X - Estrella Mountain Community College
X - Estrella Mountain Community College
X - Estrella Mountain Community College
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
Communities<br />
Order<br />
Regulation<br />
Energy processing<br />
The biosphere<br />
Populations<br />
Ecosystems<br />
Evolutionary adaptation<br />
Organisms<br />
Reproduction<br />
Response to<br />
the environment<br />
Growth and<br />
development<br />
Organs and<br />
organ systems<br />
Organelles<br />
Tissues<br />
Atoms<br />
Molecules<br />
Cells<br />
1<br />
2
(a) Wings<br />
Eukaryotic cell<br />
Membrane<br />
Cytoplasm<br />
Membrane-<br />
enclosed organelles<br />
(b) Wing bones<br />
Prokaryotic cell<br />
DNA<br />
(no nucleus)<br />
Membrane<br />
Nucleus<br />
(membrane-<br />
enclosed)<br />
DNA (throughout<br />
nucleus) 1 µm<br />
5<br />
6
Nuclei<br />
containing<br />
DNA<br />
DNA<br />
Sperm cell<br />
Egg cell<br />
Nucleus<br />
Cell<br />
Fertilized egg<br />
with DNA from<br />
both parents<br />
(a) DNA double helix<br />
Embryo’s cells with<br />
copies of inherited DNA<br />
Nucleotide<br />
Offspring with traits<br />
inherited from<br />
both parents<br />
A<br />
C<br />
T<br />
A<br />
T T<br />
A<br />
C<br />
C<br />
G<br />
T<br />
A<br />
G<br />
T<br />
A<br />
(b) Single strand of DNA<br />
7<br />
8
Ursus americanus<br />
(American black bear)<br />
Excess D<br />
blocks a step.<br />
D<br />
(a) Negative feedback<br />
Excess Z<br />
stimulates a<br />
step.<br />
Z<br />
Z<br />
(b) Positive feedback<br />
Species<br />
Ursus<br />
Ursidae<br />
Carnivora<br />
D<br />
Negative<br />
feedback<br />
D<br />
Positive<br />
feedback<br />
Z<br />
Mammalia<br />
+<br />
A<br />
B<br />
C<br />
D<br />
W<br />
X<br />
Y<br />
Z<br />
Enzyme 1<br />
Enzyme 2<br />
Enzyme 3<br />
Enzyme 4<br />
Enzyme 5<br />
Enzyme 6<br />
Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Domain<br />
Chordata<br />
Animalia<br />
Eukarya<br />
9<br />
10
(a) Domain Bacteria (b) Domain Archaea<br />
(c) Domain Eukarya<br />
Kingdom Plantae<br />
15 µm<br />
Kingdom Fungi<br />
Cilia of<br />
Paramecium<br />
2 µm<br />
0.1 µm<br />
Protists<br />
Cross section of a cilium, as viewed<br />
with an electron microscope<br />
2 µm<br />
Kingdom Animalia<br />
5 µm<br />
100 µm<br />
Cilia of<br />
windpipe<br />
cells<br />
11<br />
12
1 Population with 2 Elimination of 3 Reproduction of 4<br />
varied inherited individuals with survivors<br />
traits<br />
certain traits<br />
COMMON<br />
ANCESTOR<br />
Warbler finches<br />
Tree finches Ground finches<br />
Insect-eaters<br />
Insect-eaters<br />
Seed-eaters<br />
Seed-eater<br />
Bud-eater<br />
Cactus-flowereaters<br />
Green warbler finch<br />
Certhidea olivacea<br />
Gray warbler finch<br />
Certhidea fusca<br />
Sharp-beaked<br />
ground finch<br />
Geospiza difficilis<br />
Vegetarian finch<br />
Platyspiza crassirostris<br />
Mangrove finch<br />
Cactospiza heliobates<br />
Woodpecker finch<br />
Cactospiza pallida<br />
Medium tree finch<br />
Camarhynchus pauper<br />
Large tree finch<br />
Camarhynchus psittacula<br />
Small tree finch<br />
Camarhynchus parvulus<br />
Large cactus<br />
ground finch<br />
Geospiza conirostris<br />
Cactus ground finch<br />
Geospiza scandens<br />
Small ground finch<br />
Geospiza fuliginosa<br />
Medium ground finch<br />
Geospiza fortis<br />
Large ground finch<br />
Geospiza<br />
magnirostris<br />
Increasing<br />
frequency of<br />
traits that<br />
enhance<br />
survival and<br />
reproductive<br />
success<br />
13<br />
14
Hypothesis #1:<br />
Dead batteries<br />
Prediction:<br />
Replacing batteries<br />
will fix problem<br />
Observations<br />
Question<br />
Hypothesis #2:<br />
Burnt-out bulb<br />
Prediction:<br />
Replacing bulb<br />
will fix problem<br />
Test of prediction Test of prediction<br />
Test falsifies hypothesis Test does not falsify hypothesis<br />
15
Change language