Baseline information on agricultural practices in the EU ... - Europabio

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Zone Member State Fungicides (% of cultivated sugar beet area) n/a: not applicable -: no data available Fungicides (number of applications) active ingredients Spain a - 1-3 Bitertanol; Bupirimate; Carbendazim; Cypermetrin; Cyproconazol; Difenoconazol; Epoxiconazol; Fenpropimorf; Flutriafol; Mancozeb; Maneb; Miclobutanil; Pencicuron; Prochloraz; Propiconazol; Strobilurin; Sulphur; Tetraconazol; Thiram; Triadimenol; Triazole Online documents and software programs are available for farmers to decide on pest and disease control: online diagnosis program (serving Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Lithuania, the Netherlands and Sweden); BISZ Warning Service and LIZmonitoring (Germany); Cercostop (Italy); Betakwik Pests and Diseases (the Netherlands) (CIBE-CEFS, 2010); ResauBet Fongi in France. 5.2.4 Plant Protection Products The placing on the market of plant protection products is regulated by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 10 . Whereas the active substance is approved at EU level, the actual plant protection products are authorised at Member State level and the authorisation includes details of each authorised use. Potential environmental impacts already addressed by that Regulation include impact on non-target species and the likelihood of resistance development. A plant protection product must -among other aspects- not have any unacceptable effects on plants or plant products; and have no unacceptable effects on the environment, having particular regard to its fate and distribution in the environment, its impact on non-target species and its impact on biodiversity and the ecosystem. In addition to management measures, the holder of an authorisation for a plant protection product is also required to monitor and to report annually to the competent authorities of the Member States which authorised the plant protection product if the holder has any <strong>information</strong> available relating to the lack of expected efficacy, the development of resistance and to any unexpected effect on plants, plant products or the environment. Any agricultural development that would include a change in the use of a crop protection product, will need to fulfil the requirements imposed by this legislation and will be evaluated in line with similar products by the relevant competent authorities. 10 Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market and repealing Council Directives 79/117/EEC and 91/414/EEC. OJ L 309, 24.11.2009, p.1-50. Page 40 of 66
The Sixth Environment Action Programme and the Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable Use of Pesticides, adopted by the Council and Parliament for the period 2002-2012, aims towards a healthier environment. Amongst the objectives are the reduction of the levels of harmful active substances used, in particular by substituting the most dangerous with safer alternatives, and the promotion of low-input or pesticide-free cultivation. This resulted in the 2009/128/EC Framework Directive 11 establishing the framework to achieve a sustainable use of pesticides by reducing the risks and impacts of pesticide use on human health and the environment and promoting the use of integrated pest management and of alternative approaches or techniques such as non-chemical alternatives to pesticides. This Directive obliges the Member States to adopt National Action Plans (NAPs) by 14 December 2012 to set up measures to implement Community legislation and to achieve individual objectives. Integrated pest management (IPM) is a key element in the NAPs. The use of disease and pest resistant or tolerant varieties, may add substantially to the implementation of IPM by farmers. Examples of pesticide-use reduction programmes include: - Denmark launched its first pesticide-use reduction programme in 1986. In 2000 the second pesticide action plan began. It aimed to reduce pesticide use to attain a treatment frequency index (TFI) of 1.7. This target indirectly remains in a new pesticide action plan (Agreement on green growth, 2009) which is part of a wider action plan. For 2010-15 the indicator TFI is slightly changed and now also includes organic cultivated land. The new target is a modified index (pesticide impact index) of 1.4 by 2013. - In Germany, the Plant Protection Product Reduction Programme was devised and published in 2004. This National Action Plan on Sustainable Use of Plant Protection Products builds on that programme (2008). The