GM crops: Reaping the benefits, but not in Europe - Europabio
GM crops: Reaping the benefits, but not in Europe - Europabio
GM crops: Reaping the benefits, but not in Europe - Europabio
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TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />
1. INTRODUCTION 3<br />
2. GLOBAL IMPACTS AT FARM LEVEL 4<br />
3. GLOBAL MACRO ECONOMIC IMPACTS 6<br />
4. GLOBAL IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT 8<br />
5. EU IMPACTS FROM TWO AVAILABLE PRODUCTS 10<br />
6. LOST ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN THE EU 12<br />
7. IMPORTS, <strong>GM</strong> TRACES AND IMPACTS ON THE EUROPEAN CHAIN 14<br />
8. REGULATORY COSTS 18<br />
9. CONCLUSIONS 18<br />
10. SOURCES 19<br />
About this report<br />
This report has first been published <strong>in</strong> May 2011. The present is <strong>the</strong> 2 nd edition from August 2011.<br />
It provides a comprehensive overview of <strong>the</strong> socio-economic impacts of <strong>the</strong> cultivation<br />
and trade of genetically modified (<strong>GM</strong>) <strong>crops</strong>, based on <strong>the</strong> latest available scientific publications.<br />
First a global overview is provided. The socio-economic impacts of <strong>GM</strong> cultivation <strong>in</strong> <strong>Europe</strong> are<br />
explored <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> next part which takes <strong>in</strong>to account both observed <strong>benefits</strong> (ex post analysis) as well<br />
as lost opportunities (ex ante analysis). F<strong>in</strong>ally, trade and regulatory impacts on <strong>Europe</strong> are analysed<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> last section.