MODELING CHAR OXIDATION AS A FUNCTION OF PRESSURE ...
MODELING CHAR OXIDATION AS A FUNCTION OF PRESSURE ... MODELING CHAR OXIDATION AS A FUNCTION OF PRESSURE ...
Reade, W., “An Improved Method for Predicting High-Temperature Char Oxidation Rates,” M.S. Thesis, Brigham Young University (1996) Roberts, G. W. and C. N. Satterfield, “Effectiveness Factor for Porous Catalysts,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals, 4, 288 (1965). Rosa, J. O. M., T. V. Carcia and J. A. O. Tapia, “Evaluation of Isothermal Effectiveness Factor for Nonlinear Kinetics Using an Approximate Method,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 37, 3780 (1998). Schneider, P. and P. Mitschka, “Effect of Internal Diffusion on Catalytic Reactions,” Chemical Engineering Science, 21, 455 (1966). Simons, G. A., “The Role of Pore Structure in Coal Pyrolysis and Gasification,” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 9, 269 (1983). Smith, I. W., "The Combustion of Coal Char: A Review", 11th Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 1045 (1982). Smith, J. M., Chemical Engineering Kinetics, McGraw Hill, New York (1981). Smith, K. L., L. D. Smoot, T. H. Fletcher and R. J. Pugmire, The Structure and Reaction Processes of Coal, Plenum Press, New York (1994). Smoot, L. D. and P. J. Smith, Coal Combustion and Gasification, Plenum Press, New York and London (1985). Sun, J. K. and R. Hurt, “Mechanism of Extinction and Near-Extinction in Solid Fuel Combustion,” In review, 28 th Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA (1999) Suuberg, E. M., M. Wojtowicz and J. M. Calo, “Reaction Order for Low Temperature Oxidation of Carbon,” 22nd Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 79 (1988). Suuberg, E. M., Fundamental Issues in Control of Carbon Gasification Reactivity, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1991). Szekely, J. and J. W. Evans, "A Structural Model for Gas-Solid Reactions with a Moving Boundary - I", Chemical Engineering Science, 25, 1901 (1970). Szekely, J. and J. W. Evans, "A Structural Model for Gas-Solid Reactions with a Moving Boundary - II: The Effect of Grain Size, Porosity and Temperature on the Reaction of Porous Pellets", Chemical Engineering Science, 26, 1901 (1971). 136
Szekely, J. and M. Propster, "A Structural Model for Gas Solid Reactions with a Moving Boundary - VI: The Effect of Grain Size Distribution on the Conversion of Porous Solids", Chemical Engineering Science, 30, 1049 (1975). Thiele, E. W., “Relation between Catalytic Activity and Size of Particle,” Ind. Eng. Chem., 31, 916 (1939). Thring, M. W. and R. H. Essenhigh, “Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Combustion of Solid Fuels,” Chemistry of Coal Utilization, H. H. Lowry (Ed), Supplementary volume, p.892, Wiley, New York (1963). Tognotti, L., J. P. Longwell and A. F. Sarofim, “The Products of the High Temperature Oxidation of a Single Char Particle in an Electrodynamic Balance,” 23rd Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 1207 (1990). Tseng, H. P. and T. F. Edgar, “Combustion Behavior of Bituminous and Anthracite Coal Char between 425 and 900 °C,” Fuel, 64, 373 (1985). Tyson, S. and T. Blackstock, Unburned Carbonaceous Material on Utility Fly Ash Conference, U.S. DOE PETC, Pittsburgh (1995). Villadsen, F. and M. L. Michelsen, Solution of Differential Equation Models by Polynomial Approximation, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1978). Walker, P. L. Jr., F. J. Rusinko and L. G. Austin, "Gas Reactions of Carbon", Advances in Catalysis, 11, 133 (1959). Wakao, N and J. M. Smith, “Diffusion in Catalyst Pellets,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 17, 825 (1962). Wedel, S. and D. Luss, “A Rational Approximation of the Effectiveness Factor,” Chem. Eng. Commum., 7, 245 (1980). Wheeler, A., Advances in Catalysis, Academic Press, Inc., New York (1951). White, W. E., C. H. Bartholomew, W. C. Hecker and D. M. Smith, Adsorption Sci. Technol., 7, 180 (1991). 137
- Page 107 and 108: 7. Model Evaluation and Discussion
- Page 109 and 110: experiments are non-porous, the rat
- Page 111 and 112: and 2850 K). For consistency with t
- Page 113 and 114: The value of the roughness factor w
- Page 115 and 116: = S int S ext D e r p a 2 2M C M O2
- Page 117 and 118: Reactor Head Flow Straightener Reac
- Page 119 and 120: the large size of the particle, and
- Page 121 and 122: taking into account convection, rad
- Page 123 and 124: 2.5x10 -4 2 /sec) 2.0 1.5 Rate (g/c
- Page 125 and 126: Table 7.5. The Experimental Conditi
- Page 127 and 128: The burnout and particle velocity d
- Page 129 and 130: The HP-CBK was used to predict the
- Page 131 and 132: TGA and FFB Data-This Study The rea
- Page 133 and 134: This equation can be derived as fol
- Page 135 and 136: q = A 1p e − E 1 p / RT P os 1 +
- Page 137 and 138: m obs = 0 at high temperatures) and
- Page 139 and 140: Currently the correlations between
- Page 141 and 142: 8. Summary and Conclusions The obje
- Page 143 and 144: 0.5 due to the contribution from th
- Page 145 and 146: Langmuir rate equation, the reactio
- Page 147 and 148: II, in agreement with many observat
- Page 149 and 150: 9. Recommendations The predictive c
- Page 151 and 152: References Ahmed, S., M. H. Back an
- Page 153 and 154: Essenhigh, R. H., D. Fortsch and H.
