M&V Solar Water Heating Guideline - Eskom
M&V Solar Water Heating Guideline - Eskom
M&V Solar Water Heating Guideline - Eskom
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Measurement and Verification Standard <strong>Guideline</strong> for Low Pressure <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Heating</strong> Systems v1r1<br />
Table of Contents<br />
1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 7<br />
2 OVERVIEW OF SOLAR WATER HEATING PROGRAMMES ....................................................... 7<br />
2.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 7<br />
2.1.1 National <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Heating</strong> Programme Launch .................................................. 7<br />
2.1.2 Low Pressure <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>Water</strong> Heater Roll-out ............................................................... 7<br />
3 OVERVIEW OF RESIDENTIAL SOLAR WATER HEATING TECHNOLOGIES ................................ 8<br />
3.1 General ............................................................................................................................ 8<br />
3.2 <strong>Solar</strong> Collectors ................................................................................................................ 8<br />
3.2.1 Main Types of Collectors Used in South Africa ........................................................ 8<br />
3.2.2 Collector Orientation ................................................................................................ 9<br />
3.3 Influence of the Local Climatic Conditions on the SWH System Performance ............. 12<br />
3.3.1 Climatic Zones in South Africa ................................................................................ 12<br />
3.3.2 Evaluation of LPSWHS in respect of Installation Site Location and Climatic<br />
/Seasonal variations ......................................................................................................... 14<br />
3.4 High Pressure and Low Pressure <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>Water</strong> Heaters ................................................. 14<br />
3.4.1 High Pressure <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>Water</strong> Heaters ........................................................................ 14<br />
3.4.2 Low Pressure <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>Water</strong> Heaters ......................................................................... 15<br />
4 Low Pressure <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Heating</strong> Systems as Retrofit projects or Greenfield Projects17<br />
4.1 Retrofit projects ............................................................................................................ 17<br />
4.2 Greenfield Projects ........................................................................................................ 17<br />
4.3 Low Pressure <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Heating</strong> Systems as Retrofit Projects ............................... 17<br />
5 Testing of Low Pressure <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Heating</strong> Systems. .................................................... 17<br />
5.1 Tests by South African Bureau of Standards (SABS) .................................................... 18<br />
5.2 Essential Information from SABS Test Reports Used to Determine the Performance of<br />
the Low Pressure <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Heating</strong> Systems ................................................................ 18<br />
5.2.1 Examples based on extracts from a typical SABS Test Report Performed on<br />
LPSWHSs ........................................................................................................................... 19<br />
5.3 Accuracy and Errors of the Tests at SABS ..................................................................... 22<br />
6 Baseline of low pressure solar water heating projects ........................................................ 22<br />
6.1 Typical Site Description ................................................................................................. 22<br />
6.2 Electricity Usage Patterns in Low-cost Housing Environment ....................................... 24<br />
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