their empty containers
2. Illegal drugs or drug paraphernalia
3. Ammunition
4. Incapacitating agents, such as mace
5. Component parts of weapons
6. Unauthorized bows and arrows
C. Contraband and prohibited materials may NEVER be brought into the OWNER CONTROLLED
AREA.
1. Possession of any of these items on Exelon property is grounds for dismissal.
D. Three methods are used to assist in the detection of prohibited items and to help accomplish personnel
searches:
1. Explosive detectors
2. Firearms detectors
a. It is recommended that you do not bring metal items through the firearms
detector (e.g. shoes with metal components, large amounts of keys and coins, cell phones, foil
items such as gum wrappers, pagers, lottery cards, electronic automobile key fobs, cigarettes,
etc.) Containers for these items have been provided at the x-ray machines.
3. Personal searches
a. Anyone alarming the Explosive or Firearms Detectors will be searched by the security force in
accordance with station procedures.
E. Airport style x-ray machine is used to search all hand-carried items passing through the main access
facility.
1. All items passing through the x-ray must be sealed to prevent spilling.
Example items not allowed: open pop cans, travel mugs, cups with or
without lids, etc.
2. It may be necessary to open some items to determine the contents.
3. Individuals with laptop computers are required to remove the laptop from the bag and place it on
the X-ray belt.
4. To facilitate the search process, all hand-carried items containing bottles or cans should be opened
when passing through the x-ray.
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5. If it becomes necessary to hand search an item, the security guard will maintain control of the item
until the search is complete.
F. All employees, property, and vehicles on Exelon property are subject to search at any time. The
following rules apply:
1. All searches are by implied or expressed consent. Signs are posted at the entrance explaining
Company policy.
2. Any employee who refuses to be searched will not be allowed access to the Protected Area and
shall be directed to leave company property.
3. Random searches may be conducted at any time.
VI. Entering and Exiting Station (Protected Area and Vital Doors)
A. Protected / Vital Areas
1. Personnel requiring unescorted entry to protected / vital areas must possess a security badge and be
properly authorized for that area.
2. If you are not certain if you have authorization for unescorted entry into a protected / vital area,
check with Security before attempting to enter.
3. Visitors entering a protected / vital area must be escorted by an authorized individual.
4. Vital doors are easily recognized since entry/exit is controlled by Security doors equipped with
keycard readers.
a. Access is controlled by means of your Security status level.
b. If a door cannot be secured, notify Security and remain at the door until Security arrives.
c. If it is necessary for a Security door to remain open for a period longer than the time it takes to
pass through the door, contact Security first.
5. Card Reader Use is referenced in SY-AA-101-130, ”Security Responsibilities for Station
Personnel.”
a. Use your security keycard prior to using any door or turnstile equipped with a card reader.
b. Ensure a green light is received on the card reader before proceeding.
c. If a red light is received, contact Security or REMAIN at the door until Security responds.
d. If no light, a flashing red light, or a continuous yellow light, is received then RETRY your card
and CONTACT Security if this condition still exists.
e. Notify Security if your hand geometry has changed such that you are unable to obtain a match
on the Hand Geometry Biometrics System. The Hand Geometry Biometrics System “reads” an
individual’s hand geometry to ensure that the security badge keycard is being used by the
assigned person. EXAMPLES: New jewelry, broken finger, large bandages, etc.
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VII. ESCORTING VISITORS
A. If you are escorting a visitor, be sure you observe the following requirements.
1. Ensure the visitor is properly displaying the visitor badge.
2. Maintain control of the visitor at all times. Exceptions are bathrooms with only one ingress/egress
point. The ingress/egress point must be continuously observed.
3. Visitors are not allowed to enter a Radiologically Controlled Area unless authorized. Authorization
is obtained by RP.
4. Ensure the visitor follows all applicable policies and procedures.
5. Enter the protected area prior to the visitor and remain in a security area until the visitor has left the
protected area.
B. Visitors are escorted at all times when within the protected area.
1. However, at times escort responsibilities may be transferred to another badged individual.
2. Ensure the receiving person acknowledges that escort responsibilities have been transferred.
C. If you encounter a visitor without an escort, assume escort responsibilities, and contact Security
IMMEDIATELY.
D. A single escort may control up to 10 visitors in the Protected Area and up to 5 visitors in the Vital
Area. Exceptions are listed in SY-AA-101-113, “Escorting Personnel and Vehicles.”
VIII. SECURITY VIOLATIONS
A. Immediately report any observed or identified security violations (including your own) to the Security
Department.
B. "Tailgating" is when more than one individual attempts to pass through a security door or turnstile
using only one security key card.
1. Tailgating is a security violation.
2. All persons passing through a security door must log into the card reader using their own key card.
C. Other possible security violations include:
1. Attempts to bypass or defeat the ingress search equipment.
2. Holding a vital door open too long.
a. If the door is to be held open for a period of time, contact Security first.
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3. Improper closing of doors.
a. Always ensure the door closes completely after passing through, particularly if there is a
pressure difference on the two sides of the door. Challenge the door by pushing or pulling, but
do not turn door knob.
4. Unauthorized or multiple attempts to enter a security area will cause a Security alarm to sound.
a. If access is not granted on the first attempt, call Security personnel and follow their
instructions.
5. Using the card reader to enter, then failing to exit properly.
6. Keys left in an unattended vehicle.
7. Failure to comply with Security requirements may result in the denial of unescorted access and
possible disciplinary action up to, and including, termination of employment.
8. Photographs and video taping of sensitive areas/equipment/documentation (e.g., security cameras,
fencing, officer posts, defensive positions, security procedures, etc.) without the approval of Site
Security Manager or designee.
IX. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
A. Security personnel have the major responsibility for security at the station.
1. Security guards perform routine patrols and control access of personnel and
vehicles to the protected area.
2. They monitor security computer console activities and respond to security alarms.
B. All station personnel must comply with all security requirements and watch for apparent security
violations or deficiencies.
1. Any observed or known security violation or deficiency must be reported immediately to Security.
2. It is NOT your responsibility to physically restrain security violators.
3. Security must grant permission to bring any vehicle into the Protected Area.
4. If leaving a vehicle unattended in the Protected Area, the authorized operator shall keep the keys
in their possession.
5. Contact Security immediately if it is not possible to remove the ignition key.
6. An unattended vehicle with the ignition key in the vehicle is a serious security violation.
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X. SAFEGUARDS INFORMATION
A. Safeguards Information – Information not otherwise classified as National Security Information or
Restricted Data which specifically identifies a licensee’ s or applicant’s detailed, (1) security measures
for the physical protection of special nuclear material, or (2) security measures for the physical
protection and location of certain plant equipment vital to the safety of production or utilization
facilities.
1. Safeguards information is protected on a 'need to know' criterion based on
10CFR73.
2. Safeguards information is clearly marked as such at the top and bottom of
each page and may also have a cover sheet designating the item as
“SAFEGUARDS INFORMATION.”
B. When in use Safeguards Information must be under the direct control of an
authorized individual.
C. While unattended and not in use, Safeguards Information SHALL be stored in an approved locked
security storage container.
1. Desks or toolboxes are NOT adequate.
D. If you find Safeguards Information unattended, take control of it and contact Security
IMMEDIATELY. Do NOT read the information.
E. For further information on Safeguards Information, REFER to SY-AA-101-106, Control and
Classification of Safeguards Information.
XI. SUMMARY
A. he purpose of the Security Program is to protect company assets, protect against radiological sabotage,
and to protect station personnel.
B. The basic security areas are the Owner Controlled Area, Protected Area, and the Vital Area.
C. Photographs and video taping of sensitive areas/ equipment/ documentation (e.g., security cameras,
fencing, officer posts, defensive positions, security procedures, etc.) is not allowed without the
approval of Site Security Manager or designee.
D. Unescorted access to a nuclear power station requires all individuals to obtain security clearance.
E. Security personnel have the major responsibility for security at the station.
F. Display your security badge on the upper front portion of your body, above the waist and below the
neck, outside of the outermost garment so that the badge is clearly visible at all times.
G. Do not apply/affix stickers or labels of any type to the security badge.
H. In situations where the security badge may be easily lost, contaminated, or become a safety hazard, use
alternate methods of control.
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I. Alcohol, firearms, weapons, and explosives are just some of the contraband and prohibited items not
allowed on company property.
J. Signs are posted at the station explaining that employees are subject to search at any time.
K. Use your security keycard prior to using any door or turnstile equipped with a card reader.
L. All visitors must be escorted at all times when within the protected area.
M. Report all security violations to Security.
N. All station personnel must comply with all security requirements.
O. Safeguards Information – Information not otherwise classified as National Security Information or
Restricted Data which specifically identifies a licensee’ s or applicant’s detailed, (1) security measures
for the physical protection of special nuclear material, or (2) security measures for the physical
protection and location of certain plant equipment vital to the safety of production or utilization
facilities.
P. Safeguards Information shall be stored in an approved locked security storage container.
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Course/Program: General Employee Training Module/LP ID: Industrial Safety
Title: ! Exelon Industrial Safety Course Code: N-GRP1I N-GRP2I
N-GRP1R N-GRP2R
Author: S. Morse Revision/Date: 7 08/08
Prerequisites: None Revision By: C. Knox
OBJECTIVES
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Est. Teach Time: 1 Hour
From memory and in accordance with this lesson material, the trainee shall be able to:
Objective # Objective Description
1. Recall your industrial safety responsibilities regarding:
#$ Reporting of unsafe working conditions
#$ Reporting of industrial safety near-misses
#$ Reporting of work-related injuries/accidents
#$ Administration of first aid (if qualified)
#$ Adherence to safety instructions (procedures and permits)
#$ Observation of safety postings, barriers, tags, and signs
#$ Use of personal protective equipment
#$ General use of safety equipment such as eyewash stations, first aid kits, and
safety showers
2. Recognize and discuss methods for reducing risk involved with the following
potential health/industrial hazards:
#$ Use of asbestos on some Station components
#$ Lead
#$ Electrical equipment
#$ Steam leaks
#$ Confined spaces
#$ Trip and fall hazards
#$ Heat stress
#$ Compressed gases
#$ Moving/rotating equipment
High noise areas
#$ Falling objects
#$ Eye hazards
#$ Hazardous chemicals, hazardous waste, universal waste, and other regulated
waste, including where information may be obtained explaining risks, hazards,
and handling associated with a chemical or toxic substance.
! " Copyright 2000 by Exelon Nuclear, All Rights Reserved. Permission for reproduction and use is reserved for Exelon Nuclear.
(Any other use or reproduction is expressly prohibited without the express permission of Exelon Nuclear.)

Objective # Objective Description
3. Recall plant policy regarding the use of the following personal protective equipment
and state how it will be worn.
#$ Hard hats
#$ Safety glasses
#$ Hearing protection
#$ Protective footwear
#$ Hand protection
References:
NEI 03-04, “PADS Guidelines for Plant Access Training”
29CFR1910.1200
National Fire Protection Association Code/Standard 704
Exelon Safety procedures (SA series)
EN-MA-501, “Controlled Materials and Hazard Communication Program”
EN-MW-501, “Chemical Control”
HU-AA-101, “Human Performance Tools and Verification Practices”
I. Introduction
A. Overview
1. Exelon is committed to ensuring personnel safety and expects you to follow all the station’s safety
rules. There are many safety rules in the Station and all of them are intended to assist in making
the Station a safe place to work. Many of these safety rules are covered in this training.
2. Upon completion of this section, you should be able to comply with basic station industrial safety
policies, including identifying and reporting workplace hazards.
3. Highlighted portions of this lesson plan are Exelon specific material not covered in NEI 03-04.
B. Purpose
1. The purpose of this training is to provide information on how to remain safe while working in a
nuclear power Station.
C. Objectives
D. Statement of Evaluation
1. Students will be evaluated by answering questions given on the examination with an accuracy of
80% or better.
II. Individual Industrial Safety Responsibilities
A. Industrial safety is comprised of many elements. The most important of these is the individual. Station
management expects each individual to take responsibility for his/her own safety and to help keep
others safe.
1. Never bypass safeguards
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2. Always use a questioning attitude
3. Correct unsafe acts or behaviors
4. Report all injuries
#$ Immediately or as soon as possible, report all events, Industrial Safety Near Miss incidents, and
injuries to their supervisor, regardless of severity.
#$ Immediately or as soon as possible, report all incidents and injuries to Occupational Health
Services, regardless of severity.
5. Promptly report unsafe conditions
6. Perform a 2 Minute Drill @ the Job Site
a. “2 Minute Drill @ the Job Site” is a human performance tool used to ensure employees focus
on the critical aspects of a job and that job site conditions reflect those that are expected or
were discussed during the pre-job brief and that the workers are re-focused on the critical
aspects of the job immediately prior to beginning the task or re-commencing a task after a
break. The 2 Minute Drill @ the Job Site supplements, but does not supersede, pre-job briefs
or other human performance tools applicable to the task.
!" What hazards are in the area?
!" How could I get hurt?
!" Do we have the proper PPE?
!" Are our planned dose reduction techniques appropriate? (Every Millirem Counts)
!" Do we have the necessary FME tools?
!" Are we on the correct Unit/Train/Component?
!" Are the appropriate safety barriers in place/available?
!" Have all positionable components been identified within the 2 Foot Zone?
!" Are the appropriate robust operational barriers / flagging in place/available?
!" What else could go wrong?
!" Do we need to or have we changed our plan?
b. If the review determines that conditions are not what you expected and/or a plan change is
needed, then contact your Supervisor and resolve the situation prior to proceeding with the
task.
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7. Apply 2 Foot Zone Rule
a. Maintain a distance of 2 feet from positionable components in the plant to prevent inadvertent
bumping and mispositioning of components. Entry within this zone is permissible following an
appropriate pre-job brief or completed 2-minute drill at the job site. Exceptions are noted in the
governing document.
Any questions regarding Station policy should be directed to the individual’s supervisor. The
following policies are designed to assist in personnel safety.
B. Reporting Problems
1. You are responsible for recognizing unsafe working conditions in the Station. If you should
discover an unsafe working condition, correct it if you can, or report it to your supervisor. If
necessary, your supervisor will give you the proper form to get the problem resolved. A few
examples of problems that should be reported are a:
a. Missing safety sign
b. Trip or fall hazard
c. Frayed electrical cord
d. Missing guardrail or handrail
2. If you are ever involved in a “near-miss” accident (that is, you almost have an injury), report it to
your supervisor so it can be evaluated and actions taken to prevent recurrence.
3. Personnel Injuries
a. You and your supervisor are expected to work together to prevent injuries and to strive for a
safe work environment free of hazards. However, you must be prepared for the possibility of
an on-the-job injury. If there is a serious injury, your response time must be as short as
possible.
b. If you ever discover someone who is seriously ill or injured, you should immediately:
1) Call the number for reporting serious injuries/illness and inform them of the nature of the
first aid emergency. Be certain to clearly state the victim’s location.
2) Render any immediate lifesaving aid that you are qualified to perform.
3) Do not move an injured person unless under direction of trained personnel.
4) When the medical team arrives, offer assistance and then stay clear of the area.
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C. Adherence to Safety Instructions (procedures and permits)
1. Safety is the responsibility of everyone. It involves the following:
a. Using good housekeeping habits.
b. Keeping tools and other work items off floors and out of aisle ways.
c. Adhering to safety instructions, procedures, and permits.
d. Adhering to requirements for using personal protective equipment.
2. Any violation of Exelon’s safety instructions is considered a major violation of company policy
and is subject to disciplinary action up to and including termination. The individual’s supervisor
may also be subject to disciplinary action.
3. Station management expects all employees to use all applicable permits for a required task. This
includes welding, propping a fire door open, or entering a confined space. Always get the
necessary permit and authorization before starting the job. Contact your supervisor for assistance.
D. Observation of Safety Postings, Barriers, Tags and Signs
1. Signs and postings warn workers of hazards such as protected equipment, energized equipment,
confined spaces, flammable materials, and others.
2. All personnel are expected by management to read and obey industrial safety postings.
3. Safety Tags
a. Tags are another way of protecting you from potential danger, communicating special
requirements, tracking discrepancies, or providing other types of information.
b. Only qualified personnel may remove tags and operate components or systems.
c. Never hang, remove, or clear a safety tag unless it is done with the permission of the Control
Room. If a safety tag is found that is not attached to a component, or is attached to the wrong
component, notify the Control Room immediately. This could be a life-threatening situation.
d. Authorization must always be obtained from the Control Room before starting work on
equipment or components having a safety tag attached to them.
e. “Equipment Status” Tags (ESTs)
1) ESTs are used to identify temporary, abnormal equipment status
not governed by another approved status control mechanism to
ensure restoration to normal configuration. When working in the
Station, take care to read and obey any “Equipment Status” tags
you may find in an area before starting work.
2) Equipment Status Tags are NOT used for:
a) equipment or personnel protection.
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) to identify a problem that requires a Work Request.
c) to provide operational instruction in lieu of an approved procedure.
3) Do not confuse Equipment Status Tags as Do Not Operate or Danger tags. The Equipment
Status tags are used by the Operations Department for configuration control. They do NOT
provide for personal safety.
f. Clearance Process Tags (Danger, Special Condition, Information, and WTO Tracking List Tag)
1) Exelon Nuclear uses a Tagout process (Clearance) instead of a Lockout process as allowed
by the Code of Federal Regulations 29CFR1910.269.
2) Worker personal protection and control are provided by requiring personnel to attend the
pre-job brief, sign onto a Clearance (either electronically or a Worker Tracking List) before
beginning work, and sign off the Clearance (either electronically or using a Worker
Tracking List) when completing work. Workers are expected to sign off the Clearance each
day prior to leaving the facility.
3) Worker Tracking Lists (WTL):
All personnel performing work under the protection of a Clearance are required to sign on
and off of the Clearance. This ensures that the Clearance is not cleared (removed) while
personnel are still working in the zone of protection of the Clearance.
You may receive additional training to use electronic signing; if you do not, your protection
is assured by having you sign on and off of the WTL.
4) The tagout process tags do NOT physically restrain isolation points like locks. Tagout
process tags are essentially warning devices.
a) “Information Tags” are attached to plant equipment to provide clearancerelated
information. Information tags do NOT prevent Operation of
equipment.
b) “Danger Tags” clearly state “DANGER – Do Not Operate” and are used
to ensure personnel safety or to prevent equipment damage by establishing
the position of barrier valves, breakers or switches. Operating
components with “Danger Tags” attached can cause injury, death, or
equipment damage and, therefore, is grounds for disciplinary action up to
and including dismissal.
“Special Condition Tags” (SCTs) are similar to “Danger Tags” in that they
prevent manipulation of equipment while work is being performed.
However, under tightly controlled specific conditions, equipment may be
manipulated while SCTs are attached. (Applies only at Exelon East Sites.)
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c) WTO Tracking List Tag: A Tag used by workers as a physical indication to
others that they are relying on the Danger tagged component as their main
isolation point. This tag is used only for Worker Tagouts (a type of
Clearance not tracked electronically).
5) Specific departmental training will be provided to those who interface directly with the
Clearance and Tagging process.
4. Barriers and boundaries are also used in the Station to warn you of potential safety hazards.
Examples of barriers include:
a. Yellow and black or red and white safety rope
b. Railings
c. Flaggings
E. Personal Protection Equipment
1. Industrial safety experience has shown that the individual has the most control over reducing onthe-job
injuries. This experience also shows that most injuries will involve the head, feet, eyes, and
hands. For this reason, the company provides personal safety equipment and it is the expectation
that it is to be worn throughout the Station when required.
F. Safety Equipment
1. The Station contains many types of industrial hazards. In some areas of the Station, you will find
safety equipment installed near specific hazards and other equipment strategically placed for
emergency use. Examples include: first aid kits, emergency showers and eyewash stations. This
equipment should never be tampered with unless there is a real need for it.
2. Emergency showers and eyewash stations are located throughout the Station to wash
spilled chemicals off your skin and out of our eyes. These stations may consist of either
a portable or a permanent eyewash/shower. The eyewash/shower is activated by either a
foot pedal, hand lever or pull chain.
3. If you or a coworker need to use an emergency shower, contact the emergency number,
enter the shower, pull the chain, or push the lever. Stay in the shower for at least 15
minutes if chemicals are involved. If you need to use the eyewash station, place your
face near the water fountains and depress the foot/hand handle for at least 15 minutes.
4. If you are assigned to work in an area with a particular hazard, make sure you know
where the safety equipment is and how to get to it before starting the job.
G. Refer to the Exelon Site Specific Study Guide(s) for site specific information regarding
industrial safety responsibilities.
III. Health Hazards
A. Hazard Recognition
1. Understand hazards associated with the work activity.
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2. Look for hazards in the work environment.
3. Communicate hazard information to co-workers.
4. Use Lessons Learned/Operating Experience (OPEX) when performing work.
5. Be aware of changing conditions.
6. Know the appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
B. Hazard Mitigation
1. Know installed safety equipment.
2. Use PPE appropriate to the work.
3. Maintain a safe work area.
4. Stop if the work cannot be done safely.
C. Job Hazard Analysis
1. Prior to the start of potentially hazardous work, use the Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) procedure and
process to identify potential safety hazards and establish methods to mitigate the potential hazard.
D. Asbestos
E. Lead
1. Asbestos is a fiber used in the fabrication of lagging, insulation, gaskets, and
other applications.
2. Asbestos exposure can cause serious health problems and is most hazardous when it is friable. The
term “friable” means that the asbestos is easily crumbled by hand, releasing fibers into the air.
Sprayed on asbestos insulation is highly friable, while asbestos floor tile is not.
3. Asbestos-containing ceiling tiles, floor tiles, laboratory cabinet tops, shingles, fire doors, siding
shingles, etc., will not release asbestos fibers unless they are disturbed or damaged in some way. If
an asbestos ceiling tile is drilled or broken, for example, it may release fibers into the air. If it is
left alone and not disturbed, it will not release fibers. If you see damaged material that you suspect
contains asbestos, immediately leave the area and notify your supervisor.
4. Follow the station asbestos work procedures to minimize your exposure when you perform work
with asbestos containing material. Personnel must complete specialized training before being
allowed to work with asbestos containing materials or cross asbestos boundaries.
1. Lead Training
a. Employee General Awareness – Employees in the workplace where
there is a potential for an exposure to airborne lead at any level shall
be informed of the content of Appendices A and B of 29 CFR
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1910.1025. Appendices A and B are located in SA-AA-0301, “Exelon Nuclear Industrial
Safety Pocket Guide.”
b. Lead Worker Training – In addition to general awareness training, each worker exposed to an
airborne concentration of lead above the action level will receive information at least annually
concerning:
1) Specific jobs that could result in an exposure above the action level.
2) General respiratory protection.
3) Medical surveillance/removal program.
4) Use of chelating agents. (medicines used for lead poisoning)
5) Access to medical/exposure records/training materials.
6) The content of 29 CFR 1910.1025 & 29 CFR 1926.62.
2. Health and Hygiene
a. Acute Effects – Short Term Exposure
Lead is a potent poison. With large enough doses, lead can kill in a matter of days. Lead
adversely affects numerous body systems, and causes forms of impaired healing and disease
which arise after short periods of high exposure levels.
b. Chronic Effects – Long Term Exposure
Long-term exposure to low levels of lead may result in severe damage to the blood forming,
nervous, urinary and reproductive systems.
c. Hygiene
Good personal hygiene is a very significant way to reduce exposure. Lead contamination on
hands and face can pose an exposure threat by inhalation and ingestion. Remember to wash
thoroughly after handling lead.
3. Work Control
a. Lead Work Areas will be clearly identified with appropriate signs. If a material is suspected to
contain lead, do not remove it or disturb the area. Contact a supervisor before continuing work.
b. Unless otherwise determined, all paint is to be assumed lead based.
c. When using Peel-Away or similar products, if the company or lead abatement
contractor shows proof that any product containing lead or any process, operation
or activity involving lead cannot result in an employee exposure to lead at or
above the action level, initial monitoring does not need to be implemented.
d. Before removal activity of lead based paint or lead-containing materials begins, a Lead Work
Exposure Compliance Plan shall be written and implemented.
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e. For long-term projects, the Lead Work Exposure Compliance Plan must be reviewed and
updated every six months to reflect the current status of the plan. The Lead Work Exposure
Compliance Plan must be made available at the work site to employees, their representative and
OSHA.
4. Lead Exposure Control Strategy
a. SA-AA-124, Lead Removal and Exposure Control, breaks tasks down into hazard categories
that will be used to design the protective measures for workers.
1) Category 1: Tasks which have an 8-hour time-weighted average exposure less than the
action level 30 %g/m 3 .
2) Category 2: Tasks which have an 8-hour time-weighted average exposure in excess of the
action level but below the OSHA permissible exposure limit PEL of 50 %g/m 3 .
3) Category 3: Tasks, which have an 8-hour time-weighted average exposure above the PEL
50 %g/m 3 .
b. Remember, if you will be working with lead, you will need additional training.
5. Do not enter Lead Work Areas unless you are assigned to that work and have had Lead Worker
Training, in addition to this Awareness Level Training.
F. Electrical Hazards
1. Many types of electrical power are used in the Station, and both alternating and direct current can
cause injury. Electrical power used in the Station ranges from a few volts to thousands of volts.
2. Damaged electrical cords, a liquid leaking into electrical cabinets, missing ground plugs, and
exposed wiring are just a few of the potential hazards of working around electrical equipment.
Always use caution when working around any component that uses electricity.
3. If assigned to work on or around any exposed conductors or equipment that uses electricity, make
sure it is safe to do so by ensuring equipment is removed from service and safety tagged prior to
starting work.
4. Consideration should be given to hidden electrical hazards prior to performing activities such as
drilling, nailing, or spraying water on an object (example: embedded in concrete). If you need to
drill, nail, or spray water into one of these structures, make sure there aren’t any electrical
conductors in it before you start.
5. Never touch an individual who is in contact with a live electrical circuit.
6. Work activities that involve work on or in the vicinity of electrically energized gear must be
evaluated for potential hazards using the Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) procedure and process.
G. Steam Leaks
1. Steam is used in a variety of applications and pressures. Occasionally, a steam leak will develop
from a Station component such as a valve or pipe fitting. Some indications of a steam leak are:
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a. Visible vapor coming out of a Station component
b. Whistling noise
c. Increased area temperatures
d. Moisture on walls or ceiling
2. You should always use caution when in an area containing a steam leak. Steam can cause burns if
it comes in contact with your body. If you find a steam leak, report it to the Control Room.
3. Efforts are made to identify steam leaks by performing preventive and corrective maintenance and
by periodic operator inspections. When leaks are identified, they are posted with warning ropes
and signs.
H. Confined Spaces
1. Confined spaces may contain a life-threatening atmosphere. A confined space is defined as:
a. Any space not intended for continuous human occupancy and
b. Having a limited means of entry or exit and
c. Large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work.
d. No part of the body may “break the plane” of the opening as this is considered entry of a
Confined Space
2. Some examples of a potential confined space are:
a. Storage tanks
b. Ventilation or exhaust ducts
c. Manholes
d. Underground utility vaults
e. Tunnels
f. Process vessels
1) Boilers
DANGER
CONFINED SPACE
PERMIT REQUIRED
FOR ENTRY
3. Entry into a confined space is not permitted unless the requirements of the confined space permit
are met and you have completed the confined space training program.
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I. Trip and Fall Hazards
1. When working in the Station, special care must be taken regarding hazards that can cause you to
trip or fall. There are many potential hazards at the station that could cause an individual to trip or
fall. Examples are:
a. Piping, conduits, ropes, cables
b. Work on elevated equipment
c. Unsecured ladders
2. When working in a position where there is more than a 6-foot potential fall, additional fall
protection is required. Workers should check with their supervisor before using specialized
equipment. Some protective measures include:
a. Postings
J. Heat Stress
b. Fall protection equipment
c. Temporary platforms for elevated work
d. Scaffold usage
1. Some station areas can get extremely warm. The stay time, or the length of time permitted at a
work site, may be limited to protect you against heat stress. Special clothing may also be required.
2. Heat stress concerns should be discussed with your supervisor. Station procedures can provide
guidance for stay times in those areas, based upon the temperature and humidity.
3. You can minimize the risk of heat stress illness by:
a. Drinking plenty of fluids
b. Using cooling devices such as fans or ice vests
c. Limiting the amount of time you are exposed to the heat environment.
4. If you are working in a hot and/or humid area and begin to feel overheated or dizzy, inform your
co-workers and move to a cooler area and rest. Notify your supervisor of the situation so that
actions can be taken. Seek medical attention for heat related illness.
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K. Compressed Gases
1. Compressed gas cylinders can also present a safety hazard. These cylinders
may contain compressed gases that may be inert, flammable, or poisonous.
The gas cylinders are stored outside whenever possible but should always be
protected from the weather and direct sunlight. The following precautions
should be observed when working with compressed gases:
a. Stay clear of any relief or blow off valves.
b. Be sure hoses are in good repair, and do not direct compressed air at any part of the body.
c. Store compressed gas cylinders securely in an upright position.
d. All compressed gas cylinders must be secured to prevent them from falling.
e. If you are going to work with compressed gas cylinders, refer to procedure SA-AA-122.
Limerick injury with Drill Press - Dated 2/20/06, IR 245257 worker was brushing away metal filings from the
work surface with his left hand while the drill was rotating. The sleeve became entangled in the drill bit which
pulled his hand into the bit causing portions of 2 fingers on his left hand to be severed.
L. Rotating/Moving Equipment
1. Many types of rotating equipment can be found in the Station such as pumps, motor-operated
valves, lathes, and cranes. Some of this equipment operates intermittently.
2. Your clothing and accessories should always be worn in a manner to promote safety. You should
not wear loose clothing or jewelry that could get caught in moving machinery or equipment. Also
pay attention to postings, and do not tamper with guards or shrouds around moving shafts.
M. High Noise
As discussed earlier, there are some high-noise areas in the Station. In addition to the posted areas,
areas where it is difficult to hear or converse should also be considered high-noise areas. As stated
earlier, when in a high-noise area, ear protection is required. Company-provided ear plugs and ear
muffs are available for use in the Station.
N. Falling Objects
Falling objects are also a potential hazard in the Station. Station equipment, scaffolding, tools, and
other objects are examples of what could fall and cause an injury. In some areas, objects can be 30 or
more feet in the air. These hazards can be minimized through the use of equipment such as scaffold toe
boards, tool lanyards and good housekeeping. Wear proper personal protective equipment such as hard
hats. Also, when you are working in the overhead remember that there may be people passing below
you.
O. Eye Hazards
Some activities in the Station can represent a serious eye hazard. Chipping, grinding, and welding are
only a few examples of activities that require special eye protection. When involved in activities that
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may present a hazard to your eyes, wear your safety glasses and goggles or a face shield. If you have a
need for other eye protection, discuss it with your supervisor.
P. Hazardous Chemicals
1. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 704 and the Hazardous Materials Identification
System (HMIS) are readily recognized and easily understood labeling systems for identifying
specific hazards and their severity. They address health, flammability, instability, and related
hazards that may be presented as short-term, acute exposures that are most likely to occur as a
result of fire, spill, or similar emergency.
a. The systems are not applicable to chronic exposures or to nonemergency occupational
exposure.
b. The NFPA hazard severity is indicated by a numerical rating that ranges from zero (0)
indicating a minimal hazard, to four (4) indicating a severe hazard.
c. The Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) was developed by the National Paint
and Coatings Association (NPCA), it also categorized hazards according to health, reactivity,
and flammability. In addition, it also assigns the level of PPE appropriate for the substance.
2. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), you have the right to
know the potential hazards of any chemical you use. Chemicals used in the Station include acids,
caustics, cleaners, and petroleum products.
3. Some indications of a potential chemical hazard are:
a. Liquid spills
b. Labeled or unlabeled containers
c. Unusual vapors or odors
d. Posted chemical storage areas
4. When using a chemical, always follow the label’s instructions and be careful not to deface the label
on a chemical container. Never mix chemicals, and do not use a chemical if you’re not sure what it
is.
5. All chemicals used on site must have a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) with the following
information:
a. Physical hazards
b. Protective clothing and equipment needed
c. Storage requirements
d. Spill and leak procedures
e. Respiratory protection
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MSDS
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet

6. Prior to using any chemical, the user should be aware of potential hazards. You can obtain
information about MSDS through your supervisor and on the company intranet.
7. Every controlled material needs approval prior to bringing it on site and every controlled material
shall have the Exelon Controlled Material Program label on it.
8. Contact the Site Chemical Control Coordinator for questions and approvals.
9. EN-MA-501, “Controlled Materials and Hazard Communication Program,” and EN-MW-501,
“Chemical Control,” provide the requirements and guidance for the program.
10. Some Station areas have large quantities of very dangerous chemicals such as strong acids and
caustics. These areas are posted and should not be entered unless you meet the entry requirements.
If you need to enter a posted chemical area and are not sure if you are authorized, contact your
supervisor.
11. Hazardous materials must be disposed of properly according to applicable regulations. To properly
dispose of chemicals, contact the individual responsible for chemical control.
12. Every drain at the station fills a specific purpose. Never pour anything down a drain without
appropriate permission.
13. The company employs methods such as training, labeling, a chemical control program, and
protective equipment to reduce the risk of chemical injuries.
Q. Transportation/Handling of Hazardous Materials
1. All Hazardous material must be offered for transportation by a trained shipper in
accordance with EN-AA-601.
2. A Hazardous Material is a substance or material that meets two criteria:
a. Poses an unreasonable risk when transported in commerce.
b. The Department of Transportation (DOT) designated it as a hazardous material in 40 CFR 172.
3. Prior to transporting, handling, packaging, storing, loading or off-loading, or driving any hazardous
material (e.g., compressed gas cylinders, radioactive material, asbestos, lead, etc.) over a public
road on behalf of the company, contact your supervisor, as additional training is required.
a. Training is required to protect the handler, the transporter, the public, the environment, and
emergency responders, and to avoid delays in transportation.
b. Thousands of hazmat transportation accidents occur every year due to people not knowing their
jobs.
R. Waste Management Activities
1. This section’s purpose is to familiarize employees with the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act, (RCRA) regulations to ensure proper handing of waste. Reference the MSDS, work package,
manufacturer recommendations, and use the pre-job brief to understand the hazards of the products
you are handling.
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2. As with the Chemical Control Programs, you should know the hazards of the products you are
handling. The general employee must be aware of the site-specific processes for handling wastes.
3. At no time should waste products be placed in drains or thrown into the trash without proper
approval through the Site’s RCRA Coordinator, usually the Site’s Environmental Group.
4. This general training does not qualify you to ship hazardous material, hazardous waste or be the
RCRA Coordinator at your site.
5. Hazardous Wastes are certain wastes listed by the EPA as hazardous based on the toxicity,
corrosivity, ignitability, or reactivity of the product. Examples include, but are not limited to spent
chlorinated solvents, unused laboratory reagents, such as cyanide compounds or hydrazine. When
in doubt contact the Site’s RCRA Coordinator, usually the Environmental Group.
6. Universal Waste includes products such as batteries, fluorescent light bulbs and mercury switches.
All handlers of universal waste must understand the hazards of the products they are transporting
and know the proper storage locations on site.
7. Residual Waste, Special Waste, and Medical Waste all require special handling. Careful
consideration during handling and storage should be practiced just as with hazardous waste.
Common examples are asbestos, PCB wastes, waste oil and oily rags, non-hazardous solvents and
latex paint.
8. Mixed waste is waste that is both hazardous and radiologically contaminated. Only qualified
RCRA and Radiation Protection personnel should handle mixed waste.
9. The use of products often involves the creation of waste materials such as left over products or
cleanup material. For this reason, the use of non-hazardous products is strongly encouraged at all
sites. Using as few hazardous chemicals and absorbent materials as necessary to complete the job
is an important factor in minimizing waste generated.
10. Other factors in waste minimization include proper waste segregation, capture and reuse of
materials, fixing oil leaks, and using collection pans instead of pads or rags. Use material stored in
the site tool rooms prior to ordering new material.
S. Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response
1. Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) regulates the safety and
health of employees involved in any emergency response to incidents involving hazardous
substances.
2. If you believe a spill or release of a hazardous chemical and/or substance has occurred, move a safe
distance away and call the Control Room and identify:
a. Who you are
b. The location of the incident
c. Whether there are any injuries
d. The name and approximate quantity of the hazardous material
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3. Any spills should be immediately reported to the Main Control Room. Each site has its own
Emergency Spill Procedures. You should be aware of these procedures and perform your work in
accordance with these procedures.
4. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) was established to properly manage,
dispose of and minimize hazardous wastes in the United States. Hazardous waste can be solid,
liquid, or gaseous. Not all wastes are hazardous. Common hazardous wastes are paint solvents,
degreasers, and outdated chemicals. RCRA contains specific waste-handling regulations with
harsh penalties for violators. To avoid any violations and to help keep our environment clean, you
must be aware of the type of wastes that are generated from your work and the rules that regulate
these wastes. To ensure proper disposal of any waste, follow directions given by your Station’s
Environmental group.
T. Bloodborne Pathogen Awareness
1. Hepatitis B (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) may be transmitted when disease
organisms enter the body through mucus membranes or through breaks in the skin. HBV can cause
a potentially fatal liver disease. HIV causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
2. Transmission of disease could occur if you are exposed to a co-worker’s open sore or if you have
direct contact with their bodily fluids containing infectious material.
3. Additional training is required for personnel whose job requirements could cause them to come in
contact with bio-hazardous material.
4. If you think you have been exposed to potentially infectious material, use the following guidelines:
a. Don’t panic! Wash the affected area.
b. Inform your supervisor who will inform the medical staff.
c. The medical staff will determine your exposure and advise you of any follow-up measures that
may be required.
IV. Personal Protection Equipment
Some jobs may have a particular hazard associated with the performance of the work. Check with your
supervisor if you are in doubt as to whether or not you need protective equipment. There are many
safety precautions, which are required in the Station including the use of the following equipment:
A. Hard Hats
1. A hard hat should be worn with the sides parallel to the ground and the bill in
front.
2. It should not have holes, cracks, unofficial stickers or markings, or any conductive material on the
outside.
3. The suspension on the inside of the hard hat should be periodically checked for frayings and tears.
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4. Never store items between the shell and suspension on the inside of the hard hat. It can interfere
with the proper operation of the suspension. This includes no wearing baseball caps under the hard
hat. Approved welding hats may be allowed.
5. ANSI Z89.1 approved hard hats must be worn by all personnel in all work areas posted as requiring
hard hat and where ever the possibility of head injuries exist.
6. Hard hats will be provided to company employees.
B. Eye Protection
1. Eye protection must meet ANSI and company requirements to protect from flying particles/debris
and be shatterproof.
2. Safety glasses with side shields, safety goggles, or face shields may be needed to meet these
requirements.
3. Your eye protection should be inspected periodically for scratches and cracks that may obscure
vision or lessen protection. Additionally, you should clean your eye protection to prevent obscured
vision.
C. Hearing Protection
1. Being exposed to excessive noise without protection can result in an immediate or a gradual
hearing loss.
a. Sound waves enter the ear and are channeled to the eardrum.
The eardrum vibrates and transmits these vibrations to rows
of tiny hair cells in the inner ear.
b. The hair cells transform these vibrations into electrical
impulses that are then transmitted to the brain.
c. It is these hair cells that can become damaged after prolonged exposure to loud sound that
results in hearing loss.
d. Other effects associated with exposure to loud sound include: annoyance, distraction,
nervousness, headaches and fatigue.
2. For maximum protection, the hearing protection device must make a tight seal with the ear canal or
side of the head. However, not all hearing protection devices are equally suited for all ear canals
and head shapes.
3. The following are examples of hearing protection devices:
a. Ear plugs
1) To insert:
a) Be sure hands, ears and plugs are clean
b) Roll plug with fingers to reduce diameter or until completely compressed
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c) Pull outwards and upwards on ear
d) Insert plug into ear canal
e) Hold plug till it expands
2) Replace ear plugs if soiled or worn. If ear plugs are reusable, wash with mild soap and
warm water.
3) Ear plugs are easier to wear with hard hats, glasses, and protective equipment.
b. Ear muffs
1) The headband fits over the head with ear cups that are foam
or gel-filled.
2) The hardhat ear muff consists of ear muff units that attach
independently to each side of the hard hat.
3) Ear muffs are easy to adjust and can be put on and taken off quickly.
4) Ear muffs should not be worn over eyeglass frames unless approved for use as such by the
manufacturer.
4. The intensity of a particular sound wave is measured in decibels. Any sound that creates a decibel
level of > 90 decibels can result in permanent hearing loss if hearing protection is not used.
5. You must wear hearing protection when:
a. Working in a designated high-noise area. These areas are posted throughout the Station.
b. It is difficult to hear or converse.
6. The effects of hearing loss may not be immediately noticeable. Thus, audiometric testing may be
performed on some employees.
7. Hearing protection is provided by the company.
D. Gloves
1. When working with your hands, wear gloves if there are rough surfaces, chemicals, possibility of
slivers, or a work activity that could result in a hand/finger injury.
2. Never place your hands into the “Line of Fire”, which are locations where your hand can be
pinched, cut, or crushed. Areas that are considered within the “Line of Fire,” where you should
avoid placing your hands include:
a. The outside of carts, doors, or boxes
b. The inside of hinges, doors, or lids
c. The sides of equipment or boxes
d. The striking area for tools and equipment
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E. Footwear
1. ANSI Z41-1991 approved safety work shoes shall be worn if there is a potential for foot injury.
2. When there is less potential for foot injury, “serviceable” or a sturdy work shoe shall be worn.
3. Serviceable shoes cover the entire foot and have a sole of hard rubber or leather to prevent
penetration of objects. Sandals, spiked heeled, moccasins and athletic shoes are not serviceable.
4. Shoes in good condition should not have any of the following:
F. Clothing
a. Crushed toe guard
b. Cracked, split or cut outer covering
c. Cracks or holes in the soles
d. Slick heels or soles
1. In the plant, full length trousers and a shirt covering the shoulders shall be worn.
2. Wear natural fiber or flame retardant clothing when/if your work exposes you to flames, electric
arcs, welding, cutting, grinding, or energized electrical equipment.
3. Do not wear synthetic fibers because it could increase the severity of burns when exposed to
enhanced heat.
4. Wear long sleeves to protect arms when working near hot pipes or equipment.
5. Do not wear metal objects such as rings, chains, and bracelets when they could be a hazard.
V. Summary
A. You are responsible for your own safety and recognizing and reporting unsafe working conditions in
the Station.
B. “2 Minute Drill @ the Job Site” is a human performance tool used to ensure employees focus on the
critical aspects of a job and job site conditions, including those discussed in the pre-job brief, when
applicable, immediately prior to beginning a task in order to prevent events and injuries.
C. Safety Tags are a way of protecting you from potential danger, communicating special requirements,
tracking discrepancies, or providing other types of information.
D. When working under Clearance Orders, workers are expected to sign off the Clearance each day prior
to leaving the facility.
E. Health Hazards include:
1. Prior to the start of potentially hazardous work, use the Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) procedure and
process to identify potential safety hazards and establish methods to mitigate the potential hazard.
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2. Asbestos is a potential health hazard. Working with asbestos requires special training and permits
prior to starting work.
3. Lead is a potent poison. Additional training is required to work in areas where the airborne
concentration is higher than the action level.
4. Always use caution when working around any component that uses electricity.
5. Indications of steam leaks include, whistling noise, increased area temperatures, or moisture on
walls or ceiling.
6. Confined spaces may contain life-threatening atmospheres.
7. Heat stress is a potential health hazard. If working in a hot area and begin to feel overheated or
dizzy, inform your co-workers; move to a cooler area and rest.
8. Compressed gases must be stored out of weather and direct sunlight. Specific storage rules apply
per procedure SA-AA-122.
9. Do not wear loose-fitting clothing around any moving/rotating equipment.
10. Workers have the right to know the hazards of chemical substances in the work place.
11. MSDSs provide information on the chemical identity and dangers of a material. Contact your
supervisor for this information.
12. All containers of hazardous substances must be properly labeled.
F. Your personal protection equipment (PPE) and clothing should always be worn in a manner to promote
safety. Hard hats, safety glasses, hearing protection, gloves, serviceable shoes, and appropriate
clothing are basic PPE.
G. The NFPA 704 Labeling System is a nationally recognized method of indicating the presence of
hazardous materials at FIXED storage locations.
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Course/Program: General Employee Training Module/LP ID: Fire Protection
Title: ! Exelon Fire Protection Course Code: N-N-GRP1I, N-N-GRP2I
N-N-GRP1R, N-N-GRP2R
Author: Silvia Morse Revision/Date: 4, 08/08
Prerequisites: None Revision By: R. Keister
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Est. Teach Time: 30 minutes
From memory and in accordance with this training material, the trainee shall be able to:
Objective # Objective Description
1. State individual responsibilities regarding fire barriers such as fire dampers, doors,
seals and combustible free zones.
2. State actions an individual is required to take upon discovery of a fire.
3. State individual responsibilities regarding the control of fire loading (wood, solvents,
oil) and the disposal of flammable materials.
4. State individual responsibilities regarding staging material near fire protection
equipment.
5. State examples of the types of hot work requiring a permit.
6. Recognize and state the response to a station fire alarm.
References:
NEI 03-04 – “PADS Guidelines for Plant Access Training”
NFPA 12, “Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems”
OP-AA-201-009, Control of Transient Combustible Material
OP-AA-201-004, Fire Prevention for Hot Work
CC-AA-201, Plant Barrier Control Program
I. Introduction
A. Overview
1. Exelon is committed to ensuring personnel safety. Stations must meet regulations and rules
regarding employee fire safety. Following regulations and rules will assist in making the station a
safe place to work.
2. Upon completion of this section, you should be able to minimize the potential for causing a fire and
properly responding to a fire should one occur.
" Copyright 2008 by Exelon Nuclear, All Rights Reserved. Permission for reproduction and use is reserved for Exelon Nuclear.
(Any other use or reproduction is expressly prohibited without the express permission of Exelon Nuclear.)