leitmotiv is the use of the necessary minimum of plant protection products when all other practicable options to prevent and deter harmful organisms have been exhausted. - In 2008, France set a 50% reduction, where possible, by 2018 in the ‘Ecophyto 2018’. It also banned the 53 most problematic substances, 30 of which would have been banned by the end of 2008. Any change in agricultural practice will need to be evaluated against these objectives. New developments may offer alternatives to existing products and present options for lower levels of application of active ingredients with an improved environmental profile. Additionally, integration of genetic tolerances or resistances to pests or diseases may expand IPM strategies. Pest populations have the potential to develop resistance to the crop protection products used against them, particularly if they are regularly treated with a single product. The result is that once effective products are no longer able to control the pest and have to be replaced. Resistance is a natural phenomenon but its development is an important threat for sustainable crop protection that must be tackled proactively, through resistance management programmes. Resistance management is undertaken within the context of an Integrated Pest Management Strategy. It is possible that resistance management programmes require a change in agricultural practice, e.g. by implementing diversification of protective measures in adjacent field zones. The 2000/60/EC Water Framework Directive 12 states that aquatic environments throughout the EU will have to achieve good ecological status by 2015. Pesticides are one of the main sources of water pollution and aquatic environment degradation. The Groundwater Directive 2006/118/EC 13 has been developed to elaborate further on the requirements of the Water Framework Directive. Member States have developed national laws and regulations, prohibiting the use of some products, limiting the application of others. E.g. in Belgium, buffer zones between the last treated row and water bodies are required for certain weed control products. Denmark established a mandatory 10 m non-sprayed, nonfertilised and unfarmed buffer zones on all water courses (by 2012) and a mandatory 25 m sprayingfree buffer zones around public drinking water sources (NAP 2010-15). Buffer zones are also 11 Directive 2009/128/EC of 21 October 2009 establishing a framework for Community action to achieve the sustainable use of pesticides. OJ L309, 24.11.2009, p.71-86 12 Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the Community action in the field of water policy, OJ L 327, 22.12.2000, p. 1-72. 13 Directive 2006/118/EC of 12 December 2006 on the protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration, OJ L372, 27.12.2006, p. 19-31. Page 41 of 66
Page 1 and 2: Baseline i
Page 3 and 4: 1 Introduction Under the current Eu
Page 5 and 6: 3 Sugar beet cultivation in Europe
Page 7 and 8: The distribution of sugar beet prod
Page 9 and 10: Table 2: Sugar and fodder beet acre
Page 11 and 12: Zone Member State Beet type 2010 20
Page 13 and 14: Zone Member State Number of holding
Page 15 and 16: Zone Member State Main weed species
Page 17 and 18: Zone Member State Main pest species
Page 19 and 20: Zone Member State Main diseases C S
Page 21 and 22: Figure 4: Distribution of BNYVV (so
Page 23 and 24: cytoplasm. For CMS to be expressed,
Page 25 and 26: Zone Member State Insecticide (% of
Page 27 and 28: On water erosion sensitive soils it
Page 29 and 30: Not only are the requirements of a
Page 31 and 32: Zone Member State Sowing dates Seed
Page 33 and 34: Zone Member State Treated area (% o
Page 35 and 36: Active ingredient HRAC classificati
Page 37 and 38: Zone Member State Insecticides (% o
Page 39: Zone Member State Fungicides (% of
Page 43 and 44: As an example to show the necessity
Page 45 and 46: Zone Member State Region C South To
Page 47 and 48: -: figure not available *: As data
Page 49 and 50: Table 20: Irrigation methods and so
Page 51 and 52: Zone Member Irrigation methods Stat
Page 53 and 54: Irrigation methods Irrigation sourc
Page 55 and 56: The main overall objective of EU wa
Page 57 and 58: Zone Member State C South 2010 2009
Page 59 and 60: 7 References The following table pr
Page 61 and 62: Crop Research Institute http://www.
Page 63 and 64: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (LALLF M-V),
Page 65 and 66: akkerbouw en vollegrondsgroenten. P

Baseline information on agricultural practices in the EU ... - Europabio

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?