M&V Solar Water Heating Guideline - Eskom

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Measurement and Verification Standard Guideline for Low Pressure Solar Water Heating Systems v1r1 DB Distribution board Nomenclature EEDSM Energy efficiency and demand-side management MW Megawatts kW Kilowatts LPSWH Low Pressure Solar water Heating Systems kWh Kilowatt hours M&V Measurement and Verification MWh Megawatt hours M&V Measurement and Verification MD Maximum Demand ADMD After diversity maximum demand MVA Mega volt ampere kW Kilowatts TOU Time of Use ESCO Energy Service Company SWH Solar Water Heating SABS South African Bureau of Standards 4
Measurement and Verification Standard Guideline for Low Pressure Solar Water Heating Systems v1r1 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 7 2 OVERVIEW OF SOLAR WATER HEATING PROGRAMMES ....................................................... 7 2.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 National Solar Water Heating Programme Launch .................................................. 7 2.1.2 Low Pressure Solar Water Heater Roll-out ............................................................... 7 3 OVERVIEW OF RESIDENTIAL SOLAR WATER HEATING TECHNOLOGIES ................................ 8 3.1 General ............................................................................................................................ 8 3.2 Solar Collectors ................................................................................................................ 8 3.2.1 Main Types of Collectors Used in South Africa ........................................................ 8 3.2.2 Collector Orientation ................................................................................................ 9 3.3 Influence of the Local Climatic Conditions on the SWH System Performance ............. 12 3.3.1 Climatic Zones in South Africa ................................................................................ 12 3.3.2 Evaluation of LPSWHS in respect of Installation Site Location and Climatic /Seasonal variations ......................................................................................................... 14 3.4 High Pressure and Low Pressure Solar Water Heaters ................................................. 14 3.4.1 High Pressure Solar Water Heaters ........................................................................ 14 3.4.2 Low Pressure Solar Water Heaters ......................................................................... 15 4 Low Pressure Solar Water Heating Systems as Retrofit projects or Greenfield Projects17 4.1 Retrofit projects ............................................................................................................ 17 4.2 Greenfield Projects ........................................................................................................ 17 4.3 Low Pressure Solar Water Heating Systems as Retrofit Projects ............................... 17 5 Testing of Low Pressure Solar Water Heating Systems. .................................................... 17 5.1 Tests by South African Bureau of Standards (SABS) .................................................... 18 5.2 Essential Information from SABS Test Reports Used to Determine the Performance of the Low Pressure Solar Water Heating Systems ................................................................ 18 5.2.1 Examples based on extracts from a typical SABS Test Report Performed on LPSWHSs ........................................................................................................................... 19 5.3 Accuracy and Errors of the Tests at SABS ..................................................................... 22 6 Baseline of low pressure solar water heating projects ........................................................ 22 6.1 Typical Site Description ................................................................................................. 22 6.2 Electricity Usage Patterns in Low-cost Housing Environment ....................................... 24 5
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M&V Solar Water Heating Guideline - Eskom

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