3. Highlighted portions of this lesson plan are Exelon specific material not covered in NEI 03-04.
B. Purpose
1. The purpose of this training is to provide information on how to minimize and properly respond to
a fire in order to remain safe while working in a nuclear power station.
C. Objectives
D. Statement of Evaluation
1. Students will be evaluated by answering questions given on the examination with an accuracy of
80% or better.
II. Fire Barriers
A. Fire barriers are required by federal law and have been built into the station to prevent the spread of fire
and to restrict the movement of smoke and gasses. These barriers come in several forms such as doors,
dampers, and seals. They may also be used as security, ventilation, flood, missile, and radiation
protection barriers.
B. A fire barrier penetration is an opening in a fire barrier such as a floor, wall, or ceiling for the passage
of conduit, cables, cable trays, piping, HVAC ducting, dampers, etc., and which has been sealed to
maintain a fire barrier rating.
1. Before beginning a task that will disturb a sealed wall or floor penetration, contact the Control
Room or Operations Management and follow their instructions.
C. When in the station and a fire door is opened, make sure the fire door is firmly closed and latched
before leaving. CHALLENGE the door!
1. Be very careful when using carts to transport material or tools through doorways. Doors or frames
may be damaged from carts and may not close or seal properly making them inoperable as a fire
barrier.
2. Doors SHOULD be placed in their required position after use unless previously authorized by a
Plant Barrier Impairment (PBI) permit.
3. If a door must be blocked or tied open, then a PBI Permit SHALL be required.
D. Any problems with a fire barrier should be reported to the Control Room or Operations Management
and documented in an Issue Report.
E. If you have to leave a fire barrier open for a period of time, take the appropriate actions per plant
procedures.
F. There are some areas in the plant in which a specific zone has been established as a barrier to prevent
the spread of fire. Combustibles shall not be placed in these areas unless approved by Fire Protection.
Permits (i.e., Transient Combustible Permit or Barrier Breach Permit) may also be required for
combustible materials placed in these areas.
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III. Discovery of a Fire
A. If a fire is discovered, take the following actions:
1. Notify the control room using the station page, radio, or telephone.
2. Inform the control room of the location and what is burning. Make sure the control
room acknowledges the report.
3. Stand by in a safe location and warn others until the fire brigade arrives. Provide
additional information as necessary.
4. Do not attempt to fight the fire unless it is small and clearly within your capability and you are
properly trained.
B. The above instruction is for the General Employee. Personnel trained and assigned Firewatch duties
shall follow firewatch instructions.
C. Refer to the Exelon Site Specific Study Guide(s) for site specific information regarding discovery of a
fire.
IV. Fire Loading
A. The station is required to meet specific codes and regulations regarding fire suppression and
prevention, which limit the amount of flammable material that can be stored in an area.
1. A transient fire load is any combustible or flammable material temporarily installed or stored in the
plant.
a. Flammable material, such as oils, fuel, lubricants, aerosol cans, etc., must be stored in special
fire-rated cabinets.
b. Combustible materials such as harnesses, gloves, paper, fabric, tool bags, etc., used to support
work must be minimized and controlled.
c. Use of wood that is not fire retardant is NOT permitted on site without authorization.
1) Fire-retardant wood is usually distinctively marked or stamped, most often with a color
coating such as blue or green.
2) Contact supervision if wood is discovered that does not appear to be fire retardant.
2. Whenever using combustible material on a job, limit the amount to what is needed to get the work
done or the amount allowed in the area, whichever is less.
a. This will not only reduce the fire hazard but will also save on material that needs to be
disposed.
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. Control of combustible material is usually performed using a Transient Combustible Permit.
1) When not in use, transient combustibles necessary for work, should be staged in closed
metal containers (cabinets, tool boxes, gang boxes, metal drums) that are in good repair,
and when practical (i.e., size is such that the item will fit in the drum or box).
2) Combustible and flammable liquids are to be kept in an approved (UL listed, FM
Approved, DOT Specification, etc.) flammable liquid storage cabinets, and the cabinet kept
closed when left unattended.
a) Rags used to clean up flammable or combustible liquid spills should be placed in an
approved container with self-closing lid or removed from the area and disposed of
properly.
3. When the job is done, return any unused combustible material to its proper storage area.
a. If in a safety-related area, return the material to its storage area by the end of the shift unless
approval has been given to temporarily store it elsewhere.
b. Consult with your supervisor and the appropriate plant procedure if you have questions
regarding using, storing, or disposing of flammable or combustible material in any area of the
plant.
4. Refer to the Exelon Site Specific Study Guide(s) for site specific information regarding fire
loading.
V. Plant Fire Protection Equipment
A. Fire protection equipment is staged throughout the site for use in case of a fire. Do not
block or impair access to plant fire protection equipment during staging of equipment
and materials or when constructing scaffolds. This equipment may vary from site to
site but consists of Fire exits, Fire hydrants, Hose reels, hand held extinguishers,
wheeled extinguishers, foam carts, fire brigade equipment, breathing air (SCBAs) etc.
If equipment is found blocked contact the Control Room or Operations Management.
VI. Hot Work
A. Any work activity that has the potential of starting a fire or accidentally activating an automatic fire
suppression system, such as welding, burning, brazing or grinding metal (sparks) or generating smoke
or fumes, must be approved before work is started. This type of work requires that a permit and,
potentially, other special requirements be met before the work is started.
B. If involved in a task that could create a fire hazard and approval has not been obtained or if you are not
sure if a job requires a permit, contact supervision for guidance.
C. Personnel may be assigned to firewatch duties whenever work activities present a fire risk or when a
fire protection system is out of service.
D. To be qualified for firewatch duties, further training is required.
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E. When hot work is being performed all flammable and combustible material within 35’ must be
removed, covered or some how protected from spark travel.
VII. Fire Alarm
A. In case of a fire, the station will sound the fire alarm or will provide a station alert
followed by an announcement. Should you hear the station fire alarm, listen to the
instructions and follow them.
B. The fire brigade responds to all fires. All other personnel are expected to cooperate with the
responding personnel, evacuate the area, and follow any instructions on the station announcing system.
C. Do not use any elevator in the same building/area (e.g., Power Block) during a fire.
D. Fire suppression systems are systems intended to inhibit the growth of a fire.
Some areas of the station contain gaseous fire suppression systems such as Halon or Carbon Dioxide
(CO2). These areas and surrounding areas are specifically identified (refer to signs) at each station.
E. Pre-discharge alarms are usually provided on systems that exceed the maximum safe levels for
employee exposure. The purpose of the alarm is to alert personnel and allow safe exit from the area.
Some areas with CO2 and Halon systems use multiple senses to warn you: Sight – flashing light, Smell
– wintergreen scent, and Hearing – loud alarm. When working in areas equipped with CO2/Halon
systems, be aware of the warning system utilized by the plant.
1. If the alarm activates or a wintergreen odor (for CO2 systems) is detected while you are working in
a room, leave immediately. These systems can result in suffocation.
2. CO2 will soon fill the room and displace oxygen.
3. The system discharge will create a great deal of noise and will greatly limit visibility.
4. Avoid passing through nozzle spray paths as they can endanger a person’s safety by causing a
strong chilling effect, eye injury, ear injury, or falls due to loss of balance, loss of consciousness or
death.
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F. Special attention to housekeeping and maintaining exit paths are mandatory in CO2/Halon protected
areas. If work activities may cause a delay in leaving the area then the system should be taken out of
service in accordance with station procedures.
G. Refer to the Exelon Site Specific Study Guide(s) for site specific information regarding fire alarms.
VIII. Summary
A. Fire barriers are required by law and have been built into the station to prevent the spread of a fire.
B. Doors or frames may be damaged from carts and may not close or seal properly making them
inoperable as a fire barrier.
C. As a General Employee, if you discover a fire, notify the control room, stand by in a safe location, and
warn others until the fire brigade arrives.
D. The station is required to meet many types of codes and regulations regarding fire suppression and fire
prevention.
E. Whenever using combustible material on a job, limit the amount to just what is needed to get the work
done or to the amount allowed in the area, whichever is less. Also make sure material is properly
stored (i.e., in closed metal containers) when not attended.
F. Do not block or impair access to fire protection equipment.
G. If hot work is being performed all flammable and combustible material within 35' must be removed,
covered or some how protected from spark travel.
H. Any work activity that has the potential of starting a fire must be approved before work is started.
I. In the case of a fire, the station will sound the fire alarm or will provide a station alert followed by an
announcement.
J. Halon and Carbon Dioxide fire suppression systems are specifically identified by signs at the stations.
K. When working in areas equipped with CO2/Halon systems be cognizant of the warning system utilized
by the plant.
1. If the alarm activates or a wintergreen odor (for CO2 systems) is detected while you are working in
a room, leave immediately.
Page 88 of 178

Course/Program: General Employee Training Module/LP ID: Emergency
Response/Preparedness
Title:
! Exelon Emergency
Response/Preparedness
Page 89 of 178
Course Code: N-GRP1I N-GRP2I
N-GRP2I N-GRP2R
Author: S. Morse Revision/Date: 2, 12/05
Prerequisites: None Revision By: G. Kiss
OBJECTIVES
Est. Teach Time: 30 minutes
From memory and in accordance with this lesson material, the trainee shall be able to:
Objective # Objective Description
1. State the purpose of the emergency plan.
2. State the classifications of station emergencies.
3. Recognize the emergency alarms, and state the proper response for each.
4. State the actions required during emergency plan implementation.
5. State the purpose of accountability during an emergency.
6. State the location of the employee’s assigned assembly area.
7. Discuss evacuation plans, including identification of evacuation routes.
8. State the company’s policy concerning the release of information to the public and
news media regarding an emergency.
References:
NEI 03-04, “PADS Guidelines for Plant Access Training”
NRC Bulletin 2005-02, “Emergency Preparedness (EP) and Response Actions for Security-Based
Events”
Exelon Emergency Planning procedures (EP series)
" Copyright 2000 by Exelon Nuclear, All Rights Reserved. Permission for reproduction and use is reserved for Exelon Nuclear.
(Any other use or reproduction is expressly prohibited without the express permission of Exelon Nuclear.)

I. Introduction
A. Overview
1. Exelon has a plan to protect the public and station workers in the case of a nuclear emergency.
2. Upon completion of this section, you should be able to respond to an emergency plan activation.
3. Highlighted portions of this lesson plan are Exelon specific material not covered in NEI 03-04.
B. Purpose
1. The purpose of this training is to provide information on responding to an emergency plan activation
in order to remain safe in a nuclear power station.
C. Objectives
D. Statement of Evaluation
1. Students will be evaluated by answering questions given on the examination with an accuracy of
80% or better.
II. Purpose of the Emergency Plan
A. The Exelon Nuclear Emergency Plan (E-Plan) establishes an organization and provides the guidance
needed to protect the public, employees, and nuclear stations.
B. An emergency will be declared based on station conditions and will be escalated, transition to Recovery,
or terminated as station conditions change.
III. Emergency Plan Classifications
A. There are five classifications of emergencies depending on the severity. They are:
1. Unusual Event –events are in process or have occurred which indicate a potential degradation of the
level of safety of the plant or indicate a security threat to facility protection. No releases of
radioactive material requiring off-site response or monitoring are expected unless further
degradation of safety systems occurs. (Least severe)
2. Alert – events are in process or have occurred which involve an actual or potential substantial
degradation of the level of safety of the plant or a security event that involves probable life
threatening risk to site personnel or damage to site equipment because of HOSTILE ACTION. Any
releases are expected to be limited to small fractions of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Protective Action Guideline exposure levels.
3. Site Area Emergency – events are in process or have occurred which involve an actual or likely
major failures of plant functions needed for protection of the public or HOSTILE ACTION that
results in intentional damage or malicious acts; (1) toward site personnel or equipment that could
lead to the likely failure of or; (2) prevents effective access to equipment needed for the protection
of the public. Any releases are not expected to result in exposure levels, which exceed EPA
Protective Action Guideline exposure levels beyond the site boundary.
Page 90 of 178

4. General Emergency – events are in process or have occurred which involve actual or imminent
substantial core degradation or melting with a potential for loss of containment integrity or
HOSTILE ACTION that results in actual loss of physical control of the facility. Releases can be
reasonably expected to exceed EPA Protective Action Guideline exposure levels offsite for more
than the immediate site area. (Most severe).
5. Recovery is an Exelon specific emergency classification; it is a condition of the station that may
require substantial time and resources to exit. The situation has stabilized and no longer presents a
hazard to the public, and requires specific criteria to be met prior to entering.
IV. Emergency Alarms/Actions
A. The response required for emergencies is to:
1. Listen and respond to station alarms and announcements.
2. Exit and/or stay out of affected areas.
3. Proceed to designated assembly areas if required.
4. If the station declares an Unusual Event an announcement will be made informing you of the
circumstances and any required action. State and local governments and the NRC are notified of
the event. It is at the next classification—the Alert—that the station begins to call upon additional
Emergency Response Organization (ERO) members to supplement the station emergency
organization.
5. If station management declares an Alert, or a higher classification, an announcement will be made
informing you of the circumstances and any required action.
6. If a Site Area Emergency is declared, the site emergency alarm will sound and you will be directed
to follow assembly and accountability instructions. You must listen to the announcement to ensure
that you understand your expected actions.
7. If a General Emergency is declared, the site emergency alarm will sound. All station personnel who
are not part of the emergency response organization will be directed to evacuate the site and to go to
the remote assembly area.
B. Examples of emergency alarms are the:
1. Reactor Building Evacuation Alarm – TMI \ Oyster Creek
2. Station Emergency Alarm – TMI \ Limerick \ Peach Bottom \ Oyster Creek
3. Assembly Alarm – Byron \ Braidwood \ Quad Cities \ LaSalle \ Dresden
4. General Purpose Alarm – Clinton \ Peach Bottom \ Limerick
5. Containment Evacuation Alarm – Clinton
6. General Evacuation Alarm – Clinton \ Peach Bottom \ Limerick.
Page 91 of 178

V. Emergency Plan Implementation Actions
A. The response required for emergencies is to:
1. Listen and respond to station alarms and announcements.
2. Exit and/or stay out of affected areas.
3. Proceed as instructed in the PA announcement.
VI. Purpose of Accountability
A. During an emergency, all personnel in the protected area must be accounted for to ensure their well
being and location are known.
B. Security must be able to provide a list of unaccounted personnel within 30
minutes of the assembly accountability announcement. Station personnel need to
use the accountability card readers as directed to help accomplish this.
VII. Assembly Areas
A. For each site’s assembly areas, see Exelon Site Specific Study Guide(s).
VIII. Evacuation
A. If an evacuation becomes necessary, all employees who are not part of the emergency response
organization will be told the evacuation route to be taken.
IX. Spokesperson
A. A spokesperson is designated by the company to release information to the public and media. The
Spokesperson will present information to media personnel at the respective site’s Joint Information
Center (JIC). The JIC is normally activated following an Alert or higher emergency declaration. Prior to
activation of the JIC, approved company information will come from Corporate Nuclear
Communications. If anyone asks for information, refer him/her to the company spokesperson or
Corporate Nuclear Communications.
X. Summary
A. The Exelon Nuclear Emergency Plan (E-Plan) protects the public, employees, and station if an
emergency occurs at the station.
B. The five classifications of emergencies are:
1. Unusual Event
2. Alert
3. Site Area Emergency
4. General Emergency
5. Recovery
Page 92 of 178

C. The response required for emergencies is to:
1. Listen and respond to station alarms and announcements.
2. Exit and/or Stay out of affected areas.
3. Proceed as instructed in the PA announcement.
D. During an emergency, all personnel in the protected area must be accounted for to ensure their well
being and location are known.
E. If an evacuation becomes necessary, all employees who are not part of the emergency response
organization will be told the evacuation route to be taken.
F. A spokesperson is designated by the company to release information to the public and media.
Page 93 of 178

Course/Program: General Employee Training Module/LP ID: Quality Programs
Title: ! Exelon Quality Programs Course Code: N-N-GRP1I
N-N-GRP2I
N-N-GRP1R
N-N-GRP2R
Author: S. Morse Revision/Date: 5, 07/06
Prerequisites: None Revision By: G. Kiss
Page 94 of 178
Est. Teach Time: 30 minutes
OBJECTIVES
From memory and in accordance with this lesson material, the trainee shall be able to:
Objective # Objective Description
1. Concerning the Quality Assurance Program:
a. State the function of the Quality Assurance Program
b. State the purpose of Nuclear Oversight (NOS) assessments
c. State the role and authority of Nuclear Oversight
d. Identify individual employee responsibilities with regard to QA
2. Recognize the Defense-in-Depth Quality Model
a. Recall the role of the Assessor and QV Inspector
b. Recall the role of the employee
c. Recall the role of the NRC & INPO
3. Concerning Quality Verification (QV):
a. State the function of QV
b. State basic worker responsibilities regarding QV verification points/QV hold
points
c. State the role and authority of QV inspectors
4. State company policy on harassment of Nuclear Oversight personnel
5. Identify potential items of non-compliance
6. State how individual employees identify and report concerns, problems or issues
7. Explain how to report nuclear safety concerns to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
(NRC)
8. Recognize appropriate Employee Conduct Expectations
References:
NEI-03-04, “PADS Guidelines for Plant Access Training”
Exelon Nuclear Oversight procedures (NO series)
" Copyright 2000 by Exelon Nuclear, All Rights Reserved. Permission for reproduction and use is reserved for Exelon Nuclear.
(Any other use or reproduction is expressly prohibited without the express permission of Exelon Nuclear.)

I. Introduction
A. Overview
1. Quality work is essential to maintaining the safe operation of Exelon's nuclear power plants. Each
worker is responsible for quality. In turn, the company is committed to providing quality assurance
programs to help keep our nuclear stations safe. Federal law also mandates Quality Assurance
programs for all nuclear power plants.
2. Upon completion of this section, you should be familiar with the purpose of the quality program,
how the program is accomplished, and how to report quality-related problems.
3. Highlighted portions of this lesson plan are Exelon specific material not covered in NEI 03-04.
B. Purpose
1. The purpose of this training is to provide information on Quality Program roles and reporting items
of non-compliance. This training will allow workers to understand roles in Quality Programs and
provide knowledge of appropriate reporting items of non-compliance in order to maintain safe
working conditions in the plant.
C. Objectives
D. Statement of Evaluation
1. Students will be evaluated by answering questions given on the examination with an accuracy of
80% or better.
II. Quality Assurance Program (QA)
A. The function of the QA program is to provide adequate confidence that systems, structures and
components will perform satisfactorily while in service. This includes:
1. Examining products, services, activities, programs and processes to find out how effective individual
and team efforts are in achieving and maintaining the level of quality.
2. Using a comprehensive system of Nuclear Oversight (NOS) assessments to:
a. Verify regulatory compliance with all aspects of the QA program.
b. Evaluate the effectiveness of programs/processes, people, and
systems/equipment/components
c. Conduct Performance Based Assessments
3. Surveillances to observe activities, hardware and/or review documentation to verify conformance
with specified requirements and to evaluate their adequacy and effectiveness.
4. Nuclear Oversight personnel may observe an entire job or individual steps within the job.
Page 95 of 178

B. Nuclear Oversight personnel have stop work authority. This means they can stop work for concerns
regarding quality or safety.
C. Defense-in-Depth Quality Model
1. The individual worker is the first “Line of Defense” with respect to ensuring quality work. It
represents the best opportunity that Exelon Nuclear has to prevent events.
2. Supervision and Management represent the second “Line of Defense” with respect to ensuring
quality work and preventing events. Their opportunity to identify a problem before it causes an
event is not as likely as the individual worker simply because they represent a much smaller
population than the individual workers.
3. Nuclear Oversight personnel including QV Inspectors and Assessors make up the third “Line of
Defense” in preventing events at the Sites. They are independent of the work activities being
performed. Their opportunity to identify problems before they cause events is even less than the
individual workers, and Management/Supervision.
4. External Assessment agencies such as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the Institute
of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO) represent the last “Line of Defense” to prevent events. If they
identify a problem, then it has managed to avoid detection by the three barriers within Exelon
Nuclear. The identification of problems by the NRC and INPO represent a failure of our Self-
Assessment processes.
4. Finally, if all four barriers fail then an event will occur.
D. Worker Responsibilities
1. Individuals in the various line organizations are responsible for the quality of the work performed
including the documentation.
Page 96 of 178

2. Stop, Think, Act, Review (STAR) is used by the worker to evaluate his or her own work and
actions.
3. Each individual is responsible for performing the job in a quality manner and doing every job right
the first time.
4. Workers should never proceed in the face of uncertainty. If you are not sure of the consequences of
your actions then ask someone before you proceed with the action. Start with your co-workers and
Supervisor.
III. Quality Verification
A. Quality Verification (QV) is responsible for performing physical inspections, examinations, and
measurements to verify that acceptable work has been performed and that pre-established characteristics
of materials, structures, components, or systems have been met.
B. QV personnel may observe an entire job or only a specific step in a job.
C. QV Hold Points
1. When performing a task, one may find a QV Hold Point in the document you are using. If one of
these QV hold points is encountered in a procedure or work package, the individual is required to
document compliance with the requirements prior to continuing with the task.
2. This QV Hold Point requires one to have QV perform a QV independent inspection by observing,
inspecting, or testing that point in the document before proceeding past that point in the document.
3. Willful violation of the verification point or QV Hold Point is a serious action and is subject to
disciplinary action up to and including termination of employment.
D. QV personnel have stop work authority. This means they can stop work for concerns regarding quality
or safety.
IV. Harassment of Nuclear Oversight Personnel
A. The quality program is required by federal law. Any threat, assault or interference with an inspector or
assessor while performing his or her job is a federal offense punishable by a fine and/or imprisonment.
V. Identifying Items of Non-compliance
A. During a worker's day-to-day activities, something may be found that does not appear to be correct.
These are potential non-compliance items and represent Conditions Adverse to Quality. Examples
include:
1. A part to be installed on a safety system that is not the correct part.
2. A safety related valve stuck out of position and cannot be moved.
3. Use of an out of date procedure.
Page 97 of 178

The Corrective Action Program (CAP) requires the initiation of an Issue Report (IR) for Conditions
Adverse to Quality. The condition may be significant enough to warrant a Root Cause Investigation and
Corrective Actions to Prevent Recurrence.
VI. Reporting Issues, Concerns, and Problems
A. General
1. All employees have the duty to raise concerns regarding nuclear safety and quality-related issues
that may affect safe operation of a nuclear plant.
2. All employees have the right to raise concerns without fear of reprisal.
B. Safety Conscious Work Environment (SCWE)
1. A Safety Conscious Work Environment (SCWE) is an environment in which employees feel free to
raise safety concerns without fear of retaliation.
2. An SCWE also requires that concerns be prioritized and promptly resolved with feedback provided
to the concerned employee.
C. Chilling Effect
1. Failure to foster a SCWE discourages employees and contract personnel from reporting safety and
quality concerns or issues and results in a "chilling effect."
2. A work environment in which a "chilling effect" has occurred is said to be a "Chilled Work
Environment."
a. Examples of Chilling Effect
D. Protected Activities
1) Employees are reluctant to voice concerns for fear that they may be identified or retaliated
against.
2) Employees or contractors are discouraged from raising concerns as a result of awareness of
discrimination.
3) Management fails to act promptly to deal with acts of intimidation.
1. Federal laws protect employees who are engaged in protected activities associated with identifying
and reporting safety issues or concerns.
2. Examples of protected activities include:
a. Raising concerns to employer or regulator (e.g., NRC or OSHA).
b. Refusing to violate a NRC requirement.
c. Testifying at a NRC proceeding.
Page 98 of 178

d. Requesting the NRC to take action against an employer for a violation of NRC requirements.
E. Employee Protection Regulations - Code of Federal Regulations
1. 10 CFR 50.7, Employee Protection - Thou shall NOT discriminate against an employee because the
employee raises a safety concern.
2. Enforcement may be taken for violations committed by:
a. Licensee
b. Contractor / Subcontractor
c. Individuals who participated in the violations
3. NRC penalties may include:
a. Notice of Violation (NOV)
b. Order banning individual from licensed activities
4. Protection is provided against Harassment, Intimidation, Retaliation, and Discrimination (H-I-R-D).
F. Employee Protection Regulations - Department of Labor (DOL)
1. Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, Section 211 - protects employees from retaliation and provides
a personal remedy (e.g., restore job, recover lost wages, etc.).
2. DOL investigates complaints, holds hearings, and may order employer to remedy past actions.
3. Elements that must exist in order to warrant a Section 211 complaint:
a. Employee was engaged in a protected activity
b. Licensee was aware of the protected activity
c. Licensee took adverse action against the employee
d. There is a causal connection between the action taken and the protected activity
G. Preferred Method for Reporting Concerns
1. First Line Supervisors
2. Other Management - Including Site Senior Management and Corporate Management (i.e., Chain of
Command)
3. Corrective Action Program
4. Nuclear Oversight (NOS) / NOS Manager
5. Employee Concerns Program
Page 99 of 178

6. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) - Nuclear safety or quality concerns may be reported to the
NRC at any time.
H. Purpose of the Employee Concerns Program (ECP)
1. Provide an alternate method for personnel to voice issues or concerns in regards to nuclear safety or
quality that may impact the safe operation of the nuclear facilities.
2. ECP investigates reports of concerns that have not been addressed when raised through the
traditional methods such as through the management chain of command or through the Corrective
Actions Program.
3. ECP is not intended to replace the normal methods for reporting concerns or issues, but is provided
for cases in which appropriate actions have not occurred.
4. All other concerns or issues reported to ECP that are not relating to nuclear safety or quality are
referred to the appropriate line organization for disposition.
5. When an employee has a concern that he/she does not feel comfortable with reporting to their
respective supervisor or through the normal management chain due to the sensitivity of the issue, or
the traditional methods have failed, the employee can contact the Employee Concerns Program.
I. Confidentiality
1. Confidentiality is a cornerstone of the ECP process and is maintained to the highest degree
achievable in all activities and endeavors of the Employee Concerns organization.
2. Extensive measures are employed in ensuring that confidentiality is always maintained.
a. All records are maintained in locked files with specific controls established for handling the
documents.
b. All information relating to reported concerns or issues, and all investigation activities and results
are maintained in strict confidence on a need-to-know basis only.
3. Employees reporting concerns to the ECP may remain anonymous, or sign a confidentiality
understanding that protects their anonymity to the highest degree achievable.
J. How to Report a Concern to ECP
1. Contact an Employee Concerns Investigator in person or via telephone.
2. Contact the Employee Concerns Hotline
1-877-724-7783 (1-877-72-I-S-S-U-E)
K. Ownership of the Employee Concerns Program
1. Overall responsibility for the Exelon Nuclear Employee Concerns Program for the Exelon nuclear
fleet resides with the Nuclear Oversight Vice President.
Page 100 of 178

