Baseline information on agricultural practices in the EU ... - Europabio

3.3 Weeds, pests and diseases
3.3.1 Weeds
Maize is a late sowing crop and thus late row-closing. This means that some of the seedbed remains
as bare soil, offering ideal conditions for the germination and rapid development of weeds.
Furthermore, developing maize is particularly sensitive to any sort of competition that limits its supply
of nutrients.
The most important monocotyledonous weeds are Poaceae, such as Echinochloa crus-galli (L.)
Beauv. and Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. which cause problems in all European countries (see Table 4).
The dicotyledonous weed Chenopodium album L. is perceived as most important for all countries.
Furthermore, Amaranthus spp. (Amaranthaceae), different Polygonaceae and Solanum nigrum L.
(Solanaceae) are of significance in most regions. Late germinating and perennial weed species show
increased importance.
Table 4: Maize – main European weeds (Sources: Meissle et al., 2010; <strong>information</strong> provided by
EuropaBio member companies)
Zone Member State Main weed species
A
North
B
Centre
Denmark Chenopodium album; Cirsium arvense; Echinochloa crus-galli; Fallopia
convolvulus; Elymus repens; Gallium aparine; Geranium spp.; Poa
annua; Polygonum spp.; Setaria viridis; Solanum nigrum; Stellaria media;
Tripleurospermum inodorum; Viola spp. and Veronica spp.
Estonia -
Finland -
Latvia -
Lithuania -
Sweden i -
Austria -
Belgium Chenopodium album; Echinochloa crus-galli; Matricaria chamomilla; Poa
annua; Polygonum spp.; Setaria spp.; Solanum nigrum
Czech Republic Agropyron repens; Amaranthus retroflexus; Cirsium arvense; Echinochloa
crus-galli; Polygonum spp.
Germany Abutilon theophrasti; Agropyron repens; Amaranthus spp.; Ambrosia
artemisiifolia; Anthemis spp.; Calystegia sepium; Chenopodium album;
Cirsium arvense; Convolvulus arvensis; Datura spp.; Echinochloa crusgalli;
Fallopia convolvulus; Elymus repens; Gallium aparine; Geranium
spp.; Poa annua; Polygonum spp.; Portulaca oleracea; Setaria viridis;
Solanum nigrum; Stellaria media; Tripleurospermum inodorum; Viola spp.
and Veronica spp.
Hungary Abutilon theophrasti; Amaranthus spp.; Ambrosia artemisiifolia;
Chenopodium album; Cirsium arvense; Convolvulus arvensis; Datura
spp.; Echinochloa crus-galli; Panicum spp.; Setaria viridis; Sorghum
halepense and Xanthium spp.
Ireland -
Luxembourg -
the Netherlands Agropyron repens; Amaranthus spp.; Anthemis spp.; Atriplex patula;
Calystegia sepium; Chenopodium album; Chenopodium spp.;
Convolvulus arvensis; Digitaria sanguinalis; Echinochloa crus-galli;
Elymus repens; Fallopia convolvulus; Geranium spp.; Lamium
purpureum; Matricaria chamomilla; Poa annua; Polygonum spp.; Setaria
viridis; Solanum nigrum; Stellaria media; Urtica urens and Viola arvensis
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