M&V Solar Water Heating Guideline - Eskom
M&V Solar Water Heating Guideline - Eskom
M&V Solar Water Heating Guideline - Eskom
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Measurement and Verification Standard <strong>Guideline</strong> for Low Pressure <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Heating</strong> Systems v1r1<br />
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY<br />
This document presents a standard guideline for Measurement and Verification for Low<br />
Pressure <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Heating</strong> Systems, and the application thereof in the context of <strong>Eskom</strong>’s<br />
energy efficiency and demand-side management programme (EEDSM).<br />
The <strong>Guideline</strong> is based on the review of essential topics related to the technology and<br />
associated Measurement and Verification (M&V).<br />
This document overviews the main solar water heating programmes based on the Low<br />
Pressure <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Heating</strong> Systems. The basic features of the solar water heating<br />
technologies are considered in order to allow better understanding of the physical process<br />
and their relation to the performance of the technologies in typical designs for South African<br />
Conditions. The climate conditions in South Africa and the solar energy potential of the<br />
country are reviewed.<br />
Performance tests done by the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS) are reviewed and<br />
their reported results are linked to the M&V work. Examples are shown to illustrate how to<br />
allocate the parameters that are needed for the M&V process.<br />
The document reviews the Retrofit and Green Field projects and recommends that the Low<br />
Pressure <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Heating</strong> Systems Projects will be considered as Retrofit projects since<br />
prior to the retrofit there is a presence of electrical water heating process (although, by not<br />
through dedicated electric water heater) at the project site.<br />
Baseline process is presented and associated metering and other alternative procedures<br />
leading to the baseline development are given in the document. Results from prior research<br />
at the energy related issues at low-cost housing are presented. Examples and data from<br />
energy audits are included based on the experience of the developers in similar projects.<br />
For the determination of the energy savings, Option A is proposed as a suitable M&V<br />
solution. The procedure is developed and the possible options are given with typical<br />
examples.<br />
The document answers the main M&V question related to Low Pressure <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>Water</strong><br />
<strong>Heating</strong> Systems, namely: “What is the thermal output of the systems and how it is related<br />
to the base line determined?” This is done by the development of a performance model<br />
based on SABS test results, geographical location of installation and hot water consumption.<br />
The model outputs are properly used to evaluate, quantify and report the energy savings at<br />
M&V process.<br />
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