2. Responsibility for implementation and administration of the Employee Concerns Program has been
delegated to the Nuclear Oversight Programs Director. The NOS Programs Director reports directly
to the NOS Vice President, thereby ensuring a totally independent reporting chain of command from
the site line organizations, site management, and corporate line organizations.
VII. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
A. If you feel that federal regulation violations are not getting adequate resolution, you may contact the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) directly. Addresses and telephone numbers for the NRC are
posted on bulletin boards around the site.
B. You may request a private interview with NRC inspectors. A worker who requests an interview or
reports defects is protected from discrimination. Information on workers' rights can be found in
10CFR19, which is posted on bulletin boards around the site.
C. If an inspection is requested the NRC will:
1. Keep the requester's identity anonymous.
2. Protect the individual from being discharged by the company for filing the complaint.
3. Notify the individual in writing if the complaint is rejected because no reasonable grounds exist.
D. Plant management expects all employees to be truthful with all NRC requests for information.
Employees should conduct themselves with openness and a cooperative spirit when providing
information to the NRC. The following will not be tolerated at any time:
1. Falsifying records.
2. Recognizing a violation of procedural requirements and not taking corrective action.
3. Willfully providing, or causing someone else to provide the NRC with inaccurate or incomplete
information.
4. Willfully withholding safety-significant information from supervisory personnel.
5. Submitting false information to gain unescorted access to a nuclear station.
E. Willful misconduct by any employee or contractor will not be tolerated and will result in disciplinary
action, fines and/or imprisonment.
VIII. Employee Conduct Expectations
A. Each individual must comply with the Exelon Code of Conduct or the contract requirements, as
applicable:
Exelon Code of Conduct:
“Each of us is accountable for following the law, complying with Exelon and business unit policies and
procedures, and striving to live up to our own values as well as those of Exelon. Committing an illegal
or unethical act as an Exelon employee, agent, or contractor is never justifiable.” Failure to comply with
Page 101 of 178

the Exelon Code of Conduct will result in disciplinary action, up to and including termination of
employment.
B. Title Ten to the Code of Federal Regulations Part 50.5 (10CFR50.5), Deliberate Misconduct, further
establishes that if a nuclear worker is found to have intentionally, knowingly and consciously caused a
violation of an NRC regulation or order, the individual may be subject to NRC enforcement. Sanctions
that could be imposed on an individual for deliberate misconduct under 10 CFR 50.5 include revocation
of their NRC license, orders prohibiting them from working in any regulated activity for a period of
time, civil penalties, and/or criminal prosecution under various Federal Laws.
C. Examples of behaviors that could cause individual workers to violate 10 CFR 50.5 include, but are not
limited to:
#$ Recognizing a violation of procedural requirements has taken place, even if it was you and even if it
had no immediate consequence, and not reporting this
#$ Knowingly falsifying any required records
#$ Willfully providing, or causing someone else to provide, the NRC with inaccurate or incomplete
information
#$ Willfully creating, or causing someone else to create, an inaccurate or incomplete record
#$ Willfully withholding safety-significant information from supervisory personnel or NRC inspectors
#$ Consciously submitting false information to gain unescorted access to a nuclear station or avoid any
other NRC requirement
D. Again, willful misconduct by any employee or contractor will not be tolerated and may result in
disciplinary action up to and including termination and/or civil penalties to include fines and/or
imprisonment.
IX. Summary
A. The function of the QA Program is to provide adequate confidence that systems, structures, and
components will perform satisfactorily while in service.
B. QV is responsible for performing physical inspections, examinations, and measurements to verify that
acceptable work has been performed and that pre-established characteristics have been met.
C. Verification points and QV hold points requires one to have QV verify the acceptability of the specified
work before proceeding past that point in the document.
D. We are all responsible for preventing events at our stations. Nuclear Oversight is just one of several
barriers to prevent unwanted and consequential events.
E. Nuclear Oversight personnel have stop work authority.
F. Harassment of Nuclear Oversight personnel will not be tolerated.
G. Potential non-compliance items are items found that do not appear to be correct.
H. The preferred method for reporting non-compliance items is through the management chain.
I. If you feel that federal regulation violations are not getting adequate resolution, you may contact the
NRC.
Page 102 of 178

J. If an inspection is requested, the NRC will:
1. Keep the requester's identity anonymous.
2. Protect the individual from being discharged by the company for filing the complaint.
3. Notify the individual in writing if the complaint is rejected because no reasonable grounds exist.
K. Each individual must comply with the Exelon Code of Conduct or the contract requirements, as
applicable.
L. Willful misconduct by any employee or contractor will not be tolerated and will result in disciplinary
action, fines and/or imprisonment.
Page 103 of 178

Course/Program: General Employee Training Module/LP ID: Radiation Orientation
Title: ! Exelon Radiological Orientation Course Code: N-N-GRP1I
N-N-GRP2I
N-N-GRP1R
N-N-GRP2R
Author: S. Morse Revision/Date:
Page 104 of 178
4 07/06
Prerequisites: Revision By: G. Kiss
Est. Teach Time: 30 minutes
OBJECTIVES
From memory and in accordance with this lesson material, the trainee shall be able to:
Objective # Objective Description
1. Define the following terms and state their differences:
#$ radiation
#$ radioactive material
#$ contamination
#$ dose
2. Define background radiation and contrast the average amount of radiation received
by radiation workers vs. members of the general public.
3. State the federal limit for the declared pregnant worker.
4. State the purpose of the thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) and the whole body
contamination monitor (i.e., the exit portal monitor.)
5. Identify potential long-term effects from exposure to low levels of radiation.
6. Contrast the risk of working in a nuclear facility to the risk in other industries.
7. State the colors and symbols used on radiological postings and identify the methods
used to mark radiological areas, e.g., signs, ropes, tape.
8. State the action(s) to be taken if a radiological area or radioactive material is
encountered.
References:
Regulatory Guide 8.29, "Instruction Concerning Risks from Occupational Radiation Exposure"
NEI 03-04, “PADS Guidelines for Plant Access Training”
NRC Document 05-097, “NRC News” dated June 30, 2005
RP-AA-270, “Prenatal Radiation Exposure”
RP-AA-376, “Radiological Postings, Labeling, and Markings”
" Copyright 2000 by Exelon Nuclear, All Rights Reserved. Permission for reproduction and use is reserved for Exelon Nuclear.
(Any other use or reproduction is expressly prohibited without the express permission of Exelon Nuclear.)

I. Introduction
A. Overview
1. Exelon is committed to protecting the health and safety of workers, appropriately monitoring
radiation and radioactive materials, and minimizing worker radiation exposure.
2. Upon completion of this section, students should be familiar with the radiological restrictions placed
on non-radiation workers and some of the basic risks associated with radiation.
3. Highlighted portions of this lesson plan are Exelon specific material not covered in NEI 03-04.
B. Purpose
1. The purpose of this training is to provide information on radiation terminology, radiation exposure
risks, use of dosimetry, and restrictions in Radiologically Controlled Areas. This training will allow
workers to remain safe while working in a nuclear power station.
C. Objectives
D. Statement of Evaluation
1. Students will be evaluated by answering questions given on the examination with an accuracy of
80% or better.
II. Basic Terminology
A. All matter is composed of atoms. These atoms combine to form the different elements of nature.
Sometimes, however, an atom may become unstable. When this occurs, an atom will emit packets of
energy or particles, called radiation, in an effort to become more stable.
1. Radiation, or radioactive decay, is the term used to describe the emission of energy or particles from
the atom.
2. Radioactive material is any material that emits radiation as it decays.
3. Contamination is radioactive material where it is not wanted.
4. Dose is the term used to describe the amount of radiation absorbed by the body or a particular organ.
The unit of dose is rem or mrem.
III. Background Radiation
A. Background radiation is low-level radiation from natural or man-made sources. Some examples of
background radiation sources are:
1. cosmic radiation including the sun
2. radon gas
Page 105 of 178

3. fallout from weapons testing
4. radioactive materials in the earth’s crust such as granite and coal
B. The amount of background radiation a person receives is dependent upon a variety of factors, such as
geographical location and altitude of the city in which he lives. On average, however, a person living in
the United States receives about 360 mrem per year from exposure to background radiation. In contrast,
the average nuclear power station worker in the United States receives about an additional 160 mrem per
year from occupational exposure to radiation.
IV. Federal Limit for Declared Pregnant Workers
1. A pregnant employee should understand the potential effects of radiation on an embryo/fetus.
10CFR20.1208 establishes a dose limit for the embryo/fetus.
a. The Federal dose limit to the embryo/fetus of a declared pregnant worker is 500 mRem for the
entire term of the pregnancy.
V. Radiation Monitoring Devices
A. An individual's dose from radiation exposure may be determined by using a radiation monitor. Several
types of radiation monitors are used in a nuclear power station, each with its own particular purpose and
application. For the nonradiation worker, there are only a few of these instruments that are of concern.
They are as follows:
1. The thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) is a small device that is used to
record the amount of radiation to which an individual is exposed when in a
radiologically controlled area (RCA). The TLD result is used as the
permanent dose record for all radiation workers on site. Unless otherwise
specified, it is worn on the front of the body about chest high.
2. The whole body contamination monitor is used when you exit a
Radiologically Controlled Area. This device checks personnel leaving the
area for radioactive contamination.
3. Portal monitors are used to detect personnel contamination as you exit the protected
area. Report nuclear medicine procedures to Radiation Protection prior to the
treatment. Examples include GI tests, Thyroid tests, or Thallium stress tests.
VI. Health Effects of Low Levels of Radiation
A. Research has shown that there is an increase in the risk of cancer and other potential illnesses due to
exposures to high levels of radiation. Therefore, scientists feel it is prudent to assume that there may be
a risk associated with low levels of radiation. Because of this, the federal government has established
limits that are low enough to minimize this risk.
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VII. Nuclear Power Station Risks
A. The delayed effects of radiation exposure, such as cancer, are not a certainty but are expressed in terms
of increased risk.
B. Risks can also be expressed in terms of life expectancy. Following is a table from Regulatory Guide
8.29 that compares the risk of working in a nuclear facility to the risk in other industries:
Estimated Loss of Life Expectancy from Industrial/Health Risks
Health and Safety Risk
of Life Expectancy Loss (Average) Estimates of Days
Smoking 20 cigarettes a day 6 years
Overweight (by 20%) 2 years
Alcohol consumption (U.S. average) 1 year
All accidents combined 1 year
Motor vehicle accidents 207 days
Home accidents 74 days
Construction Industry 227 days
Agriculture 320 days
All industrial hazards 60 days
Occupational Radiation Exposure
0.3 rem/y from age 18 to 65 15 days
1 rem/y from age 18 to 65 51 days
All natural hazards (earthquake, flood, etc.) 7 days
Medical radiation 6 days
VIII. Postings
A. A variety of postings are used to identify specific areas. Some areas of the station are designated as
Radiologically Controlled Areas (RCAs). Entering these areas require additional training. These areas
are posted with signs that include the following characteristics:
1. The background of the sign is yellow.
2. The sign will have a trefoil/three bladed radiation symbol on it.
3. The lettering and radiation symbol is magenta, purple or black.
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B. The postings are usually in the form of signs but can also be in the form of a yellow and magenta rope or
tape. Ropes will normally have a sign hanging from them providing more information about the specific
requirements for the enclosed area.
C. Personnel entering RCAs are responsible for reading and complying with associated postings and labels.
D. Two common Exelon postings are as follows:
1. “Caution – Radiation Area” is an area where an individual can receive a dose equivalent in excess of
5 mrem in one hour at 30cm from the radiation source.
2. “Caution – Contaminated Area” is an area that has smearable contamination present at levels greater
than or equal to 1000dpm/100cm 2 beta/gamma or 20dpm/100cm 2 alpha.
IX. Required Actions
A. Should a radiological posting be encountered, do not enter the area or work on the equipment. The
following are examples of activities that are not allowed unless you are a qualified radiation worker and
are cognizant of radiological conditions prior to work:
1. Removing a manway cover with a radiological posting attached.
2. Working on a pipe that has yellow and magenta tape on it.
3. Entering a radiologically controlled area to pick up trash or to retrieve a tool.
X. Summary
A. Radiation, or radioactive decay, is the term used to describe the emission of energy or particles from the
atom.
B. Radioactive material is any material that emits radiation as it decays.
C. Contamination is radioactive material where it is not wanted.
D. Dose is the term used to describe the amount of radiation absorbed by the body or a particular organ.
The unit of dose is rem or mrem.
E. Background radiation comes from natural or man-made sources.
F. Radiation monitoring devices include:
1. Thermoluminescent dosimeter
2. Whole body contamination monitor
3. Portal monitors
G. Research has shown that there is an increase in the risk of cancer and other potential illnesses due to
exposures to high levels of radiation. Therefore, scientists feel it is prudent to assume that there may be
a risk associated with low levels of radiation. Because of this, the federal government has established
limits that are low enough to minimize this risk.
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H. Working in a nuclear power station is safe compared to other industrial/health risks.
I. Radiological signs include the following characteristics:
1. The background of the sign is yellow.
2. The sign will have a trefoil/three bladed radiation symbol on it.
3. The lettering and radiation symbol is magenta, purple or black.
J. Should a radiological posting be encountered, do not enter the area or work on the equipment, unless
you are a qualified radiation worker.
Page 109 of 178

Course/Program: Nuclear General Employee Training Module/LP ID: RWT
Title: ! Exelon Radiation Worker Training Course Code: N-N-GRP2I, N-N-
GRP2R, N-NGET-
RWT-I, N-NGET-
RWT-R
Author: S. Morse Revision/Date: 09 / 08-08
Prerequisites: Completion of PAT GET Revision By: C. Knox
OBJECTIVES
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Est. Teach Time: 8 hours
Unless stated otherwise, the trainee shall perform the following from memory and in accordance with this
text:
Objective # Objective Description
1. State the basic structure of an atom.
2. Explain how radiation results from the nuclear process.
3. List the sources of radiation in the station.
4. State the four types of radiation found in a commercial nuclear power station.
5. For each of the four types of radiation, explain the following:
#$ Primary source
#$ Penetrating ability
#$ Methods of shielding
#$ Exposure hazard
6. Define the terms Dose Rate and Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE).
7. Calculate a total dose given a dose rate and a period of time.
8. Perform conversions from Rem to millirem and from millirem to Rem.
9. State the effect of radiation on cells.
10. Define the following terms and explain the risks associated with each:
#$ Chronic radiation exposure
#$ Acute radiation exposure
" Copyright 2003 by Exelon Nuclear, All Rights Reserved. Permission for reproduction and use is reserved for Exelon Nuclear.
(Any other use or reproduction is expressly prohibited without the express permission of Exelon Nuclear.)

Objective # Objective Description
11. Define “somatic” and “genetic” effects of radiation exposure.
12. Explain the possible effects of radiation on an unborn child due to prenatal
exposure.
13. Compare the radiosensitivity of different age groups.
14. State the purposes of the NRC Form-4.
15. State the Federal radiation dose limits for:
#$ Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE)
#$ Shallow Dose Equivalent (SDE)
#$ Lens Dose Equivalent (LDE)
#$ Total Organ Dose Equivalent (TODE)
16. State the possible consequences if any Federal radiation dose limit is exceeded.
17. State the Exelon Administrative Dose Control Level for TEDE and the
administrative dose guidelines for LDE, SDE, and TODE.
18. State the actions to be taken if an Exelon Administrative Dose Control Level or
administrative guidelines are being approached.
19. State the Federal dose limits for an embryo/fetus and the rights of a declared
pregnant female.
20. Define a Planned Special Exposure (PSE).
21. State the purpose of ALARA.
22. Describe the station ALARA program.
23. Explain how time, distance, and shielding may be used to reduce dose, and state
methods to implement each of these concepts.
24. State the individual responsibilities regarding temporary shielding.
25. Calculate stay time given a dose rate, current exposure, and an exposure
limit.
26. State the purpose of dosimetry.
27. List the types of radiation detected by the following devices:
#$ Thermoluminescent Dosimeters (TLD)
#$ Direct Reading Dosimeter (DRD)
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Objective # Objective Description
28. Explain how to wear dosimetry devices properly including placement and
orientation.
29. State the modes, methods and frequency for operating and reading dosimetry.
30. State where and when TLDs and DRDs are issued and returned.
31. State the actions(s) to be taken if dosimetry is lost, damaged, off-scale, or
alarming.
32. State the types of contamination found in nuclear power stations and explain why
contamination is controlled.
33. State contamination units, sources, and indications.
34. Explain methods to prevent the spread of contamination.
35. Explain the individual’s actions for removing material from the RCA or
Contaminated Area.
36. Explain how to monitor personnel and personal items for contamination and
actions to take if contamination is indicated.
37. State the method for control of contaminated tools, equipment and materials.
38. State the methods used to designate contaminated areas including postings and
step-off pads.
39. Explain the hazards associated with discrete radioactive particles including:
#$ Methods to identify discrete radioactive particles
#$ Sources of discrete radioactive particles
#$ Work activities which cause discrete radioactive particles
#$ Precautions to be used regarding discrete radioactive particles
40. Explain situations that require personnel to exit a contaminated area.
41. State four pathways for radioactive material to enter the body.
42. State the methods used to limit the internal deposition of radioactive materials.
43. State the processes by which radioactive material is eliminated from the body.
44. State the methods used to determine the amount of radioactive material deposited
in the body.
45. Define the following:
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Objective # Objective Description
#$ Committed Effective Dose Equivalent (CEDE)
#$ Annual limit on Intake (ALI)
#$ Derived Air Concentration (DAC)
46. Explain the relationship between DAC, ALI, CEDE and TEDE.
47. Explain station conditions that may increase the potential for airborne
radioactivity.
48. State the function of a Radiation Work Permit (RWP).
49. State the types of RWPs and the function of each.
50. Extract information from an RWP.
51. State the responsibility for complying with RWP requirements.
52. Extract information from a survey map.
53. State the required action(s) to be taken if the work scope or radiological
conditions change so that they are not within the scope of the RWP.
54. Define and recognize radiological areas and postings.
54a. State the requirements to enter a HRA/LHRA.
54b. Explain the proper response when finding a HRA/LHRA posting, barrier laying
on the floor or access to HRA/LHRA unlocked and unguarded.
55. State the potential consequences of violating, moving or altering a radiological
posting.
56. State the radiological alarms used in the station and explain the proper response to
given radiological alarms.
57. State the potential consequences of ignoring a radiological alarm.
58. Define “radioactive waste”.
59. Contrast the disposal costs of radioactive waste vs. non-radioactive waste.
60. State the methods for reducing radioactive waste generation.
61. Explain the importance of segregating contaminated waste from:
#$ Clean/Non-contaminated waste
#$ Wet waste
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Objective # Objective Description
#$ Hazardous waste
62. State the rights and responsibilities of the worker with regard to radiation
protection.
63. State the purpose of protective clothing.
64. Explain the steps for inspecting and donning protective clothing.
65. Explain how to conduct work in contaminated areas.
66. Explain how to read your dosimetry while wearing protective clothing in a
contaminated area.
67. Explain how to remove protective clothing and exit a contaminated area using
step off pads.
68. Explain how to perform whole-body frisk.
69. Demonstrate inspecting and donning protective clothing and entering a simulated
contaminated area using step off pads.
70. Demonstrate removing protective clothing and performing a whole body frisk.
References:
10CFR20 - Code of Federal Regulation “Standards For Protection Against Radiation”
INPO ACAD 00-007
RP-AA-203 Exposure Control and Authorization
RP-AA-210 Dosimetry Issue, Usage, and Control
RP-AA-270 Prenatal Radiation Exposure
RP-AA-350 Personnel Contamination Monitoring, Decontamination and Reporting
RP-AA-376 Radiological Postings, Labeling, and Markings
RP-AA-376-1001 Radiological Posting, Labeling, and Marking Standard
RP-AA-401 Operational ALARA Planning and Controls
RP-AA-403 Administration of the Radiation Work Permit Program
RP-AA-410 Selection, Use and Control of Protective Clothing
RP-AA-460 Unescorted Access To and Conduct In Radiologically Controlled Areas
RP-AA-500 Radioactive Material (RAM) Control
LaSalle Commitment – See ATI # 432081-02 (Item is located in Section XII. Radiation Work Permit,
Items F.1 & 2)
Page 114 of 178

I. Introduction
A. Overview
1. Radiation Worker Training (RWT) provides a worker with the knowledge and skills necessary to
enter and work safely within a Radiologically Controlled Area (RCA). RWT contains the
radiological training required for unescorted access to the RCA.
2. Upon completion of this section, the student shall be able to discuss radiation and contamination
principles.
B. Purpose
1. The purpose of this training is to provide information on the structure of an atom and on sources
of radiation so one can remain safe while working in a nuclear power station.
C. Objectives
D. Statement of Evaluation
1. Students will be evaluated by answering questions given on the examination with an accuracy of
80% or better.
2. Initial Radiation Worker Training requires satisfactory completion of a Dressout performance
evaluation.
II. Sources of Radiation
A. Atomic Structure
1. All matter is composed of atoms, which are the smallest part of an element that retains the
characteristics of that element. Atoms, in turn, are composed of three primary components:
a. proton - positively charged particle contained in the nucleus of an atom. The number of
protons in the nucleus determine the characteristics of the element.
b. neutron - neutrally charged particle also contained in the nucleus of
an atom. It is approximately the same size as the proton.
c. electron - negatively charged particle forming a cloud around the
nucleus of an atom. The number of electrons in the cloud of an atom
generally equal the number of protons in the nucleus. They have very
little mass in comparison to the other two components of the atom.
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B. Radioactive Decay
1. When an atom is unstable due to the number of protons,
neutrons, and electrons not being correctly balanced, it will emit
packets of energy or particles to reach stability. It may require
several emissions before becoming stable. These emissions are
called radiation.
2. Operation of a nuclear reactor creates unstable atoms by forcing
a large, stable atom to accept an energized neutron or energized particle. The fission process, in
which two or more smaller atoms are formed from splitting a larger atom, may also result in the
creation of unstable atoms, the emission of radiation, and heat.
3. Radiation may interact with an atom, causing the loss of an electron or multiple electrons. When
an electron is removed, an ion pair is formed. This ion pair consists of a negatively charged
electron and the remaining atom, which is positively charged since it now has more protons than
electrons. This process is called ionization and can change the properties of the atom.
C. Sources of Radiation
1. The station contains many potential sources of radiation. Several examples are:
a. reactor coolant - water that has been in the reactor.
b. fission and activated corrosion products, e.g., cobalt and iron that have been exposed to
radiation in the reactor and have been deposited on station components.
c. reactor fuel
d. reactor operations causing radiation
e. filters that have had reactor coolant flowing
through them
f. reactor components that have been exposed to
radiation
III. Types and Measurement of Radiation
A. Types of Radiation
Page 116 of 178
Just a little humor...
Two atoms are walking down the street
and they run into each other. One says to
the other, “Are you all right?”
“No, I lost an electron!”
“Are you sure?”
“Yeah, I’m positive!” #
1. There are four basic types of ionizing radiation found in a nuclear power station. Each type has
its own characteristics. The four types of radiation are:
a. alpha
b. beta
c. gamma
d. neutron
...Some more #
A neutron goes into a bar and asks the
bartender, “How much for a beer?”
The bartender replies, “For you, no charge!”

