Baseline information on agricultural practices in the EU ... - Europabio

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Zone Member State Tillage B Centre C South n/a: not applicable -: no data available Fertiliser (kg/ha) Finland d - Max.140 N for clay and mineral soils; 120 N for organic soils; 0-42 P Latvia n/a n/a n/a Lithuania - - - Sweden - - - Austria d 30% sown in mulch Max. 80-140 N - Belgium - - - Czech Republic - - - Germany d, e 40% sown in mulch Max. 140-160 N Hungary - - - Ireland n/a n/a n/a Luxembourg n/a n/a n/a the Netherlands a - 100-150 N 70 P2O5 150-200 K2O On light soils: 200 Na2O and 50-70 MgO Poland - - - Romania - - - Slovakia - - - Slovenia n/a n/a n/a the United Kingdom - - - Bulgaria n/a n/a n/a Cyprus n/a n/a n/a France b, d 85% with turning soil; 13-15% without 100-120 N, 75-145 P2O5, 190-235 K2O Greece - - - Italy - - - Malta n/a n/a n/a Portugal n/a n/a n/a Spain c N: S: 120-200 N, 115-185 P2O5, 0-130 K2O 195-245 N, 90-185 P2O5, 0 K2O Insecticides (% applied of the cultivated area) - - - - - Page 28 of 66
Not only are the requirements of a specific crop or soil conditions determining the agricultural practice of applying manure or mineral fertilisers, also laws and regulations are, to a large extend, weighing on the agricultural practice. As an example the Nitrates Directive 9 aiming to protect water quality across Europe by preventing nitrates from agricultural sources polluting ground and surface waters, sets a maximum of 170 kg N/ha originating from livestock manure in "vulnerable zones", amongst other measurements. Phosphorus application with chemical fertilisers, as a rule, is prohibited unless soil analysis is performed and a permit is issued by the competent authority. Some Member States establish codes of good agricultural practice and set up an action programme for the vulnerable zones. Some examples of legislation: • In the Netherlands the requirements are laid down in the ‘Meststoffenwet’ (1986 and amendments) and implementing decrees and decisions. • In Flanders (Belgium), the Manure Decree (Mestdecreet, 2006 and amendments) as worked out in the ‘Mestactieplan’ (MAP1 in 1996, MAP2 in 1998, MAP3 in 2006 and draft MAP4 in 2010) is applicable. • In Germany the Fertilisation Ordinance (Verordnung über die Grundsätze der guten fachlichen Praxis beim Düngen vom 26. Januar 1996. BGBL I S. 118, geändert durch VO v. 16.7.1997, BGBL I S. 1835) is interpreted further by the individual governments of each federal state (Bundesland). • In Spain following Regulation (EC) 73/2009, Royal Decree 486/2009 states good agricultural practices as a condition for farmers that receive community aid. The Autonomous Regions further elaborate the rules for their territory. In particular, Royal Decree 291/1996 is about water quality protection against nitrates. • In France Decree 2001-34 transposing the Nitrates Directive, later modified by Decree 2005- 634, deals with nitrate applications in vulnerable zones. Several Inter-ministerial Circulars (DE/DPPR/DGS/DGFAR of April 2001, DGFAR/SDSTAR/C2003-5021 of September 2003, DGFAR/SDER/C2008-5014 of March 2008, etc.) and the inter-ministerial Decision of 6 March 2001, and the “Code des bonnes pratiques agricoles” as established by the Decision of 22 November 1993 further elaborate on the subject. • Italy: “Decreto legislativo 11 maggio 1999, n. 152, "Disposizioni sulla tutela delle acque dall'inquinamento e recepimento della direttiva 91/271/CEE concernente il trattamento delle acque reflue urbane e della direttiva 91/676/CEE” as amended in 2000 and twice in 2003. Examples of action programmes in respect of designated vulnerable zones are ‘FertiMieux’ in France, ‘Wallonia Prop’eau Sable’ in Belgium, ‘Thessaly nitrate pollution project’ in Greece. Or they are incorporated into other programmes: e.g. ‘National Nitrogen Management Programme’ in Denmark and the Protected Area and Compensation Regulation ‘SchALVO’ in Baden-Württemberg, Germany (CIBE-CEFS, 2010). For each field, nitrogen needs are calculated taking into account the previous crop, the catch crop, the type of soil, the organic matter content of the soil, the expected yield and local regulations. Also, limitations in time of spreading manure have been established. 9 91/676/EEC, OJ L 375, 31.12.1991, p. 1-8 Page 29 of 66
Page 1 and 2: Baseline i
Page 3 and 4: 1 Introduction Under the current Eu
Page 5 and 6: 3 Sugar beet cultivation in Europe
Page 7 and 8: The distribution of sugar beet prod
Page 9 and 10: Table 2: Sugar and fodder beet acre
Page 11 and 12: Zone Member State Beet type 2010 20
Page 13 and 14: Zone Member State Number of holding
Page 15 and 16: Zone Member State Main weed species
Page 17 and 18: Zone Member State Main pest species
Page 19 and 20: Zone Member State Main diseases C S
Page 21 and 22: Figure 4: Distribution of BNYVV (so
Page 23 and 24: cytoplasm. For CMS to be expressed,
Page 25 and 26: Zone Member State Insecticide (% of
Page 27: On water erosion sensitive soils it
Page 31 and 32: Zone Member State Sowing dates Seed
Page 33 and 34: Zone Member State Treated area (% o
Page 35 and 36: Active ingredient HRAC classificati
Page 37 and 38: Zone Member State Insecticides (% o
Page 39 and 40: Zone Member State Fungicides (% of
Page 41 and 42: The Sixth Environment Action Progra
Page 43 and 44: As an example to show the necessity
Page 45 and 46: Zone Member State Region C South To
Page 47 and 48: -: figure not available *: As data
Page 49 and 50: Table 20: Irrigation methods and so
Page 51 and 52: Zone Member Irrigation methods Stat
Page 53 and 54: Irrigation methods Irrigation sourc
Page 55 and 56: The main overall objective of EU wa
Page 57 and 58: Zone Member State C South 2010 2009
Page 59 and 60: 7 References The following table pr
Page 61 and 62: Crop Research Institute http://www.
Page 63 and 64: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (LALLF M-V),
Page 65 and 66: akkerbouw en vollegrondsgroenten. P

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