Civil-military Coordination in the Common Security and ... - ETC Graz
Civil-military Coordination in the Common Security and ... - ETC Graz
Civil-military Coordination in the Common Security and ... - ETC Graz
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Markus MÖSTL<br />
comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control arrangements, <strong>and</strong> arrangements for <strong>the</strong> shar<strong>in</strong>g of<br />
<strong>in</strong>formation. 7<br />
This contribution <strong>in</strong>vestigates <strong>the</strong> EU’s progress <strong>in</strong> CMCO by first review<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />
EU def<strong>in</strong>ition <strong>and</strong> conceptualization of CMCO <strong>in</strong> Section B. Section C analyzes <strong>the</strong><br />
developments <strong>and</strong> achievements made for <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>stitutionalization of CMCO before<br />
Section D discusses pert<strong>in</strong>ent questions related to <strong>the</strong> EU’s capability development<br />
process. Section E gives a brief overview of practical experiences of CMCO ga<strong>the</strong>red<br />
<strong>in</strong> Bosnia <strong>and</strong> Herzegov<strong>in</strong>a (BiH) <strong>and</strong> Section F will offer some overall conclusions<br />
expla<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g why <strong>the</strong> EU still has to fur<strong>the</strong>r extend its coord<strong>in</strong>ation efforts for<br />
comprehensive crisis management operations.<br />
B The CSDP Approach to <strong>Civil</strong>-<strong>military</strong> <strong>Coord<strong>in</strong>ation</strong><br />
CMCO poses particularly high challenges for <strong>the</strong> EU. The <strong>in</strong>stitutional setup of <strong>the</strong><br />
EU implies that not only civilian <strong>and</strong> <strong>military</strong> aspects of <strong>the</strong> CSDP have to be<br />
coord<strong>in</strong>ated; it also means that <strong>the</strong> relevant activities of <strong>the</strong> European Commission,<br />
which usually address long-term needs, have to be coord<strong>in</strong>ated with <strong>the</strong> more shortterm<br />
measures taken by <strong>the</strong> Council of <strong>the</strong> EU under <strong>the</strong> CSDP. 8<br />
Indeed, <strong>the</strong> first conceptual work on CMCO took up <strong>the</strong> issue of <strong>in</strong>ter-<strong>in</strong>stitutional<br />
coord<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>in</strong> 2001, when <strong>the</strong> European Commission <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Council of <strong>the</strong> EU<br />
shared <strong>the</strong>ir relevant experiences <strong>and</strong> made proposals on how to <strong>in</strong>crease<br />
coord<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>and</strong> how to create synergies. 9 S<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>the</strong>n, a range of documents has<br />
been approved deal<strong>in</strong>g with CMCO on <strong>the</strong> strategic level with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> CSDP. Most<br />
prom<strong>in</strong>ently, <strong>the</strong> Council adopted an action plan <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g a checklist for <strong>the</strong><br />
improvement of CMCO. 10 This list comprises proposals to <strong>in</strong>clude coord<strong>in</strong>ation<br />
activities <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> template for crisis management concepts, jo<strong>in</strong>t exercises <strong>and</strong> tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g,<br />
<strong>and</strong> also suggestions for improvements of <strong>the</strong> coord<strong>in</strong>ation on an <strong>in</strong>stitutional level <strong>in</strong><br />
Brussels. A fur<strong>the</strong>r document detail<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> aims of CMCO claims that on <strong>the</strong> long run<br />
a “culture of coord<strong>in</strong>ation” should be developed for <strong>the</strong> civilian <strong>and</strong> <strong>military</strong> aspects of<br />
CSDP. 11<br />
Build<strong>in</strong>g on a non-paper by <strong>the</strong> United K<strong>in</strong>gdom, Austria <strong>and</strong> F<strong>in</strong>l<strong>and</strong>, which<br />
identifies key issue areas for <strong>the</strong> fur<strong>the</strong>r development of CMCO, 12 a framework paper<br />
7 Gustav Hägglund, EU's challenge to guarantee civil-<strong>military</strong> co-ord<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>in</strong> its future field<br />
operations, Hels<strong>in</strong>ki, 20 September 2002.<br />
8 This contribution, however, will ma<strong>in</strong>ly concentrate on CMCO <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> CSDP.<br />
9 Council of <strong>the</strong> European Union, <strong>Civil</strong>-<strong>military</strong> co-ord<strong>in</strong>ation, Doc. 12307/02, Brussels, 24<br />
September 2002.<br />
10 Council of <strong>the</strong> European Union, Action plan for <strong>the</strong> fur<strong>the</strong>r streng<strong>the</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g of civil-<strong>military</strong><br />
co-ord<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>in</strong> EU crisis management, Doc. 13480/1/02 REV 1, Brussels, 29 October<br />
2002.<br />
11 Council of <strong>the</strong> European Union, <strong>Civil</strong> Military Co-ord<strong>in</strong>ation (CMCO), Doc. 14457/03,<br />
Brussels, 7 November 2003.<br />
12 Non-paper by <strong>the</strong> United K<strong>in</strong>gdom, Austria <strong>and</strong> F<strong>in</strong>l<strong>and</strong> for a sem<strong>in</strong>ar on CMCO, London,<br />
17 October 2005.<br />
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