B. Characteristics of Radiation
1. Alpha radiation is a particle. Its characteristics are as follows:
a. Primary source is the reactor fuel.
b. Has the least penetrating power of any of the four types identified above. Travel in air is just
an inch or two.
c. It can be shielded by a sheet of paper, by the dead layer of skin on the surface of the body, or
by clothing.
d. Is primarily an internal hazard. It may result in high dose to a sensitive organ if inhaled or
ingested.
2. Beta radiation is a particle originating from the nucleus of an atom. Its characteristics are as
follows:
a. Primary source is activated corrosion and fission products found in fluid within piping.
b. Has more penetrating power than alpha but is limited to a few feet in air or a few layers of
dead skin. It can be shielded by plastic or aluminum.
c. Is primarily a hazard to the skin or lens of the eye. Personnel must work close to a beta
source to receive a significant dose.
3. Gamma radiation is not a particle; it is pure energy with no mass. Its characteristics are as
follows:
a. Primary sources include fission, fission products, and activation products within piping,
including steam in a BWR.
b. Has great penetrating power. It can penetrate the entire body. It is best shielded by very
dense material like lead, steel and concrete. Water may also be used for shielding.
c. Exposure to gamma radiation results in a whole body dose. The most common dose
received at the station is a result of this type of radiation.
4. Neutron radiation is part of the atomic nucleus that has been freed by decay or fission. Its
characteristics are as follows:
a. Primary source is nuclear fission.
b. Has great penetrating power. It is best shielded by water or concrete.
c. Exposure to neutron radiation results in a whole body dose. Most exposures to neutron
radiation occur when personnel enter the containment or drywell while the reactor is
operating.
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C. Dose Rate and Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE)
1. Previously, dose was defined as "the amount of radiation absorbed by the body or a particular
organ."
2. The unit of dose is "Rem". The Rem estimates personal exposure to radiation. A sub-unit of
dose is the "millirem" which is one one-thousandth (1/1000) of a Rem. This is usually
abbreviated as "mRem."
3. Dose rate is the amount of dose received in a specified period of time.
4. The Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE) is a measure of an individual's total whole body
dose. It is determined by adding the external dose to the internal dose.
a. External Dose – dose from energy emitted by radioactive materials (unstable atoms) that are
outside the body. May be referred to as Deep Dose Equivalent (DDE), which is a whole
body dose primarily from gamma radiation.
b. Internal Dose – dose from energy emitted by radioactive materials (unstable atoms) that are
inside the body (lung, stomach, etc.) referred to as Committed Effective Dose Equivalent
(CEDE), which can be alpha, beta, or gamma.
5. TEDE is expressed in terms of Rem or mRem.
D. Calculate Total Dose
1. The unit of dose rate is typically given in millirem per hour, or mRem/hr. If the dose rate of an
area and the individual's time in this area are known, the total dose to the individual may be
estimated as follows:
a. dose rate x time in area = total dose
b. For example, if an individual spent 4 hours in an area with a dose rate of 15 mRem/hr, the
total dose received should be:
E. Unit Conversion
15 mRem/hr x 4 hours = 60 mRem
1. If dose is given in Rem, this number may be converted to mRem by multiplying by 1,000. For
example, 0.300 Rem is equal to 300 mRem. To convert from mRem to Rem, divide by 1,000.
For example, 2,700 mRem is equal to 2.7 Rem.
IV. Biological Effects
A. Effects on Cells
1. The human body is composed of millions of cells that, through natural processes, are always
dying and being replaced by new cells. Excessive exposure to radiation may cause permanent
damage or destruction of cells.
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2. Radiation causes cell damage by ionizing atoms and molecules in the cell, which disrupts normal
cellular chemistry. This radiation also damages chromosomes in the cell nucleus, which may
impair the cell’s reproduction process.
3. Four things may happen when cells are exposed to excessive amounts of ionizing radiation:
a. Nothing
b. Cell damage
c. Cell death
d. Cell mutation
4. Generally speaking, radiosensitivity (cell’s ability to be affected by radiation), increases as the
cell’s division rate and metabolism rate increase. For example, a child is much more sensitive to
radiation dose than an adult.
5. Radiation exposure, both internal and external, can cause adverse effects on the body. The effect
on the body depends on:
a. Area or organ of the body exposed to radiation.
b. Type of radiation exposure.
c. Length and amount of exposure.
B. Chronic vs. Acute Exposure
1. Exposure of an individual to radiation may occur over a short period of time or over months or
years. Chronic exposure usually refers to repeated exposure to low levels of radiation over a
long period of time. Acute exposure usually refers to a large dose of radiation received in a
short period of time, usually less than 24 hours.
2. Scientific studies show that chronic exposure to low levels of radiation may increase the chance
of health problems such as cancer. A member of the general public receives about 360 mRem
per year of chronic radiation, depending on the area of the country and other factors.
3. Assuming whole body exposure, exposure to entire population and no medical treatment, the
risks of health effects depending on the dose is as follows for acute exposure:
a. 0 – 25 Rem No observable effects.
b. 25 – 100 Rem Slight blood changes, no other observable effects.
c. 100 – 200 Rem Vomiting may occur within 3 hours of exposure. Moderate blood changes
are possible. Except for the blood-forming system, recovery will occur in essentially all
cases within a few weeks.
d. 200 – 600 Rem Vomiting for most people occurs within 3 hours. Loss of hair after 2
weeks, severe blood changes, hemorrhaging, and infection. Death may occur. The recovery
period is one month to one year.
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e. 600 –1000 Rem Vomiting occurs within one hour. Other effects include severe blood
changes, hemorrhage, infection, and hair loss. Probability of death is at least 80% within
two months. Survivors convalesce (recover health) over a long period of time.
C. Somatic and Genetic Effects
1. Two classes of effects may occur due to exposure to radiation:
a. Somatic effects
b. Genetic effects
2. Somatic effects occur in the individual that has received the radiation exposure. They are broken
into two groups:
a. Prompt or early effects appear shortly after the exposure (immediately or up to a few months
post exposure). Prompt effects are generally considered the result of a large acute exposure.
Some of the known prompt effects are skin reddening or nausea.
b. Delayed effects occur months or years following an exposure. Since many of the delayed
effects may also be caused by influences other than radiation exposure, it is difficult to
positively assign the cause of the effect to radiation exposure. Delayed effects may result
from acute or chronic exposure. Some of the known delayed effects of radiation are cancer
and cataracts.
3. Genetic effects appear in future generations of an individual who received the radiation dose.
Genetic effects cause damage to genetic material and may appear as birth defects or other
conditions in the future children of an exposed individual and succeeding generations. Studies
have shown that the risk of genetic effects is very small.
D. Effects on an Unborn Child
1. The embryo/fetus is believed to be more sensitive to radiation damage than adults since it is
rapidly developing. If the embryo/fetus is exposed to radiation, teratogenic (abnormal) effects
may be observed in the child after birth. These effects, based on the amount of radiation
received, can range from a slight increase in the chances of mental retardation, abnormal growth,
structural abnormalities, to death.
2. Due to the unborn child’s increased sensitivity to radiation, regulations contained in
10CFR20.1208 impose stricter dose limits on the pregnant female who voluntarily notifies
management of her condition. These limits will be covered in a later section.
E. Effects of Age
1. As discussed earlier in this section, radiation has a greater effect on cells that have a higher rate
of reproduction. As a person ages, most cell reproduction rates slow. Therefore, the effects of
ionizing radiation on the body lessen as an individual grows older.
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F. NRC Form-4
1. Before a station worker is allowed to receive any occupational exposure at the station, all
previous occupational doses of radiation must be recorded on an NRC Form-4. Dose received
during the current year at any other nuclear facility must be recorded and included in the
accumulated dose for the individual and applied toward the exposure limit for the year.
2. Before you will be allowed to work as a radiation worker, you must have a completed and signed
NRC Form-4 on record. It is your responsibility to ensure all exposure is reported to the
company prior to starting work in the station. This form will document all dose you receive for
the entire year.
V. Limits and Guidelines
A. Federal Limits
1. The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) has established Federal dose
limits for radiation workers based on the present understanding of the biological effects of
radiation. The limits are set low enough to prevent prompt effects, to minimize delayed effects,
and to ensure that risks due to radiation exposure are comparable with risks in other industries.
2. Since effects on some parts of the body are greater than those to other parts, the USNRC has
divided the body into different areas and established dose limits for each area. These limits are
specified in Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), part 20. The regulation states
that no licensee shall allow any individual to receive a total occupational dose in excess of the
following values:
a. 5 Rem/yr. – Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE) the sum of the internal dose and
external dose.
b. 15 Rem/yr. – Lens Dose Equivalent (LDE) dose to the lens of the eye.
c. 50 Rem/yr. – Shallow Dose Equivalent (SDE) external exposure of the skin or extremities
(elbows, lower arms, wrists, hands, knees, lower legs, ankles, and feet).
d. 50 Rem/yr. – Total Organ Dose Equivalent (TODE) the sum of the external exposure and
internal exposure to the organ receiving the highest dose.
3. The regulations also state that the licensee should not allow radiation levels in unrestricted areas
that may result in a member of the general population receiving greater than 100 mRem TEDE
per year.
B. Consequences of Exceeding Limits
1. Exceeding the above Federal limits is a serious violation. Station management must evaluate
any incident and report it to the NRC. Depending on the nature and severity of the event, one or
more of the following consequences may occur:
a. Increased risk of adverse health effects.
b. NRC fine.
c. Other NRC action against the station and/or individual.
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d. Possible disciplinary action for willful violation, e.g., suspension of access to the RCA.
C. Exelon Administrative Dose Control Levels (ADCL)
1. The Administrative Dose Control Level (ADCL) for TEDE is 2000 mRem/yr.
2. Administrative dose guidelines have been established to provide an additional measure of
protection for the radiation worker. These guidelines will aid in reducing the potential for a
worker to exceed Federal limits.
3. The following administrative dose guidelines are in effect at all Exelon Nuclear sites:
a. 12 Rem/yr. – Lens Dose Equivalent (LDE)
b. 40 Rem/yr. – Shallow Dose Equivalent (SDE)
c. 40 Rem/yr. – Total Organ Dose Equivalent (TODE)
D. Approaching the Administrative Dose Control Level or administrative guidelines.
1. It could happen that you find yourself about to reach your Administrative Dose Control Level or
administrative dose guideline. It is possible to increase your allowed dose, but only if this is
authorized prior to your current authorized levels being exceeded.
2. The Radiation Protection Manager must review current dose and approve dose extension.
3. Dose extensions are usually given in 500 mRem increments. If the Administrative Dose Control
Level is being approached, the worker’s supervisor is responsible to take the appropriate actions
to either extend the limits or to limit the exposure.
E. Embryo/Fetus Dose Limit
1. A pregnant employee should understand the potential effects of radiation on an embryo/fetus.
10CFR20.1208 establishes a dose limit for the embryo/fetus.
a. The Federal dose limit to the embryo/fetus of a declared pregnant worker is 500 mRem for
the entire term of the pregnancy.
b. An effort shall be made to avoid substantial variation above a uniform monthly exposure rate
of 50 mRem or less of dose equivalent to the embryo/fetus.
2. The above controls will be applied only to women who voluntarily declare their pregnancy or
their intent to become pregnant. This declaration must be made in writing. It is voluntary and
may be withdrawn at any time for any reason. The withdrawal must also be submitted in
writing.
3. Once a declaration of pregnancy is received, the worker will have the option of working in
radiation areas with her dose restricted, or she may request reassignment to a position that has
little or no radiation exposure.
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F. Planned Special Exposure
1. A planned special exposure is an infrequent exposure to radiation separate from, and in addition
to, the annual federal dose limits.
2. This type of exposure may be used only in an exceptional situation where alternatives that might
avoid the higher exposure are unavailable or impractical.
3. It is not anticipated that this type of exposure will be used; but in the unlikely event that it is,
there are several requirements, including senior management approval.
VI. Interim Summary
A. Sources of Radiation
1. An atom is composed of:
a. protons
b. neutrons
c. electrons
2. When an atom is unstable due to the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons not being
correctly balanced, it will emit packets of energy called radiation.
3. Examples of sources of radiation from a station are:
a. reactor coolant - water that has been in the reactor
b. fission and activated corrosion products
c. reactor fuel
d. reactor operations causing radiation
e. filters that have had reactor coolant flowing through them
f. reactor components that have been exposed to radiation
B. Types and Measurement of Radiation
1. The four types of radiation are:
a. alpha
b. beta
c. gamma
d. neutron
2. Alpha radiation is primarily an internal hazard and can be shielded by a sheet of paper, dead
layer of skin, or by clothing.
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3. Beta radiation is primarily a hazard to the skin or lens of the eye and can be shielded by plastic
or aluminum.
4. Gamma radiation exposure results in whole body dose and is best shielded by lead, steel, and
concrete.
5. Neutron radiation exposure results in whole body dose and is best shielded by water or concrete.
6. Dose rate is the amount of dose received in a specified period of time.
7. The Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE) is a measure of an individual's total whole body
dose. It is determined by adding the external dose to the internal dose.
C. Biological Effects
1. Four things may happen when cells are exposed to excessive radiation:
a. Nothing
b. Cell damage
c. Cell death
d. Cell mutation
2. Chronic exposure refers to repeated exposure to low levels of radiation over a long period of
time.
3. Acute exposure refers to a large dose of radiation received in a short period of time.
4. Somatic effects occur in the individual that has received the radiation exposure.
5. Genetic effects appear in future generations of an individual who received the radiation dose.
6. The embryo/fetus is believed to be more sensitive to radiation damage than adults.
7. The effects of ionizing radiation lessen as an individual grows older.
8. Before being allowed to work as a radiation worker, you must have a completed and signed
NRC Form-4 on record.
D. Limits and Guidelines
1. The USNRC has established and set dose limits low enough to prevent prompt effects and
minimize delayed effects.
2. Exceeding Federal dose limits is a serious violation. It is each individual’s responsibility to keep
radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA).
3. Administrative dose guidelines have been established to provide an additional measure of
protection for the radiation worker.
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4. It is possible to increase your allowed dose if authorized prior to your current authorized levels
being exceeded.
5. Embryo/fetus dose limit control can be applied only to women who voluntarily declare their
pregnancy.
6. A planned special exposure is an infrequent exposure to radiation separate from, and in addition
to annual federal dose limits that may be used only in an exceptional situation where alternatives
to avoid higher exposure are unavailable or impractical.
VII. ALARA
A. Purpose of ALARA
1. ALARA is an acronym, meaning As Low As Reasonably Achievable.
2. The purpose of ALARA is to keep the dose of both the individual and group involved with the
performance of a task as low as reasonably achievable and still get the task accomplished. This
includes internal as well as external dose.
3. Required by 10CFR20 to have a formal ALARA program.
B. Station ALARA Program
1. A formal ALARA program represents a management commitment to minimize personnel dose.
This program will help ensure that ALARA concerns are addressed in a systematic manner and
will help make all employees aware of ALARA in their daily work activities.
2. To make the ALARA program effective, several policies and procedures have been established.
There have also been many methods to help reduce dose identified. These are as follows:
a. Pre-job briefing
1) Pre-job briefings can include active participation by RP personnel who may even
physically provide RP coverage for the job.
2) The pre-job briefing should also address any anticipated problem areas in performance
of the task, available alternatives, and expected radiological protection impact.
3) The purpose of a briefing is to ensure workers are aware of the dose rates and other
conditions in these areas. This requirement will be stated on the posting for each area.
You can obtain a briefing from any of the following sources:
a) RP Desk
b) ALARA pre-job brief
c) Ops shift briefing (RP personnel will provide this information)
b. Job planning including worker experience.
c. Training using mockups.
d. Use of radiological practices for dose reduction, such as temporary shielding.
e. Engineering controls.
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3. The individual worker is the most important part of the program. The worker’s actions on the
job determine the dose received and, consequently, the success of the ALARA program.
4. Workers must be alert to changing radiological conditions due to certain station operations such
as:
a. Radiography (testing welds with radioactive sources).
b. Changes in reactor power level.
c. Changes in system lineups.
5. If abnormal radiation levels are noticed, workers should notify their co-workers, leave the area
immediately and notify the RP Department.
C. Time, Distance, and Shielding
1. Time
a. Time is one of the most important tools that you, the worker, can use in keeping dose to a
minimum. Making the most efficient use of time in a radiation field will certainly be
effective in reducing your exposure and, consequently, your dose.
Example:
Assume it takes a worker 20 minutes to adjust a valve using a wrench or 12 minutes using a
ratchet. Using the ratchet will save a considerable amount of dose.
b. Effective planning can also help reduce time. Take the few extra minutes necessary to keep
dose down by:
1) Talking to others about the job and area.
2) Knowing what tools to take.
3) Pre-fabricating where possible.
4) Locating the work area on a map.
5) Minimize crew size.
c. Make sure you understand the job by:
1) Reviewing the radiological survey data.
2) Knowing what areas to avoid.
d. Leaving the area as soon as the work is complete.
2. Distance
a. Distance is also a very effective way of reducing dose. In general, the greater the distance
from a source of radiation, the less the dose received.
b. The dose received may be greatly reduced by:
1) Moving a small distance from the source.
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3. Shielding
2) Example – standing four feet from a valve instead of two feet can reduce your dose by as
much as 75 percent assuming you are not moving closer to another source.
3) Using extension tools.
4) Utilize low-dose areas whenever possible.
5) Stepping away from the radiation source when reading a procedure.
6) Source term reduction – Removal or reduction of area dose rates by actions such as
flushing, hydrolyzing, purging, or removing the component that is the source of
radiation.
a. Permanent and temporary shielding in the station can significantly reduce the dose you
receive by reducing the intensity of a radiation field.
D. Temporary Shielding
1. For temporary shielding to be used, a total dose savings must be realized for the station. That is,
the overall dose for the job, including the dose received during the installation and removal of
the shielding, must be less to make it a sound ALARA decision.
2. Whenever shielding is installed, it is important that workers do not tamper with the shielding, as
this could drastically change the dose rates in the area. Stay clear of temporary shielding
installations (i.e. do not sit, kneel, lay, etc. on shielding).
3. If shielding is blocking the equipment you must work on or your tools, contact RP for resolution.
E. Stay Time Calculation
1. A time limit, called stay time, may also be imposed on an individual because of the amount of
exposure the individual has already received and the dose rate in an area.
2. Stay time is used to ensure an individual does not exceed a limit by restricting the amount of
time allowed in a radiation field.
3. Stay time can be calculated using the following formula:
Stay time = Dose limit – Current dose
Dose rate in the work area
Example:
Assume an employee has received 200 mRem of dose this year and the administrative limit is 1,000
mRem. The employee is assigned to work in an area with a dose rate of 20 mRem per hour. How
long could the individual work on this job before exceeding the limit?
First determine the amount of dose the employee may still receive. Since 1,000 mRem is permitted,
the 200 mRem has been received to date, the employee can receive 800 additional mRem.
(1,000 – 200 = 800)
A total of 800 mRem remains and the dose rate is 20 mRem per hour. Divide the amount allowed
by the rate, or 800/20 = 40 hours. Forty hours is the stay time.
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F. Unplanned Personnel Radiation Exposures
Unanticipated radiological conditions or an individual’s disregard for radiological controls can result
in unplanned and excessive radiation exposures. Very high radiation fields are present in certain
areas of nuclear power plants during some activities. Entry into these high fields, even for a brief
period, could result in the unnecessary exposure of personnel to doses several times greater than
established limits and, in extreme cases, could jeopardize the health and safety of personnel.
A review of industry events indicates a number of common factors that contribute to overexposures.
Addressing these factors can significantly reduce the probability of an overexposure event occurring.
VIII. Radiation Dosimetry
A. Purpose of Radiation Dosimetry
1. Dosimetry is used to determine the amount of external dose received by the worker.
2. Use of dosimetry for personnel monitoring is important to ensure we stay within control levels
for worker protection.
B. Types of Dosimeters
1. Many types of dosimeters are used in the industry. There are two basic types.
a. Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD)
1) Measures external exposure to personnel while in the station.
2) Does not provide real-time dose information. TLDs must be “processed” at a later time
to determine dose to worker (TLDs are typically processed semi-annually).
3) TLD is used for the permanent occupational external dose record. The TLD represents
the radiation workers Dosimeter of Legal Record for external dose.
4) TLD detects and measures dose from beta, gamma and neutron radiation. Skin and lens
of eye dose can also be assessed.
b. Direct-Reading Dosimeters (DRD).
1) Electronic Dosimeters (ED)
a) Worn in close proximity to TLD (i.e. hands width, within 6
inches) and provide a real-time estimate of dose received
while on the job.
(1) When wearing protective clothing, electronic dosimeters are required to be
worn in the external pocket or on an outside loop, such that it is easily read
by the wearer. (FME controls must be implemented to prevent loss).
b) Also provide general area dose rate information.
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c) Have various alarms that activate if some preset conditions are exceeded.
d) Designed to measure gamma radiation.
2) Pocket Ion Chambers
C. Wearing Dosimetry Devices
a) Provides a real-time estimate of dose received while on the job.
b) Designed to measure gamma radiation.
c) Since the introduction of EDs, the use of Pocket Ion Chambers
has dramatically decreased. They may be used in emergency kits or other instances
where an ED reader is not readily available. Pocket Ion Chambers do not have alarm
capabilities.
1. Dosimetry should be worn on the front of the body between the waist and shoulders, (normally
at chest height), unless otherwise specified on the RWP. Wear the primary (TLD) and
secondary (electronic) whole body dosimeters within six inches or less of each other on the chest
region unless otherwise specified by Radiation Protection Supervision or the RWP.
2. The TLD beta window should face away from the body and be located next to the ED or Pocket
Ion Chamber if used.
3. Additional or special dosimeters may be required for certain jobs where the dose rates to areas of
the body may be higher than those to the chest region (i.e., when work is being performed in
non-uniform dose rate fields where worker to source orientation is subject to change). A
Wireless Remote Monitor (WRM) may also be attached to the ED as a dose reduction tool. RP
can remotely monitor an individual’s accumulated exposure and working does rate.
4. For multiple TLD and extremity placements, the most conservative reading will be recorded on
the legal record in the respective category.
D. Use of Dosimeters
NOTE
ED readings have been affected by cell
phones, plant radios, microwaves, and arc
welding.
1. The TLD should be handled with care and not tampered with; note that the only way to obtain
any information from the TLD is through the use of a special TLD reader and associated
software.
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2. The ED has two modes of operation:
a. A button on the ED allows you to change from the dose to the dose rate mode of operation
and vice versa.
b. Each mode has an active preset alarm that will sound when the thresholds have been
exceeded, regardless of the mode you are in.
c. The Accumulated Dose Mode: Provides a readout of estimated dose in units of mRem.
After activating an ED, VERIFY the display indicates 0 mRem. If not, return the ED.
1) Accumulated Dose Alarm: The dose alarm will activate if the preset accumulated dose
threshold has been exceeded. An alternating tone indicates the alarm for accumulated
dose. The Dose Rate Mode: The dose rate mode gives an estimate of the current dose
rate.
d. Dose Rate Alarm: The dose rate alarm is activated when your dose rate is greater than the
preset allowable dose rate.
1) The dose rate alarm will stop if you move to an area that is below the predetermined
dose rate setpoint. An audible steady tone indicates an alarm.
2) The ED should never be used by personnel as a hand held dose rate meter.
3. Remember to review your Radiation Work Permit (RWP) for instructions regarding the dose and
dose rate alarms prior to entering the RCA.
4. Be sure you check your dosimetry frequently, especially when working in areas with high noise
levels. Check with Radiation Protection for the availability of an adaptor, which when attached
to the ED vibrates when alarming.
a. While working in a Radiologically Controlled Area, you are expected to check your
Electronic Dosimeter frequently in Radiation Areas and more frequently in High Radiation
Areas. You are also expected to exit the area prior to receiving your cumulative alarm.
5. The Pocket Ion Chamber is read by looking through the barrel part while pointing the Pocket Ion
Chamber at a light source.
6. The Pocket Ion Chamber scale should be horizontal.
7. The Pocket Ion Chamber should not be subjected to shock or high humidity since these
conditions could affect its accuracy.
E. Obtaining and Returning Dosimetry
1. Electronic Dosimetry
a. EDs are obtained before entering the RCA and are “logged in” and activated by a
computerized access control system that sets the appropriate accumulated dose/dose rate
thresholds designated by the selected RWP.
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. When exiting the RCA, individuals will return their ED to storage after the dosimeter is
“logged out” by the computerized access system. Individuals MUST return EDs that are
“logged out” to storage.
2. TLDs
a. TLDs are obtained through Dosimetry of the Radiation Protection Department.
b. The TLD shall be stored with the security badge or key card when not in use.
c. Return the TLD to Dosimetry upon termination of the badge.
d. Do NOT put the TLD through the x-ray machine.
F. Actions for Abnormal Conditions
1. When working in the RCA, several conditions will require you to take action. Some of these are
as follows:
a. If you should discover any of your dosimetry lost, damaged, or missing, you should place
your job in a safe condition, immediately leave the RCA and report to RP.
b. If while on the job you discover your dosimeter is alarming:
IX. Contamination
1) Dose Rate Alarm: place your job in a safe condition, immediately notify your
coworkers, leave the RCA and notify RP UNLESS directed otherwise by RP.
2) Accumulated Dose Alarm: place your job in a safe condition, immediately notify your
coworkers, leave the RCA and notify RP.
3) If the dosimeter does not appear to be working correctly or damaged, leave the RCA and
return the defective dosimeter to RP.
A. Types of Contamination
1. Contamination is defined as radioactive material where it is not desired. The two major sources
of contamination at a nuclear station are fission products and activated corrosion and wear
products such as rust or metal fragments. In either case, these products are transported
throughout the systems that carry reactor water and steam. Leaks and maintenance activities in
these systems may allow radioactive materials to be released and to accumulate on the walls and
floors. This creates a contamination problem for personnel who have to work in these areas and
may also contribute to a hot particle problem.
2. Fixed contamination
a. Fixed contamination is surface contamination that has become embedded in an object so that
it cannot be removed using normal cleaning methods.
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. Fixed contamination can become airborne or be spread through activities such as grinding or
welding.
c. Fixed contamination can become loose surface contamination through the process of
leaching.
3. Loose surface contamination
a. Loose surface contamination is contamination that is loosely adhered to an object or surface.
b. This type of contamination is sometimes referred to as “smearable” contamination.
c. Two problems associated with loose surface contamination are:
1) It is easily transferred to another area or person.
2) It can become airborne if disturbed.
d. Discrete radioactive particles
1) Discrete radioactive particles are very small radioactive particles that may be too small
to be seen.
2) These particles can be highly radioactive and can cause a high dose to a very small
localized area of the skin.
3) If ingested, a discrete radioactive particle can give a large dose to an internal organ.
B. Contamination Units, Sources, and Indications
Because contamination is radioactive, it is measured by the level of activity. The more
contamination there is, the higher the activity will be.
1. The units for measuring contamination are counts per minute (cpm) or disintegrations per minute
(dpm) per unit area. This is typically dpm/100cm2.
2. Potential sources of contamination include:
#$ spills and leaks from a system carrying reactor water
#$ open contaminated systems
#$ grinding on equipment with fixed contamination
#$ disassembly of a station component with internal contamination
Therefore, when working in an area or on a system that is potentially contaminated, be sensitive to
indications of contamination.
3. The following are examples of potential indications of contamination:
#$ reactor water is leaking from a pipe, pump, or valve
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#$ a pipe is being removed from a potentially contaminated system
#$ maintenance on a potentially contaminated system
#$ water standing on the floor near or under a contaminated system
#$ a rise in frisker counts or a frisker alarm
You should use care around potentially contaminated systems because you may contaminate yourself or
spread contamination around the station.
C. Methods to Prevent the Spread of Contamination
1. It is important not to spread contamination. If contamination were not controlled, it could
eventually be spread to areas where it is not wanted. This could result in unnecessary
radioactive waste, lost time, unmonitored dose, and increased costs associated with subsequent
clean-up efforts.
2. There are several methods that are effective in preventing the spread of contamination. These
include:
#$ Planning a job and use of pre-job briefings
#$ Using protective clothing when working in a contaminated area. Protective clothing
information is discussed later in the Protective Clothing module
#$ Using the nearest contamination monitor when exiting a contaminated area
#$ Avoiding water that is around or under a contaminated system
#$ Securing hoses or cords that extend from a non-contaminated area to a contaminated area
#$ Using catch containments, glove bags, or absorbent material
#$ Using step-off-pads and warning signs
#$ Decontamination of surfaces and components prior to start of work AND after work is
complete
#$ Restricting entrance to contaminated areas or to potentially contaminated areas that are not
routinely monitored for contamination
#$ Using engineering controls such as temporary ventilation with special filters and use of
specially designed enclosures
#$ Keeping the workplace clean.
#$ Use good work practices to prevent the spread of contamination.
D. Removing Material From the Radiologically Controlled Area (RCA) or Contaminated Area
1. All material, including notebooks, tools, parts, flashlights, etc., to be removed from a
Radiologically Controlled Area (RCA), must first be surveyed for contamination.
a. A hand-held frisker and the Small Articles Monitor (SAM) are examples of devices used to
survey items out of the RCA.
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. The hand-held frisker is used by RP only to survey items for release.
c. Personal articles can be surveyed out of the RCA, through the SAM, by a radiation worker
provided they were not used in a contaminated area. Note: Radiation worker authorization
for use of the SAM is dictated by station policy.
d. If material is found not to be radioactive then it may be released from the RCA.
e. If material is found to be radioactive:
1) RP will label material.
#$ Material with dose rates greater than 2 mRem/hr on contact or has smearable
contamination will be tagged with radiological information.
#$ Material with dose rates less than 2 mRem/hr on contact and no smearable
contamination is labeled solely, “Caution – Radioactive Material”.
2) Radioactive material must be escorted by RP if transported or used outside of the RCA.
E. Personnel Contamination Monitoring
1. Primary methods used to monitor personnel contamination are the Frisker and the Personnel
Contamination Monitor. The PCM is the preferred equipment.
2. Frisker:
USE THE CLOSEST CONTAMINATION
MONITOR AVAILABLE WHEN EXITING
A CONTAMINATED AREA.
a. The frisker has a hand-held probe that is slowly passed over the area of interest and a meter
that indicates contamination in units of Counts Per Minute (CPM).
b. To use the frisker, perform the following:
1) Verify the unit is ready for use:
a) The frisker is on
b) Set to the times one (X1) scale
c) Volume is up
d) Calibration sticker and daily source check is current
2) Check background radiation.
a) If greater than the specified background count rate (300 cpm), call RP. RP may ask
you to move to another frisker.
b) A preliminary survey may be performed in an area >300cpm prior to transit to a