- Page 155: Mehta, B. N. and R. Aris , “Commu
- Page 159 and 160: Appendices 139
- Page 161 and 162: Introduction Appendix A: Experiment
- Page 163 and 164: detaching the flame from the burner
- Page 165 and 166: To study the effects of steam, CO w
- Page 167 and 168: times at heights of 1, 2, 4, and 6
- Page 169 and 170: analysis. The char reactivities (in
- Page 171 and 172: Table A.5. Moisture, Ash and ICP Ma
- Page 173 and 174: Table A.9. Elemental Analyses of Fo
- Page 175 and 176: temperature profile of the post-fla
- Page 177 and 178: Apparent densities 1.00 0.75 0.50 0
- Page 179 and 180: This observation is somewhat surpri
- Page 181 and 182: It is interesting to compare Figure
- Page 183 and 184: The N 2 BET surfacea areas and H/C
- Page 185 and 186: collected in the #4 reactor conditi
- Page 187 and 188: Rate (gC /g C remaining /sec) 1.6x1
- Page 189 and 190: close to zero, the accumulated erro
- Page 191: Appendix B: Errors and Standard Dev
Reade, W., “An Improved Method for Predicting High-Temperature Char Oxidation<br />
Rates,” M.S. Thesis, Brigham Young University (1996)<br />
Roberts, G. W. and C. N. Satterfield, “Effectiveness Factor for Porous Catalysts,” Ind.<br />
Eng. Chem. Fundamentals, 4, 288 (1965).<br />
Rosa, J. O. M., T. V. Carcia and J. A. O. Tapia, “Evaluation of Isothermal Effectiveness<br />
Factor for Nonlinear Kinetics Using an Approximate Method,” Ind. Eng. Chem.<br />
Res., 37, 3780 (1998).<br />
Schneider, P. and P. Mitschka, “Effect of Internal Diffusion on Catalytic Reactions,”<br />
Chemical Engineering Science, 21, 455 (1966).<br />
Simons, G. A., “The Role of Pore Structure in Coal Pyrolysis and Gasification,” Prog.<br />
Energy Combust. Sci., 9, 269 (1983).<br />
Smith, I. W., "The Combustion of Coal Char: A Review", 11th Symposium (International)<br />
on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 1045 (1982).<br />
Smith, J. M., Chemical Engineering Kinetics, McGraw Hill, New York (1981).<br />
Smith, K. L., L. D. Smoot, T. H. Fletcher and R. J. Pugmire, The Structure and Reaction<br />
Processes of Coal, Plenum Press, New York (1994).<br />
Smoot, L. D. and P. J. Smith, Coal Combustion and Gasification, Plenum Press, New<br />
York and London (1985).<br />
Sun, J. K. and R. Hurt, “Mechanism of Extinction and Near-Extinction in Solid Fuel<br />
Combustion,” In review, 28 th Symposium (International) on Combustion, The<br />
Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA (1999)<br />
Suuberg, E. M., M. Wojtowicz and J. M. Calo, “Reaction Order for Low Temperature<br />
Oxidation of Carbon,” 22nd Symposium (International) on Combustion, The<br />
Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 79 (1988).<br />
Suuberg, E. M., Fundamental Issues in Control of Carbon Gasification Reactivity, Kluwer<br />
Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1991).<br />
Szekely, J. and J. W. Evans, "A Structural Model for Gas-Solid Reactions with a Moving<br />
Boundary - I", Chemical Engineering Science, 25, 1901 (1970).<br />
Szekely, J. and J. W. Evans, "A Structural Model for Gas-Solid Reactions with a Moving<br />
Boundary - II: The Effect of Grain Size, Porosity and Temperature on the Reaction<br />
of Porous Pellets", Chemical Engineering Science, 26, 1901 (1971).<br />
136
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