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Measuring Conductivity of Proton Conductive Membrane in the direction of thickness, partⅡ: using the 4-probe method in the direction of thickness 5 (1) More attention should be paid to the following items as influencing factors in the 4-probe method in the direction of thickness: the species and characteristics of the conductor and the coating layer materials constituting reference electrodes, the method of fabricating MEA specimens, the temperature and pressure conditions in hot-pressing, and connections with external devices. (2) Anisotropic ion conductance can be induced over the directions of thickness and in-plane for Nafion117 ® -like electrolyte membranes when pretreated at higher temperature and pressure. (3) The 4-probe technique may be employed in the direction of thickness in real measurements of the ion-conducting electrolyte membrane. 6 Conclusions Acknowledgement The authors would like to express their gratitude to Mr. Zyun Siroma of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) for helpful instruction and useful discussions. [Bibliography] 1) K. M. Cable et al., Chem. Mater., 7, p.1601, 1995. 2) Shuhua Ma and Zyun Siroma, Proceedings of the 46th Battery Symposium in Japan, 2G-18, 2005. 3) Shuhua Ma, Akiko Kuse, Zyun Siroma and Kazuaki Yasuda, Espec Technology Report, No. 20, P.12-20, 2005. 4) Shuhua Ma, Zyun Siroma and Hirokazu Tanaka, J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 153, No. 12, A2274-A2281, 2006. 5) C. H. Lee et al., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 44, p. 7617-7626, 2005. 6) Solartron Instruments, Model 1287 Electrochemical Interface, Instruction manual, issued by TOYO corporation. - 15 - Espec Technology Report No.23
Introducing ESPEC EUROPE GmbH Topic Introducing ESPEC EUROPE GmbH Masago Iwashima, Espec Europe GmbH 1 Introduction - A letter from Yoshinobu Matsumura, Managing Director - Photo 1 Yoshinobu Matsumura, Managing Director, Espec Europe GmbH Greetings, I am Yoshinobu Matsumura, Managing Director, Espec Europe GmbH. I would like to express my sincere appreciation for your continued patronage of Espec and our products. First, I would like to give a brief overview of how Espec has approached our dealings in the European market to this point. In 1988, Espec established a local corporation in Europe and began pursuing business development in Europe and in the old Soviet Union. Despite our efforts to expand into the Soviet market, shortly thereafter, as I’m sure you are well aware, the Soviet Union collapsed. Being considerably affected by that collapse, our temporary withdrawal became unavoidable. However, within the scope of our global development, the European market holds substantial promise, and we foresee tremendous improvement in the Russian market as well, leading to our renewed efforts to take up this challenge once more after a 15-year hiatus. In August 2004, we stationed representatives at an office we established in Frankfurt. In 2005, we moved our location to Munich, where our organizational framework evolved to a branch office. While a number of significant challenges remain, we are indebted to your patronage that has contributed to our favorable business results. In addition, from October 1, 2006, our new line-up is available. We have also established the new Espec Europe GmbH, which is operating in Munich. Based on the management philosophy of the Espec Group, we are striving to achieve a “corporation of global excellence” to develop a global business that is based on a management framework of transparency and respect for the laws and that meets the expectations of our global customers. As a European marketing company, our primary theme is to improve the satisfaction rate of our valued customers. Based on the structure of our local operational framework and our global network in each country, we are striving to make our support framework even better for each valued customer in the EU and Russia. We are indebted to you all for your continued patronage of Espec and our products. Yoshinobu Matsumura, Managing Director, Espec Europe GmbH - 16 - Espec Technology Report No.23
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