3) Frisk hands prior to handling the probe.
a) Survey should be performed at a speed of approximately 2 inches per second at a
maximum distance of ½ inch.
4) Frisk all sides of hand-held items such as dosimetry.
5) Frisk entire body with the probe.
a) It should take approximately 2-5 minutes to frisk entire body.
b) Recommended order:
#$ Head and hardhat (pause at mouth and nose)
#$ Neck and shoulders
#$ Arms (pause at each elbow)
#$ Chest and abdomen
#$ Back, hips, and seat of pants
#$ Legs (pause at each knee)
#$ Shoe bottoms ( pause at sole and heel)
#$ Shoe tops
#$ Dosimetry
c) Carefully return probe (face up or side for next person) and leave area.
d) If the frisker reads greater than 100 counts above background at any time during the
frisk, re-monitor the area. If contamination is verified or suspected, remain in the
area and contact RP for assistance.
3. Personnel Contamination Monitor
Examples of personnel contamination monitors are the Personal Contamination Monitor (PCM), IPM7,
and APTEC.
a. To use a monitor, enter the monitor and follow the directions. Note: Hand held items such
as gloves and paperwork are monitored by use of a SAM.
b. If the monitor does not alarm, exit the monitor and proceed as normal.
c. If the monitor alarms:
1) Re-monitor.
2) If monitor alarms again, STOP, contact RP. Avoid spreading contamination by
controlling your movement, and minimize contact with any other person or items.
USE THE CLOSEST CONTAMINATION
MONITOR AVAILABLE WHEN EXITING A
CONTAMINATED AREA.
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F. Control of Contaminated Materials
1. When working on contaminated systems, it is possible to contaminate tools, equipment or
materials. Company policy is to minimize the contamination of these materials.
2. Some of the things that you can do to help in this effort are:
a. Minimize the amount of material contaminated while on the job. Use only those tools that
are necessary.
b. Do not take packing material into the RCA and minimize the amount of trash generated in
the RCA.
c. When working in a contaminated area, use tools with fixed contamination, when possible.
d. If a contaminated article needs to be taken out of a contaminated area, it should be bagged
and clearly labeled. It is to be surveyed by RP prior to removal.
G. Contamination Area Postings
1. Signs warning of known contaminated areas are used in the station. These areas are:
a. Contamination Area – This is an area that has greater than 1,000 dpm/100 cm 2 of beta plus
gamma. Entering this area requires RWP authorization. The RWP will specify entry
requirements.
b. An area designated as a Contamination Area will be posted. The area is typically roped off
with yellow and magenta rope with signs hanging from the rope with the area designation.
There is an entrance and exit to the area with a step-off pad. These are the only authorized
ways in and out of the area.
c. Do not enter the area or reach over the ropes unless authorized by RP.
Failure to adhere to these requirements can result in the spread of contamination, personnel contamination,
and disciplinary actions.
NOTE
Overhead areas are not routinely surveyed and in many cases are
contaminated. Workers can not access overhead areas without informing
RP so that proper controls can be established.
H. Discrete Radioactive Particles
As mentioned earlier, discrete radioactive particles are very small but can deliver a large localized
dose.
1. There are several ways to identify a discrete radioactive particle:
a. When frisking, a discrete radioactive particle can cause the meter to rapidly rise to a much
higher count rate. The frisker will respond only if it is close enough to the discrete
radioactive particle.
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. The whole body personnel contamination monitor is effective in finding discrete radioactive
particles.
2. Discrete radioactive particles originate in the nuclear fuel or from corrosion products.
Therefore, work that involves systems connected to the reactor or systems with activated
corrosion products may expose workers to discrete radioactive particles.
3. Some precautions that should be used in areas that may contain discrete radioactive particles are
careful review of the RWP survey map for discrete radioactive particle contamination areas, use
of Protective Clothing as required by the RWP, and careful monitoring for discrete radioactive
particles when exiting the area.
I. Conditions Requiring Exiting a Contaminated Area
1. Some unusual situations may require exiting the contaminated area immediately. Insure you
follow the direction of site announcements and Radiation Protection. If any of the following
occur, place the job in a safe condition, immediately leave the area, and contact Radiation
Protection:
a. Cut or torn Protective Clothing
b. Cuts, abrasions, or any other type of open wound
c. Protective Clothing wet from a leak or spill
d. Directed to leave by RP
e. Lost or damaged dosimetry
f. As directed by alarms, sirens, or announcements from the Control Room.
X. Internal Radiation Exposure
A. Methods of Internal Deposition
1. There are four primary methods that will allow radioactive material in the body.
a. Inhalation – breathing it in
b. Ingestion – eating, drinking, chewing or swallowing
c. Absorption – absorbing it through the skin
d. Open wounds – entering through an open wound or sore. Make sure all wounds are
identified to RP prior to entering RCA.
B. Methods to Limit Internal Deposition of Radioactive Materials
1. No eating, drinking, smoking, or chewing within the RCA unless specifically allowed by RP.
2. Use S.T.A.R. when entering an RCA. Check yourself for contraband items (i.e. – cigarettes,
chewing tobacco, gum, candy, lozenges, etc.).
NOTE
Water is provided in clean areas where there are
heat stress concerns. Monitoring for
contamination is required prior to entry into
these areas.
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3. Engineering and workplace controls should be the primary mechanisms for maintaining internal
radiation doses to workers as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA).
a. Engineering controls can limit internal exposure by establishing conditions that improve the
radiological environment for workers:
1) Install ventilation systems with temporary filters, commonly known as HEPA filters
2) Isolate potentially radioactive steam leaks
3) Shifting ventilation flowpaths
4. Use of respirators/other protective equipment
a. TEDE must be considered prior to wearing a respirator.
b. It normally takes longer to accomplish a task wearing a respirator.
5. Keeping track of time limits and the use of monitoring devices while in a contaminated area.
C. Elimination of Internal Depositions
1. There are two basic processes that eliminate internal depositions:
a. Biological Processes- Natural bodily mechanisms will cause many types of internal
deposition to be eliminated from the body.
b. Radioactive Decay--Radiological decay lowers the amount of radioactivity in the body as
time passes. The amount of time required for a radionuclide to decay is dependent on the
isotope and can vary from seconds to many years (this is called radiological half-life).
D. Measuring Internally Deposited Activity
1. There are three primary ways to determine the amount of internal radioactivity.
a. Whole Body Count:
1) A device used to directly measure and identify the radioactivity/contamination deposited
in or on the body.
b. Bioassays:
1) A laboratory evaluation of biological material (usually a urine or fecal sample) for
purposes of estimating the quantity of radioactive material in the body.
2) This technique may be required when the presence of non-gamma emitting radionuclides
is suspected (i.e., whole body counter cannot detect such radionuclides).
c. Whole Body Screen/Passive Monitoring
1) A simple survey of workers to evaluate the presence of significant internal radioactivity.
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E. Internal Dose General Concepts & Terminology
1. The mouth and nose are the most common pathways for the intake of radioactive material.
Federal law limits the amount of internal dose.
a. Committed Effective Dose Equivalent (CEDE) - the amount of assigned internal dose that
relates organ dose to the whole body dose.
b. Annual Limit on Intake (ALI) - the amount of airborne radioactive material you would
have to breath in to receive a CEDE of 5 Rem effective dose equivalent or 50 Rem to any
organ. Each individual is limited to one ALI per year.
c. Derived Air Concentration (DAC) - the concentration of radioactive material in air which
would result in a volume (and equivalent dose) of one ALI if breathed for 2000 hours.
1ALI=2000 DAC-hrs
F. Relating CEDE, ALI, DAC and TEDE
1. Since 5 Rem internal exposure is equivalent to 2000 DAC-hrs., 1 DAC-hr. is equivalent to 2.5
mRem (5000 mRem/2000 DAC-hr.=2.5 mRem/DAC-hr.).
2. TEDE (Total Effective Dose Equivalent) is the sum of the external whole body dose (Deep Dose
Equivalent) and the internal whole body dose (Committed Effective Dose Equivalent).
DDE + CEDE = TEDE
Problem: A worker is assigned the task of repairing a door in a radiological area. The area has a
dose rate of 24 mRem/hr and also has some airborne radioactivity. From experience with this door,
the worker knows it will take 2 hours and 20 minutes to make the repair with a respirator or 2 hours
without a respirator. If the job is done without a respirator, he will receive two DAC-hours internal
exposure.
Q: If the worker wears a respirator, what will the total dose be?
A: The total dose will be: 24 mRem/hr x 2.33 hr = 56 mRem.
Q: If the worker does not wear a respirator, what will the total exposure (TEDE) be?
A: The total dose will be: (24 mRem/hr x 2 hr) + (2 DAC x 2.5 mRem/DAC) = 53 mRem.
Q: Which worker received less dose?
A: The worker not wearing the respirator.
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G. Airborne Radioactivity Hazards
1. It is extremely important to remember that there are many types of activities you may become
involved with in the RCA that can increase the amount of airborne radioactivity, and hence your
potential internal exposure:
a. brushing or sweeping
b. fans blowing in dusty areas
c. steam leaks
d. sanding, grinding, or welding on a contaminated pipe
e. A wet contaminated area that is drying out
f. Breaching contaminated systems
2. BE ALERT TO THE TYPES OF CONDITIONS THAT CAN INCREASE THE
AIRBORNE ACTIVITY LEVELS AND YOUR TOTAL DOSE (TEDE).
XI. Interim Summary
A. ALARA
1. The purpose of ALARA is to keep the dose of both the individual and group involved with the
performance of a task as low as reasonable achievable.
2. The individual worker is the most important part of the ALARA program.
3. ALARA concepts include time, distance, and shielding.
4. Stay time is used to ensure an individual does not exceed a limit by restricting the amount of
time allowed in a radiation field.
B. Radiation Dosimetry
1. Dosimetry is used to monitor the amount of external dose received by the worker.
2. The types of dosimetry are the TLD and DRD.
3. Dosimetry should be worn together on the front of the body between the waist and shoulders,
unless otherwise specified on the RWP.
4. The TLD should be handled with care and not tampered with; note that the only way to obtain
any information from the TLD is through the use of a special TLD reader and associated
software.
5. The ED should never be used by personnel as a hand held dose rate meter.
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6. The Pocket Ion Chamber should not be subjected to shock or high humidity since these
conditions could affect its accuracy.
7. EDs are obtained before entering the RCA.
8. If you discover any of your dosimetry is lost, damaged, alarming, or does not appear to be
working correctly, leave the RCA and notify RP.
C. Contamination
1. Types of contamination include fixed, loose surface contamination, and discrete radioactive
particles.
2. The units for contamination are counts per minute (cpm) or disintegrations per minute (dpm) per
unit area.
3. Some potential sources of contamination include spills or leaks from a system carrying reactor
water, open contaminated systems, grinding on equipment with fixed contamination.
4. Some potential indications of contamination include reactor water leaking from a pipe, a rise in
frisker counts, water standing on the floor near or under a contaminated system.
5. Some methods used to prevent the spread of contamination include the use of pre-job briefings,
protective clothing, catch containments and engineering controls.
6. Contaminated areas will be clearly indicated through the use of postings and step-off pads.
7. No material is to be removed from the RCA without first being checked for contamination by
Radiation Protection.
8. Primary methods used to monitor personal contamination are the frisker and the personal
contamination monitor.
9. To minimize contamination of materials, use only tools that are necessary for the job; do not
take packing material into the RCA and use tools with fixed contamination when working in
contaminated areas.
10. Discrete radioactive particles are very small but can deliver a large localized dose.
11. Some conditions that require exiting a contaminated area are cut or torn Protective Clothing,
open wounds, lost or damaged dosimetry, or as directed by alarms, sirens, or announcements
from the Control Room.
D. Internal Radiation Exposure
1. Radioactive material can enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, absorption, and open
wounds.
2. Methods to limit internal deposition of radioactive material include no eating, drinking, smoking
or chewing in the RCA unless authorized by RP and engineering controls.
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3. Internal deposition of radioactive material may be eliminated from the body by urinary
excretion, fecal excretion, perspiration and radioactive decay.
4. The three primary ways to determine the amount of internal radioactivity include the Whole
Body Counter, bioassay, and Whole Body Screening/Passive Monitoring.
5. Inhalation through the nose and mouth is the most common pathway for receiving internal
radiation exposure.
6. TEDE is the sum of external whole body dose (DDE) and the internal whole body dose (CEDE).
7. Many types of activities can increase the amount of airborne radioactivity such as brushing,
sweeping, steam leaks, sanding, breaching of contaminated systems, etc.
XII. Radiation Work Permit
A. Function of RWP
1. A radiation work permit contains details concerning a radiological area that will help you
minimize dose and reduce the likelihood of becoming contaminated or spreading contamination.
As a radiation worker, the RWP is one of the most important tools you have available in
achieving your ALARA goals. The RWP has three major functions:
a. An RWP authorizes individuals to enter radiological areas. There are RWPs for all
radiological areas of the station.
b. An RWP provides you with the radiological requirements necessary for you to work in the
area which may include protective clothing, equipment required, special procedures, and
precautions to be followed.
c. An RWP provides you with information regarding the radiological conditions and hazards in
your work area.
B. Types of RWPs
1. Examples of the different types of RWPs utilized for repetitive, general, or routine work may be
referred to as:
a. Standing RWP
b. General RWP
c. Work Group RWP
d. Area Standing RWP
e. Departmental Generic RWP
f. Area Access RWP
2. Types of RWPs utilized for specific tasks which may not be of a routine nature may be referred
to as a Specific RWP or a Job Specific RWP.
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C. RWP Worker Information
1. An RWP also contains information that will help you work in a radiologically safe manner by
providing you with information such as clothing requirements, dosimetry requirements, and any
other special requirements that will help you with your job. The RWP may contain the
following information:
a. RWP NUMBER: Each RWP has its own number for documentation and tracking purposes.
This number will never be reused for another RWP.
b. LOCATION: Gives specific locations that are covered by this RWP. Locations are by Unit,
Building, Elevation, Room/Area.
c. DESCRIPTION OF WORK: Brief description of the work that is approved when working
under this RWP.
d. EXPOSURE MONITORING REQUIRED: Dosimetry needed to safely complete this task
will be stated in this section. (TLD, Extremity dosimetry, Electronic dosimetry, Neutron
dosimetry, Multiple dosimetry, etc.)
e. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Clothing needed to perform the task or portions of the task will
be listed in this section.
f. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION REQUIRED: If respiratory protection is needed to
complete any portion of this task it will be stated in this section.
g. SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: Special requirements or hold points will be explained in this
section.
h. ED SETTINGS: The dose you are allowed to receive and the allowed dose rate alarms are
listed in this section. The ED alarm settings are automatically set for you when you process
into the access computer, but it is your responsibility to know them.
D. RWP Compliance
1. All requirements contained in an RWP are there to protect you and your coworkers from
receiving unnecessary dose. Therefore, it is important for you to ensure the requirements and
the intent of the requirements is met. Station management and your supervisor expect you to
always be in full compliance with all RWP requirements. Failure to comply with the RWP
requirements may result in a radiological event, increased dose, the spread of contamination, or
other radiological problems. This could also result in Exelon being fined, other regulatory
actions, or disciplinary action up to and including termination.
2. You must read, understand and comply with all aspects of the RWP under which your job is
conducted.
E. Survey Maps
1. Survey maps generally show a drawing of the area covered by the RWP. Survey Maps contain
information such as:
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a. Levels of contamination - Contamination levels are measured in units of disintegrations per
minute/100 centimeter squared (dpm/100cm 2 ).
b. Dose rates - in mRem or Rem per hour, (mRem/hr or Rem/hr) taken at chest level unless
indicated otherwise
c. Low Dose waiting areas (if applicable)
d. Radiological Postings
e. RWP number for which the survey was performed
f. Date that the survey was performed
g. Location of area or component to be worked
Legends (normally provided) distinguish different symbols used on the map
F. Radiation Worker Pocket RWP Data Sheet
1. Each worker will be given a “Radiation Worker Pocket RWP Data Sheet” so they can document
radiological information that is important to their specific job.
2. Workers are required to complete the appropriate information on this sheet prior to entry into the
RCA. This information can be obtained from the RWP, Survey Map, and Pre-job Brief.
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G. Change in Conditions
1. When working in some station areas, the radiological conditions can rapidly change. If the
radiation levels should increase, this will increase the rate at which you are receiving dose.
These changes may not be apparent since the cause of the change may happen in a different area
of the station.
a. Radiological conditions can change with reactor power levels, starting of a pump or heat
exchanger, movement of shielding, or some other reason. Therefore, it is important to
monitor your dose on a frequent basis.
b. If you discover that the radiological conditions are different than expected, or if the
conditions change unexpectedly, inform others that may be affected to exit the area and
contact RP.
c. If, while working on a task in the RCA, the scope of the job changes, contact RP before
proceeding. This could include:
1) Moving of component not originally planned
2) Opening of a contaminated system
3) Movement of shielding
d. At Exelon Nuclear Plants, Radiation Protection performs surveys of the plant up to 7 feet.
Areas above 7 feet are not normally surveyed, and conditions are not always consistent with
the floor elevation. If for any reason you need to go above 7 feet by climbing on piping,
building scaffold, use of a ladder, etc, you will need to contact Radiation Protection for an
evaluation. At no time should you leave the main floor elevation without consulting
Radiation Protection. The consequence of entering an area that is not surveyed is potential
radiation overexposure or contamination event. You are personally accountable for
requirements in your Radiation Work Permit (RWP), which includes instructions for areas
greater than 7 feet.
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EXAMPLE:
#
#
I
N
S
T
R
.
R
A
C
K
10
15
22
V 12 B
200
35
14
21
= Air Sample Location
= Smear Location
= Gamma
1
T 12 A
20
V 12 A
All dose rates are in mRem/hour unless otherwise noted.
All dose rates are at chest level unless otherwise noted.
Smears are NUCON smears ( 100 cm 2 ) in contaminated areas.
Smears are ( L ) in clean areas or to release contaminated areas.
13
70
Dose Rate and Contamination Survey
Date Yesterday
Time 12:00
Inst Used Serial #
CP 23
GM 10
Air Sampler 43
RWP Number 950001 Rev 00
NOTE : All dose rates are in mrem/hr unless
otherwise noted . All dose rates at chest level
unless otherwise noted .
1
2
17
16
23
100
40
= Sign Postings
( L ) = Large Area Smears
= Step Off Pads
Reviewed by : _____________________ Date ; ___________
12
3
Page 146 of 178
H O L D IN G T A N K R O O M
Danger High Radiation Area
Contaminated Area
Authorized Entry Only
LOW DOSE AREA
2
19
15
220/150/10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
10
4
P 11 A
NCF
NCF
1K
2K
2K
7K
10K
12K
15K
30K
58K
18K
100
11
100
18
5
HOLDING
TANK
9
MOV 11A
10 70
dpm / 100 cm 2
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
100
8
180
18K
15K
17K
21K
20K
15K
12K
10K
8K
7K
10K
7
6
Hot Spot
500 @ 1 cm
200 30 cm

Radiological Survey Map Symbols / Abbreviations
# gamma dose rate (mR / hr) # N neutron dose rates (mrem / hr)
# B beta dose rate (mrad / hour) # / # dose rate (mR / hr) at contact / 30 cm
Hd Head Ch Chest
Kn Knee W Waist
O smear location (number inside of circle) L Large Area Smear
K value times1000 M Value times 1,000,000
dpm disintegrations per minute ccpm corrected counts per minute
R R/hr RAD RAD/hr
DF Direct Frisk (# K) smearable contamination (dpm / area )
NBD or NDB No Detectable Beta DAC Derived Air Concentration
Air sample location DRP Discrete Radioactive Particle
x-x-x or ---- radiological boundary SOP step off pad
RA Radiation Area HRA High Radiation Area
RAM Radioactive Materials CA Contaminated Area
AB Airborne Radioactivity Area VHRA Very High Radiation Area
LHRA Locked High Rad Area LDA Low Dose Area
RCA Radiological Controlled Area NRA Neutron Radiation Area
ZI Zone I dress requirement ZII or Z2 Zone II dress requirement
ZIII or Z3 Zone III dress requirement Z Swing Gate/Turnstile
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XIII. Radiological Postings
A. Types of Postings
1. Several different types of radiation conditions may exist in the station. Before entering any type of
radiological area, you must meet the requirements of the RWP. The following are common types
of postings that may be encountered and their meanings:
a. Radiologically Controlled Area – This is an area with limited access to protect individuals
from exposure to radiation and/or radioactive material
b. Radiation Area – An area, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels could result in
an individual receiving a dose equivalent in excess of 5 mRem in one hour at 30 cm from the
source. Typically posted in areas with a dose rate greater than or equal to 5 millirem per hour,
but less than 100 millirem per hour at 30 cm from the source of radiation.
c. High Radiation Area – An area, accessible to individuals,
in which radiation levels from radiation sources external to CAUTION
the body could result in an individual receiving a deep dose
equivalent rate in excess of 100 mRem/hr at 30 cm from the
radiation source. Typically posted in areas with a dose rate
High Radiation Area
greater than or equal to 100 millirem per hour and less than
1000 millirem per hour at 30 cm from the source of
radiation. A physical boundary such as a locked gate is placed at the entrance. A High
Radiation Area briefing and direction for controlling the area is required prior to entering.
As a worker in a nuclear power plant, it is important to understand the requirements for High
Radiation Area entry. You are required to have a brief prior to High Radiation Area entry by
Radiation Protection. This brief is required daily at a minimum. From this brief you must
know:
#$ Dose Rates and Low Dose Area.
#$ Tasks Allowed To Be Performed.
#$ Required Dosimetry, Alarm Set Points, and Maximum Stay-Times.
#$ Proper Control of Barricades and Postings Upon Entering and Exiting. When exiting,
ensure doors, swing gates and locks are returned to their original position.
#$ If you find a HRA posting or Rad Rope lying on the floor, immediately Contact Radiation
Protection, stay in the area and control access until Radiation Protection arrives.
#$ If you find a HRA access unlocked and unguarded, immediately contact Radiation
Protection and control access until Radiation Protection arrives.
Failure to comply with the HRA entry requirements will result in disciplinary action up to and
including termination.
d. Locked High Radiation Area –An area, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels
from radiation sources external to the body could result in an individual receiving a deep dose
equivalent rate greater than or equal to 1000 mRem/hr at 30 cm from the radiation source. The
access is locked due to the high dose rates. An area that cannot be locked will be identified
with a red flashing or rotating light and signs. To access a Locked High Radiation Area,
special precautions are required. Contact RP for assistance.
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As a worker in a nuclear power plant, it is important to understand the requirements for Locked
High Radiation Area entries. You are required to have a brief prior to Locked High Radiation
Area entries by Radiation Protection. From this brief you will be given information that is
required to successfully work in the area such as:
#$ Dose Rates and Low Dose Areas.
&$ These areas will be identified during the briefing through the use of survey or location
maps.
#$ Tasks Allowed To Be Performed.
#$ Required Dosimetry, Alarm Set Points, and Maximum Stay-Times.
#$ Radiation Protection job coverage and technicians assigned the job and controls of
barricades and postings.
#$ Special Precautions and ALARA techniques.
#$ If you find a LHRA posting lying on the floor, immediately Contact Radiation Protection,
stay in the area and control access until Radiation Protection arrives.
#$ If you find the fencing controlling access to a LHRA has fallen down or there is
unguarded access due to a fencing opening, immediately contact Radiation Protection and
control access until Radiation Protection arrives.
#$ If you find a LHRA access unlocked and unguarded, immediately contact Radiation
Protection and control access until Radiation Protection arrives.
You will be asked to acknowledge that you have received this briefing by signing a briefing
acknowledgment form.
Failure to comply with the LHRA entry requirements will result in disciplinary action up to
and including termination.
e. Very High Radiation Area – This is the only posting that uses the words,
“GRAVE DANGER”. This is an area, accessible to individuals, in which
radiation from radiation sources external, to the body could result in an
individual receiving an absorbed does in excess of 500 Rads in one hour at one
meter from a radiation source. Typically posted in areas with dose rates
greater than 500 Rads per hour at 1 meter from the source of radiation.
Note: For this application, Rad is equivalent to Rem.
f. Airborne Radioactivity Area – This is an area containing airborne radioactivity that exceeds
0.30 DAC or 30% of a DAC.
g. Radioactive Materials (RAM) – An area where radioactive material may be
found in excess of 10CFR20 limits.
h. Radioactive Materials (Storage) Area – A room or area used to store
radioactive materials.
i. Hot Spot – This is a localized source that is five times the general background and at least 100
mRem per hour.
j. Low Dose Area – This is the area that has the lowest dose in the general area.
Page 149 of 178
GRAVE DANGER
Very High Radiation Area
CAUTION
vhra.wmf
RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS AREA
Dosimetry Required
Contact Rad Protection Prior To Entry
AUTHORIZED ENTRY ONLY
rma.wmf

k. Discrete Radioactive Particle Areas – Areas that are established to control the spread of
discrete hot particles are posted as:
1) Red Zone – an area where discrete radioactive particles are present
2) Yellow Zone – area that surrounds the Red Zone to control the spread of discrete
radioactive particles.
l. Radiography in Progress – Areas that are established to control access of personnel while
radiography is in progress.
B. Movement of Ropes and Postings
1. The postings listed serve an important purpose: They warn all station personnel of radiological
hazards in the station.
2. If postings are violated, it can affect the well being of you and your co-workers.
3. Any violation, movement, or removal of any radiological posting may result in disciplinary action
up to an including termination.
4. Moving or violating a radiological posting could result in a radiological hazard, increased dose to
personnel, or regulatory non-compliance.
5. If you are working in an area that is roped off, and the rope may need to be moved or adjusted,
contact RP. The RP Department can evaluate the best way to serve your needs and still maintain
regulatory compliance.
6. Follow all the rules, all the time!
XIV. Radiological Alarms
A. Station Radiological Alarms
Reaching, ducking under, or stepping over rad
rope is strictly prohibited unless specifically
authorized by RP or in the event of an
emergency.
1. Many areas of the station are monitored for radiological conditions. Many of these monitors will
alarm if the condition being monitored is not within the normal range. The following are typical
radiological alarms that are used in the station.
a. A Continuous Air Monitor (CAM) or an AMS-3/AMS-4 (Air Monitoring System) samples the
air. If an abnormal amount of airborne radioactivity is detected, the unit will alarm. This alarm
indicates that the air being sampled has exceeded a preset level of radioactivity. The
appropriate response to a CAM alarm is to leave the area immediately and report the situation
to the RP Department.
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. An Area Radiation Monitor (ARM) detects radiation. If radiation in an area is above the
normal levels, the ARM will alarm. If you are in an area affected by an ARM alarm, you are to
leave the area and contact RP.
B. Consequences of Ignoring Alarms
1. Radiological alarms can be one of the first indications of a serious radiological problem. Improper
response or ignoring a radiological alarm can increase your radiation dose and consequently, health
risk.
2. Anyone who willfully ignores a radiological alarm will have their unescorted access to the RCA
suspended until a full investigation may be completed, or will be subject to disciplinary action.
XV. Radioactive Waste
A. Definition of “Radioactive Waste”
1. Radioactive waste is defined as any radioactive or contaminated material for which disposal is
required. Some examples of radioactive waste are:
a. Used Protective Clothing that is no longer serviceable
b. Used tape, gloves and plastic bags from a contaminated area
2. Some other terms used to identify radioactive waste are:
a. Radwaste
b. DAW - dry active waste
c. LSA - low specific activity
B. Waste Disposal Costs
1. All waste generated at a nuclear power plant must be classified as either clean or contaminated
trash prior to disposal. The fee for disposing of each type of trash varies dramatically since
contaminated trash is only accepted at a few special burial facilities throughout the country.
Radioactive waste is very expensive.
2. Due to the decreasing number of radwaste burial sites, these costs continue to increase. Therefore,
it is essential to minimize the amount of contaminated waste generated.
C. Waste Reduction Techniques
1. One method for reducing the impact of sky-rocketing burial costs is to reduce the amount of
radioactive waste generated. Following are some methods the worker may use to minimize the
generation of radioactive waste:
a. Recycle. Use items such as cloth bags or nylon bags, protective clothing, and tool bags
whenever possible. Use velcro bands instead of tape.
b. Prevent waste generation by minimizing usage. Bring only those items and quantities into the
RCA that you really need. Remove all packing material prior to entering the plant.
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c. Plan ahead. Use good judgment and common sense when planning the job. Return tools and
glass to a survey point to be deconned and reused or disposed of properly.
d. Minimize the spread of contamination. Report spills or leaks to RP so that they may be cleaned
up promptly.
e. Minimize the use of hazardous chemicals in the plant.
f. Segregate waste.
D. Waste Segregation
1. Clean/Non-Contaminated Waste
a. Once radioactive waste is generated, it is important to keep it separate from clean nonradioactive
material or trash.
b. If potentially clean and contaminated trash are mixed together, there may be crosscontamination
which will result in one of the following:
2. Wet Waste
1) Increase in time, manpower, and cost to survey and separate radioactive vs. non-radioactive
waste.
2) Increase in total amount of radwaste generated.
a. Wet and dry contaminated waste should be segregated. If mixed, more waste processing may
be required.
b. The container may leak or corrode and cause a radioactive spill.
c. Most disposal sites refuse to accept mixed dry and wet waste; therefore, it would have to be
separated and dried prior to disposal.
3. Hazardous Waste
a. Radwaste should also be segregated from other hazardous materials in use, e.g., chemicals.
b. If chemicals are placed in the same trash as radwaste this may result in the generation of
“mixed waste.”
c. Disposal of a mixed waste is very difficult and extremely expensive.
XVI. Interim Summary
A. Radiation Work Permit
1. The three major functions of the RWP are:
a. It authorizes individuals to enter Radiologically Controlled Areas.
b. It provides you with radiological requirements.
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c. It provides you with information regarding the radiological conditions and hazards in your
work area.
2. Certain types of RWPs may be utilized for repetitive, general, routine work, or a specific task.
3. An RWP may contain information such as clothing requirements and dosimetry requirements to
help an individual work in a radiologically safe manner.
4. You must read, understand, and comply with all aspects of the RWP.
5. The Survey Map generally shows a drawing of the area covered by the RWP.
6. If radiological conditions are different than expected, or if conditions change unexpectedly, inform
others that may be affected to exit the area and contact RP.
B. Radiological Postings
1. Common types of radiological postings that may be encountered:
a. Radiologically Controlled Area (RCA)
b. Radiation Area
c. High Radiation Area
d. Locked High Radiation Area
e. Very High Radiation Area
f. Airborne Radioactivity Area
g. Radioactive Materials
h. Radioactive Materials (Storage) Area
i. Hot Spot
j. Low Dose Area
k. Discrete Radioactive Particle Areas:
1) Red Zone
2) Yellow Zone
l. Radiography in Progress
2. Radiological postings warn all station personnel of radiological hazards in the station.
3. Moving or violating a radiological posting can affect an individual’s well being, resulting in a
radiological hazard, increased dose to personnel, or regulatory non-compliance.
C. Radiological Alarms
1. Some radiological alarms that are used in the station are the:
a. Continuous Air Monitor
b. Area Radiation Monitor
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2. Improper response or ignoring a radiological alarm can increase your radiation dose and
consequently, health risk.
3. Anyone who willfully ignores a radiological alarm will be subject to disciplinary action.
D. Radioactive Waste
1. Radioactive waste is defined as any radioactive or contaminated material for which disposal is
required.
2. Due to the decreasing number of radwaste burial sites, costs continue to increase.
3. Some methods for minimizing the generation of radwaste are recycling, planning ahead,
segregating waste, minimizing the spread of contamination and usage of materials brought into the
RCA.
XVII. Rights and Responsibilities
A. Worker Rights and Responsibilities
1. Your rights and responsibilities include:
a. Adhering to instructions provided by RP personnel (including stop work orders), written
policies and procedures, radiation work permits, and posted warnings, signs, and labels.
b. Maintaining awareness of your current accumulated dose for the job, day, and for the year.
c. Keeping your accumulated dose within federal limits and obtaining all required approvals prior
to exceeding site administrative exposure control levels.
d. Maintaining your accumulated dose ALARA.
2. Identifying the actions and reporting responsibilities when abnormal radiological conditions and/or
violations of radiological requirements are encountered.
3. Requesting and reviewing your radiation dose records.
4. Notify RP prior to receiving nuclear medicine testing. RP will take away your TLD, RCA access
will be restricted, and RP will give you a pass to exit the station when the Portal Monitors alarm.
XVIII. Protective Clothing
A. PURPOSE OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
1. Most importantly, Protective Clothing prevents workers from becoming contaminated.
2. Used in contaminated areas, per RWP.
3. Used with good work practices and when properly removed, limit the spread of contamination
outside the posted area.
4. Protective Clothing used with modesty garments (i.e. disposables, shorts, t-shirt, etc.) replace a
worker's regular clothing to prevent personal clothing from becoming contaminated.
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5. Modesty garments worn under protective clothing shall have no offensive pictures, words, or logos.
6. Required personal protective equipment (PPE – including glasses, hearing protection, etc.) shall be
worn.
7. Protective clothing sets required for entering Contaminated Areas may be designated by pictures on
the posting at the entrance to the Contaminated Area and are indicated as Zone II & III.
a. Zone II – Full set of protective clothing (1,000 –100,000 dpm/100cm 2 )
b. Zone III – Waterproof outer layer (>100,000 dpm/100cm 2 )
8. Taping is only permitted with approval from Radiation Protection.
B. INSPECTION AND PROPER DONNING
1. Inspection
a. If, while inspecting protective clothing, any defects are detected, do not use.
b. Check for rips, tears, and separated seams.
c. Check for any badly worn areas, especially the elbows and knees.
d. Check the operability of zippers, elastic, and Velcro seals.
2. Proper Donning
a. Remove all personal clothing except shoes, socks, undergarments, and/or modesty clothing.
b. Don inner bootie.
c. Don inner cotton glove liners.
d. Don coveralls, making sure you have a comfortable fit.
e. Secure protective ankles and wrist snaps if provided for.
f. Unless specified by Radiation Protection Management, place security badge under/inside of
coveralls.
g. Unless specified by Radiation Protection Management, place/secure Thermoluminescent
Dosimeter (TLD) inside of coveralls.
h. Place/secure Electronic Dosimeter (ED) inside of coveralls pocket. For coveralls with no
pocket, place ED on lanyard outside of coveralls (tape down if applicable).
i. Don rubber shoe covers/boots as required.
j. Don hood/skullcap as required.
k. Don rubber gloves as required.
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C. WORKING IN CONTAMINATED AREAS
1. Ensure all work being performed is done under the provisions of the Radiation Work Permit
(RWP.) Perform no work outside the scope of the RWP.
2. Remember to review the RWP survey to determine the low and high dose areas. Stay in the low
dose areas if not needed.
3. Do not cross RP rope (magenta/yellow) at any time. Do not walk next to or lean over Rad rope.
4. If you tear your protective clothing or receive an open wound, immediately leave the area and
contact RP.
5. Avoid walking through puddles so contamination does not get tracked.
6. Do not walk directly on floor drain grates.
7. Never touch your face or any exposed skin surfaces with your outer gloves.
8. Limit contact with all surfaces and items. Hold equipment away from you when carrying.
9. Moisture can allow contaminants to seep through protective clothing. This can be due to sweating
or from liquids on the job.
10. Kneeling or crawling can grind contaminants through protective clothing.
11. Bring tools into a contaminated area in a recyclable container, remove them for use, then return
them to the container.
12. Any exit from the contaminated area must be done through the step-off-pads.
13. If your electronic dosimeter begins to alarm, leave the area immediately and notify RP.
14. If you should lose or damage your dosimetry or if the readings on your secondary dosimetry are not
as expected, leave the area and contact RP. Remember to inform your co-workers of the situation
so they can check their dosimetry.
D. READING DOSIMETRY
1. Dose rates in an area can vary as conditions in the plant change. You need to periodically monitor
your dose by reading your secondary dosimetry.
2. Remember that your outer gloves are probably one of the most contaminated pieces of clothing that
you are wearing. Be very careful if you need to remove your dosimetry, remove your outer gloves
first.
3. If protective clothing has a pocket with a flap, pinch the flap with outer glove to lift flap, then read
the top of the ED or remove ED with other hand in cotton glove.
4. Remember that periodic checks of your secondary dosimetry should be performed during the day to
track your radiation exposure. This is your responsibility.
E. REMOVING PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
1. Removal
a. Remove any securing material from ankles (tape, etc.) and discard in appropriate containers
(clothing, trash receptacle).
Page 156 of 178

. Remove outside rubber shoe covers and place gently in clothing receptacle.
c. Remove any securing material from wrists (tape, etc.) and discard in appropriate receptacle.
d. Remove outer rubber gloves, careful not to cross contaminate inner glove liners and place
gently in clothing receptacle.
e. Remove personal hardhat, if used, and place on step off pad.
f. Remove and read electronic dosimetry, then place on step off pad.
g. Remove hood/skullcap as required.
h. Remove coveralls slowly, careful not to cross contaminate clean glove liners and modesty
garments. Consider pulling PCs over the shoulders and removing by rolling PCs inside out.
i. Remove inner booties at step off pad (SOP), one foot at a time, stepping on the SOP
immediately as the inner bootie is removed. Caution should be used to not cross contaminate
the SOP. Place inner booties gently in appropriate receptacle.
j. Remove inner cotton glove liners and discard in appropriate receptacle.
k. Don hardhat and carry electronic dosimetry to frisking station or nearest Personnel
Contamination Monitor (PCM).
2. Do not shake or toss protective clothing. This maneuver can cause the spread of contamination to
clean areas.
3. Do not step on the outside of coveralls. To prevent contaminating unprotected areas, do not touch
the outside of any protective clothing or equipment.
4. Do not throw or toss Protective Clothing into dirty clothing receptacles or push down or reach into
the clothing receptacles for any items left in Protective Clothing or dropped into receptacle. If this
is necessary, contact RP.
5. You must exit area using the step-off-pad.
F. WHOLE BODY FRISKING
1. Must be done every time you leave the contaminated area.
2. If a Personnel Contamination Monitor (PCM) is not available, a whole body frisker must be used.
3. Prior to performing a whole body frisk you must:
a. Read posted instructions.
b. Determine if the frisker is on lowest scale and operating properly.
c. Determine the background level on the meter.
4. Remember to frisk slowly, approximate speed of 2 inches per second at a distance of about 1/4" to
1/2" from the body. Avoid touching the surface being measured with the probe.
5. An increase in the audible sound of the meter may mean contamination is present so be sure and
watch the meter. Any sustained movement on the meter may also mean the presence of
contamination.
6. If there is an increase in sound or meter deflection, slowly frisk the area again.
Page 157 of 178

7. If contamination is detected (greater than 100 counts over background), notify the RP Dept.
8. Frisking:
XIX. Summary
a. Prior to picking up the probe, frisk hand.
b. If uncontaminated, pick up the probe, frisk your other hand.
c. Frisk personal hard hat, the top of the head and the hair.
d. Frisk your face and neck pausing over the mouth, nose and throat area.
e. Check the chest, stomach, back, buttocks, arms and legs (15 seconds each) paying particular
attention to areas that have been in contact with surfaces or may have gotten damp.
f. Check the bottom of your shoes.
g. Finally, check the top of your feet (5 seconds each.)
h. Frisk dosimetry.
i. After completing, place the probe in a position so the next person can properly check their
hands prior to picking up the probe.
A. Rights and Responsibilities
1. Individual rights and responsibilities include the following:
a. Adhering to instructions.
b. Being aware of your dose.
c. Keeping your dose within limits.
d. Maintaining dose ALARA.
e. Reporting abnormal radiological violations and conditions.
f. Requesting and reviewing your radiation dose records.
g. Report any medical radioactive treatments to RP.
B. Protective Clothing
1. Protective Clothing prevents a worker from becoming contaminated.
2. If, while inspecting protective clothing, any defects are detected, do not use.
3. If you tear your protective clothing or receive an open wound, immediately leave the area, and
contact RP.
Page 158 of 178

4. If you need to remove your dosimetry, remove your outer gloves first.
5. Do not shake or toss protective clothing because this maneuver can spread contamination.
6. Do not step on the outside of coveralls.
Whole body frisking must be done every time you leave the contaminated area.
Page 159 of 178

NUCLEAR - GENERAL EMPLOYEE TRAINING - Attachments
Attachment A
Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS)
Page 160 of 178

NUCLEAR - GENERAL EMPLOYEE TRAINING - Attachments
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
Page 161 of 178

NUCLEAR - GENERAL EMPLOYEE TRAINING - Attachments
Page 162 of 178

NUCLEAR - GENERAL EMPLOYEE TRAINING - Attachments
Attachment B
NRC FORM 3
Page 163 of 178

NUCLEAR - GENERAL EMPLOYEE TRAINING - Attachments
Page 164 of 178

NUCLEAR - GENERAL EMPLOYEE TRAINING - Attachments
Page 165 of 178

Attachment C
Page 166 of 178

Unplanned Radiation Dose
SER 4-98/SEN 158 – Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant
Date of event – 4/3/97
A diver at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant nearly received fatal radiation dose while replacing a proximity
switch on the fuel transfer carriage. While waiting for lockwire to secure the switch, the diver decided to perform
another task that had been included in the original work scope. He was unaware that this task had been deleted
because radiation surveys had not been completed in the area where the task was to be performed. The diver left
the approved diving area and traveled about 20 feet to within approximately 5 feet of an area with a 12,000
rem/hr dose rate (a potentially fatal dose in just over three minutes) from a large group of recently discharged
spent fuel assemblies! Fortunately, he avoided significant dose because he was ordered from the spent fuel pool
by a radiation technician responding properly to the diver’s dosimeter alarm.
SER 4-98 – Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant
Date of Event – 4/12/97
An insulation contract worker and a station radiation protection technician at Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant
exceeded their RWP – allowed dose while removing and installing insulation on a heat exchanger. When they
started to work, they realized that more insulation than anticipated had to be removed. As work progressed, the
insulation contractor’s electronic dosimeter alarmed; five minutes later, the electronic dosimeter worn by the
radiation protection technician also alarmed. Rather than leave the area, the technician allowed the work to
continue and helped remove insulation in order to complete the task with only one entry. The contractor had
received 495 mrem and the radiation protection technician had received 530 mrem. The radiation protection
technician did not follow station procedures by allowing work to continue after the dosimetry alarmed. Also, the
technician lost focus on his radiation protection responsibilities by helping to finish the insulation work.
OE 9026 – H.B. Robinson Steam Electric Plant
Date of Event – 3/14/98
A worker from another nuclear plant within the H.B. Robinson Steam Electric Plant was repairing a valve
actuator when he received 110 mrem of radiation exposure (the allowed dose was 100 mrem) because he did not
respond to an alarm on his alarming dosimeter. After receiving the continuous dose alarm, ` the worker stayed in
the area, completed torquing four remaining actuator bolts, and picked up the tools to take them to the tool room.
An investigation faulted the worker’s judgment because he did not exit the area immediately upon receiving the
alarm. The worker thought it was more important to complete the job than exit the area as expected.
Page 167 of 178

(NOV) BW 98-54-Braidwood (Unit 1)
RADIOGRAPHY EVENTS AT OPERATING POWER REACTORS
EVENT DESCRIPTION:
At approximately 12:00 on 10/6/98, radiography (RT) was being performed on the hot and cold leg pipe
welds on the “1A” Replacement Steam Generator. Just after the first of two radiography shots was
completed, a Radiation Protection Technician (RPT #2) saw two workers exiting the top of the pressurizer
enclosure. The pressurizer enclosure was within the Radiation Area boundary established by RPT #1 for the
RT work and all personnel were supposed to have been evacuated from this area.
RPT #2 immediately climbed down from the SG enclosure and met the workers at the 426’ elevation. The
RPT checked the workers’ dosimeters and determined that each worker had received only two mrem, which
was consistent with stay times and dose rates in their work area. The two workers were in an area
significantly removed from the RT work. This area was posted not as a result of the potential to receive dose,
but because a possible exit path from the pressurizer enclosure is near the RT work area.
RPT #2 then advised RP Supervision that the RT radiation area had not been properly cleared of personnel.
RP supervision stopped all further RT work and instructed the RPT #2 to secure the RT source. Station
management was advised of the event and a prompt investigation was initiated. The RPT (RPT #1) that had
setup the rad boundaries was temporarily relieved of his normal duties in compliance with RP expectations for
RP event investigations.
The initial investigation of the event determined that the two workers had entered the radiation area boundary
(pressurizer enclosure) prior to the radiation area boundaries being established. The workers were not aware
that RT work was to be performed in the area, and due to the noise level in the area, the workers did not hear
the page announcements conducted prior to the start of the RT work. The first RPT (RPT #1) that had
established the boundary at the pressurizer enclosure relied on input from other RP technicians prior to
establishing postings and did not perform a complete visual inspection of the pressurizer enclosure.
Following an initial investigation of the event, RP management identified the following eight actions that
needed to be performed prior to each Bechtel radiography window. Upon communication of these
requirements and a tailgate of the event, RP management removed the RT work stoppage.
1. The Byron/Braidwood radiography events are to be covered in each briefing.
2. Notification will be made to station Rad Protection X2240 and Numanco BOP RP x2455 along with
maps indicating radiography boundaries.
3. The need to visually verify that no unauthorized personnel are inside the radiography boundaries will
be communicated during the radiography brief.
4. The RP supervisor assigned to cover the radiography will be required to attend the briefing.
5. SGRP RP will be notified of radiography locations 4 hours prior to starting the shot.
6. Bechtel supervision will be notified via radio of RT information following the briefing. Bechtel
workers will be reminded to leave the area as requested by RP when setting up for radiography.
7. The project will establish the minimum number of technicians required to cover each radiography
situation.
8. Include in the PreJob briefing the proper method and personnel assignments for clearing the areas
affected by radiography.
Page 168 of 178

PS 3409 I NEWTON 18-JAN-95 13:01 EST
INPO (INP)
Subject: PLANT EVENT - FITZPATRICK: 18-JAN-95
This report is generated from information supplied by the four NRC regional offices. The report includes highlights from
the NRC Daily Plant Status Report and from NRC Preliminary Notifications (PNOs) received during the past 24 hours. The
information is designed for NRC personnel, but INPO has been provided access to the information. INPO includes in this
report only information that pertains to plant operational safety or reliability. Please Note that generally these highlights are
taken verbatim from the NRC reports and INPO has not verified the accuracy of this information.
II. Significant Events (as defined in 10CFR50.72)
Reports Filed in the Past 24 Hours
FACILITY FITZPATRICK
UNIT (1) ( ) ( )
RX TYPE 1 GE-4
EVENT DATE 12/08/94
EVENT TIME 00:00 EST
EMERGENCY CLASS NOT APPLICABLE
SCRAM CODE N
RX CRIT N
INIT PWR 0
INIT RX MODE REFUELING
CURR PWR 0
CURR RX MODE REFUELING
Contract Supervisor and Contract worker falsified dosimetry information to improperly gain access to radiologically
controlled area.
The Licensee notified the NRC Operations Center of a potential 10CFR50.9 violation by two contract individuals. The
licensee has discovered that two contract individuals (a supervisor and a worker) violated plant radiation protection
procedures and made several entries into the plant radiologically controlled area (RCA) during 12/8/94- 12/9/94 without
following plant procedures for dosimetry issuance and check in with Radiation Protection Staff..
Earlier in December, the Contract Supervisor had escorted a Contract worker in the RCA, but had retained the worker’s
thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) upon his departure from the site. When a second supervisor provided him with the
previous worker’s TLD, and instructed him to sign in as the previous individual. The Licensee has interviewed the
Supervisor, who has admitted to providing the TLD to the visitor, and instructing him to sign in under a different name.
The Contract Supervisor was escorted offsite, and his site access has been revoked.
The Licensee has processed the TLD, and determined that neither contract worker had received a measurable dose. The
Licensee is currently reviewing all records of visitors’ onsite who have been issued TLDs in order to assure that this was an
isolated instance. This information was provided to the NRC Region 1 acting Regional Administrator today (1/17/95).
Page 169 of 178

EXCESSIVE PERSONNEL RADIATION EXPOSURES
85-3
Unanticipated radiological conditions or an individual's disregard for radiological controls. Very high radiation
fields are present in certain areas of nuclear power plants during some activities. Entry into these high fields,
even for a brief period, could result in the unnecessary exposure of personnel to doses several times greater than
established limits and, in extreme cases, could jeopardize the health and safety of personnel. A review of industry
events indicates a number of common factors that contribute to overexposures. Addressing these factors can
significantly reduce the probability of an overexposure event occurring.
DESCRIPTION OF EVENTS:
ZION 1
During refueling cavity flooding with the incore instrument thimbles withdrawn, a shift engineer entered the
reactor cavity area to investigate water leakage.
The Shift Engineer received authorization from the Duty Health Physicist for an exposure limit of 500 mrem for
this entry ( his accumulated quarterly dose was 180 mrem). There was no Radiation Work Permit governing this
entry. Two Radiation Technicians were assigned to assist the Shift Engineer, one to survey and the second to act
as timekeeper. Upon arriving at the entrance to the reactor cavity area, the first Radiation Technician proceeded
down the ladder to perform a survey. The dose rate measured at the bottom of the ladder was 50 rem/hr. The
Radiation Technician did not survey beyond the bottom of the ladder because there was about six inches of water
at the bottom of the ladder and he assumed the Shift Engineer would not leave the ladder. The second Radiation
Technician stayed at the top of the ladder to keep time in order to indicate when the Shift Engineer should start
back up to stay within his approved 500 mrem dose.
The Shift Engineer proceeded down the ladder followed by the first Radiation Technician. The Shift Engineer
left the base of the ladder and proceeded approximately six to eight feet toward the bottom head of the reactor.
The first Radiation Technician did not advise the Shift Engineer that he was entering an unsurveyed area.
Unaware that the Shift Engineer had left the ladder, the timekeeper calculated the exposure based on the 50
rem/hr dose rate and after approximately 30 seconds signaled the first Radiation Technician to call the Shift
Engineer back. The second Radiation Technician terminated timekeeping when he saw the Shift Engineer on the
ladder.
The Shift Engineer’s total exposure was calculated to be 931 mrem. Since the Shift Engineer left the bottom of
the ladder and proceeded into an unsurveyed area, his film badge was sent offsite for emergency processing on
the following day. The plant was informed that the film badge indicated a dose of 3.7 rem; the badge was reread
and that reading was confirmed. Further evaluation, using calculated radiation levels to account for streaming
conditions in the area, indicated that the true dose received was 4.72 rem.
Contributing factors to this event include Radiation Technicians that were not fully aware of the scope of the
inspection to be conducted and the lack of work controls (permits or procedures) for entry into the area.
A previous event at Zion, under similar circumstances, occurred in 1976 when a Station Engineer received a
whole-body dose of 8.05 rem in the reactor cavity area. A survey was not performed prior to the entry nor was a
Radiation Protection Technician present.
Page 170 of 178

QUAD CITIES
Tampering with radioactive sources or horseplay of any kind will not be tolerated. Tampering with sources is not
consistent with ALARA and can result in significant worker exposure. On August 9, 1994, a contract laborer
attempted to exit the RPA at Trackway 2. The contract laborer alarmed the personnel radiation monitor. The
worker immediately contacted the RP technician. The worker was taken to Trackway 1 where the personnel
radiation monitor indicated a local alarm for the back of the leg. A GM was used and pegged off-scale over the
back pocket. The RPT attempted twice to remove the suspected hot particle with masking tape and then escorted
the worker to the personnel decontamination room where the worker’s personal clothing was removed. While
checking the blue jeans, a dime-shaped source fell out of the right pocket. This dime-shaped object was
identified as a Sr-90 calibration source from a Plexiglas fan source. (Fan sources were located in various
locations throughout the plant to response check dose rate instruments). The exposure time was 12 minutes with
a 22 REM SDE exposure.
Page 171 of 178

Unplanned Personnel Radiation Exposures
SOER 01-01
Unanticipated radiological conditions or an individual’s disregard for radiological controls can result in
unplanned and excessive radiation exposures. Very high radiation fields are present in certain areas of nuclear
power plants during some activities. Entry into these high fields, even for a brief period, could result in the
unnecessary exposure of personnel to doses several times greater than established limits and, in extreme cases,
could jeopardize the health and safety of personnel.
A review of industry events indicates a number of common factors that contribute to overexposures.
Addressing these factors can significantly reduce the probability of an overexposure event occurring. The
following are examples of such events.
# Koeberg Unit 2 (PWR – South Africa) March 1997 EAR PAR 97-005
A quality control inspector unintentionally entered the in-core detector penetration room to perform an
inspection on the detectors. He used two maintenance personnel to assist him in opening the door leading
to the room, as he assumed that this was the in-core detector storage room. Once inside the room, he
realized that he was in fact in the wrong room. He then left the room, closed the room door, and noted
that his dosimeter was off-scale high. The inspector and maintenance personnel received an unplanned
exposure of 3.2 rem, 1.76 rem, and 260 mrem, respectively, due to this mistake.
# Calvert Cliffs Unit 2 (PWR – United States) April 1997 EAR ATL 97-018
On April 3, 1997, with Calvert Cliffs Unit 2 in a refueling outage, spent fuel pool diving operations were
performed to replace a magnetic proximity switch on the fuel transfer carriage. The diver left the
approved diving area, traveled about 20 feet to within approximately 5 feet of an area reading 12,000 rpm
per hour as a result of a large group of recently discharged spent fuel assemblies, and received an
unplanned whole body exposure of 270 mrem.
Breakdown of multiple barriers resulted in the diver attempting to perform a canceled item in the work
scope that was outside the surveyed, approved work area. Taking prompt action in response to an alarm
on one of the multiple remote reading dosimeters attached to the diver, a radiation protection technician
directed the diver to leave the pool immediately. This final barrier prevented a significant radiation
exposure to the diver.
# Narora (India) EAR TYO 99-011
Unit 2 was in an annual shutdown. A radiological work permit was issued to carry out preventive
maintenance of leak detectors (beetles) in the pump room, delayed neutron monitoring rooms, and fuel
transfer rooms (north and south). Health Physics cleared the radiation work permit in all areas except the
fuel transfer rooms, where radiation fields and contamination levels were high. Two contractor workers
with elementary radiation protection qualification, needing to be supervised for radiation work, went
ahead with the above work without the knowledge of the supervisor who issued the radiation work
permit. After completing the job in the north fuel transfer room and confirming the dose received as
expected, they proceeded to the south fuel transfer room unaware of the high radiation field in the area.
They started work in the room. After working in the room about 15 minutes, they checked their pocket
dosimeters and found they were off-scale high. Subsequent reading of their TLDs indicated they had
received doses of 12.48 rem and 7.6 rem, respectively.
Page 172 of 178

Attachment D
CONTAMINATION PITFALLS
The following items are examples of some poor work practices which each worker at the station must avoid.
$ FAILURE TO PERFORM WORK WITHIN THE SCOPE OF THE RADIATION WORK PERMIT
(RWP): Radiation work at all Exelon stations is controlled by the use of an RWP. The protective
clothing requirements and instructions to individuals who must work in the Radiologically Posted Areas
(RPA) of the station are specified on an RWP, based on the Work Description indicated in the heading of
the RWP. If work is to be performed which is not encompassed by the existing Work Description of the
RWP or is outside the work scope of the RWP, then the Radiation Protection Department (RP) must be
contacted before that work is performed. In this way, the additional work can be evaluated by RP, and
potential radiation and contamination exposures maintained ALARA.
% FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE RWP: The protective clothing
requirements and instructions on the RWP are designed to maintain radiation and contamination
exposures ALARA. If workers fail to comply with the requirements of the RWP, it may result in serious
radiological consequences.
& FAILURE TO PROPERLY TRANSFER ITEMS FROM A CONTAMINATED AREA: When
contaminated items are improperly removed from a contaminated area, contamination could be spread
beyond contamination barriers to the worker, the clean area, and hence, to other workers. Contact RP
with questions concerning the proper method for removing contaminated items when you are not sure
how control of these items can best be maintained. Either re-bag radioactive material containers at the
step-off pad, or have an RP Technician release the container by performing a smear survey. All materials
being transferred must be packaged or contained to the extent that there is no possibility of spreading
contamination. If a spill or accident occurs while transferring items, the area should not be left
unattended until it has been properly controlled. RP shall be notified of the occurrence as soon as
possible.
' FAILURE TO INSPECT PROTECTIVE CLOTHING BEFORE DONNING: Inspect all protective
clothing for holes, tears, or other defects. Torn clothing provides no protection against contamination
exposure.
( FAILURE TO ASSOCIATE DUST, DIRT, OR WHITE POWDER (boric acid at PWRs) WITH
CONTAMINATION: RP frequently performs routine surveys of normally accessible areas, and cleaning
of the plant is performed continually. Therefore, any accumulation of dust, dirt, or powder should be
associated with contamination. Before workers come in contact with potentially contaminated dust or
dirt, RP should be contacted for guidance or possible surveys.
) FAILURE TO BE AWARE OF CONTAMINATION LEVELS: It is the responsibility of each worker to
be aware of the radiation and contamination levels of the areas he will be entering. This is accomplished
by checking the surveys attached to each RP office. You may not enter the areas until the radiation and
contamination hazards are known by you. This also applied to areas higher than seven feet above the
floor. Contact RP to perform additional surveys, if needed.
Page 173 of 178

* FAILURE TO RECOGNIZE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF A POSTED CONTAMINATION AREA: A
yellow and magenta rad-rope is merely an extension of the meaning of the sign which is placed on it. The
rad-rope itself does not stop the spread of contamination. Only the good work practices of each worker in
the plant stop the spread of contamination. If practical, don't walk or stand along the side of a rad-rope
barrier. Don't rub up against equipment which is inside and touching the rad-rope, such as fence or a
garbage can, as they are considered to be a part of the contaminated area. Only RP is allowed to move
rad-rope barriers.
+ FAILURE TO PERFORM A TWO-MINUTE WHOLE BODY FRISK: A two minute whole body frisk
(or use of a Whole Body Personnel Contamination Monitor) is required upon exiting a contaminated area
and before dressing in street clothes. Donning personal clothing prior to monitoring for contamination
would provide sufficient shielding to contamination and allow the contamination to be undetected. The
purpose of the frisk (or monitor) is to detect contamination on the body as soon as possible to reduce the
amount of time it is on the skin and thereby reduce personnel exposure to contamination. The frisk (or
use of the monitor) is required by station procedures, and should be performed per the instructions posted
by each frisker (or monitor). Contact RP if contamination is found and minimize the spread of
contamination by not touching anything before RP personnel arrive. If you are working in an area and
suspect you have become contaminated, leave the area immediately, perform a whole body frisk (or use a
Whole Body Monitor), and contact RP and your supervisor if you are contaminated.
, FAILURE TO RECOGNIZE CHANGED RADIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS: There are many times
when radiological conditions in an area may be different than those indicated on your RWP. It is
important that a worker be able to recognize the significance of changed radiological conditions, since the
protective clothing requirements and special instructions on an RWP may no longer apply for the work to
be performed. It is the responsibility of the worker to recognize the significance of changing radiological
conditions. Notify RP if there is any doubt about the status of radiological conditions in your work area.
For example, faster dose accumulation of radiation dose by the ED.
$- FAILURE TO REMOVE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING PROPERLY: Step-off pads provide multiple
buffer zones between contaminated areas and clean area for the removal of protective clothing and the
transfer of contaminated items. Improper use of the step-off pads will result in the spread of
contamination to clean areas. Also, improper handling of contaminated clothing will deposit
contamination in the buffer zone between pads. This may not contaminate you, but it may contaminate
the next person who uses that step-off pad while undressing. Make every attempt not to contaminate the
outside of clothing hampers, trash cans, or yourself and others. Do not overfill trash cans or hampers and
do not push clothing or trash down into containers; this may allow contamination to spread. If they are
full, contact the Station Labor Supervisor to get them emptied.
$$ FAILURE TO CONTAIN CONTAMINATED ITEMS WITHIN RAD-ROPE BARRIERS: Hoses or
cables extending out of the contaminated area should be taped or otherwise secured at the rad-rope
boundary to prevent their movement into clean area. Equipment stored in a contaminated area should be
entirely contained within the rad-rope boundary.
$% FAILURE TO REPORT RADIOLOGICAL EVENTS: Each worker should report unusual
circumstances dealing with radiological events to RP. This would include steam leaks, puddles of water,
dripping water from valves/equipment, obvious violations of radiation safety practices, and any events
occurring in the plant which may have radiological implications. It is important that a worker who
discovers any radiological control deficiencies bring them to the attention of RP.
Remember that personnel contaminations can best be reduced by following the RWP, planning, good
judgment, and common sense. Everyone at the station has a role to play in keeping contamination
exposures ALARA.
Page 174 of 178

CONTAMINATED AREA WORK PRACTICES
When you sign an RWP, it means you agree to abide by the requirements of the RWP. Don't take it upon
yourself to vary from the RWP. Call your supervisor if you have problems. The RWP can be changed and we
will resolve the differences. When we change an RWP or when conditions change, your Supervisor and Rad
Protection must make the changes. Your Supervisor must inform you so you are aware of any changes. We need
to plan ahead to avoid this type of situation as much as possible.
Step off pads act as buffer areas to contain contamination inside the RPAs. The theory of multiple pads is to keep
the next pad as clean as possible when you exit an SOP. To do this, you must have an adequate SOP area to begin
with. The rest is up to the people using the SOP to undress carefully. Stay back as far as possible from the pad
you are approaching when undressing. This will prevent contamination from dropping on to the next pad. When
you need to remove your footwear, back up to the pad and carefully pull off your footwear and deposit it inside
the hamper. Take care so you don't flip your footwear over the clean pad.
Put all trash "inside" the trash can and all RWP clothing "inside" the hampers. The goal is to keep the outside
surfaces of the laundry hamper and trash can clean. This reduces the chance of spreading contamination when
handling the trash and laundry bags. It also keeps the SOP area looking neat and clean.
Secure hoses, cables, etc. that run across an SOP or rad boundary. Tape them down or tie them off to prevent
shifting in and out of the contaminated area. Also, tag your hose and line so people know who is using it.
If you find your SOP to be inadequate for your work (i.e., too small, needs more hampers, etc.), contact the
station labor supervisor to get it changed. Realize, in some cases, space will be restricted.
If the trash or laundry hampers are full, contact station labor supervisor to get them emptied.
Page 175 of 178

Attachment E
NRC
Form 4
Page 176 of 178

NRC FORM 4 EQUIVALENT CUMULATIVE EXPOSURE HISTORY PREPARATION DATE: ____/____/____
10 CFR Part 20 PAGE _____ of _____
I. NAME: ______________ ID/SS NUMBER: ________ ID TYPE: ____ SEX: ___ DATE OF BIRTH: _____/_____/_____
II. PERMANENT MAILING ADDRESS: _____________________________________
CITY: _____________________________________ STATE: ____ ZIP CODE: _________
III. PERSONNEL CODE: _____DEPARTMENT / POSITION: __________________________________________________
IV. To be completed for non-CECo employees: Employers Name:
______________________________________________
Employers Address: ______________________________________________________
I certify that the name, ID/SS number, and date of birth for this employee have been confirmed through the
examination of personal identification documents which appear to be genuine and relate to the individual.
Signature of Witness: ______________________ Company: ____________________ Date: _____/_____/_____
V. Was all prior occupational exposure from Exelon facilities? Yes: ___ No: ___
No exposure received at any facility: ______
VI. I certify that the information entered in sections I, II, V, and X is correct and complete to the best of my
knowledge and belief. I understand that if I change my name or permanent mailing address, or if I am
monitored for radiation at a non-CECo facility, it is my responsibility to notify the Radiation Protection
Department. If I am not a Exelon employee, I also authorize Exelon to obtain and/or distribute an y and all
information, including related date, regarding my occupational exposure history from and/or to other
interested parties.
Signature of Monitored Individual: _________________________________________ Date: _____/_____/_____
VII. Has the individual consented to be on the INDEX computer system? Yes: ____ No: ____
VIII. CERTIFYING ORGANIZATION: COMMONWEALTH EDISON COMPANY _____________________
Signature of Designee: ___________________________________________________ Date: _____/_____/_____
IX. New or corrected information entered into Exelon computer system by: ____________________________
Date: _____/_____/_____
X. All dose equivalents are in units of rem
Monitoring
License Dose Routine LDE SDE,WB SDE,ME CEDE CDE TEDE TODE
Period/Facility Number Type PSE
ND = NOT DETECTABLE NR = NOT REQUIRED TO BE MONITORED NA = NOT APPLICABLE XX = INTENTIONALLY BLANK
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Attachment F
THE 10 BASIC RADIATION PROTECTION RULES
. ALWAYS ensure High Radiation Area barriers are secured or controlled.
/ NEVER move radiation control boundaries (ropes, signs, etc.).
0 TLDs and EDs SHALL be worn on the front part of the body, above the waist,
within a hand’s width unless repositioned by the RWP or RP Technician.
1 ALL RWP requirements SHALL be followed.
2 Posted guidelines SHALL be followed when contamination monitors alarm
(IPM7/8, tool monitors, etc.).
3 Radiation Protection SHALL be contacted if working area conditions are different
than expected, change during the course of the activity (Water, unexpected or
high ED count rate), or when entering areas more than 7 feet above floor level.
4 Unless directed otherwise by RP, personnel SHALL leave the area and contact
Radiation Protection for ANY ED alarm.
5 Equipment SHALL NOT be removed from ANY RCA without proper survey and
release.
6 Personnel SHALL perform whole body surveys upon exiting ANY contaminated
area at the closest contamination monitoring point.
.7 Personnel SHALL adhere to Radiation Protection Posting requirements.
WARNING
VIOLATIONS of these rules WILL result, at a minimum, in restricted
access to RCA.
DEVIATIONS from these rules MUST be approved by Radiation
Protection.
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