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Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije

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IV-Usm-8 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE 97<br />

Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004.<br />

PRAVCI I METODE OPLEMENJIVANJA STOÈNOG GRAŠKA<br />

(Pisum sativum L.) U NAUÈNOM INSTITUTU ZA RATARSTVO I<br />

POVRTARSTVO U NOVOM SADU<br />

V. Mihailoviæ, A. Mikiæ, S. Katiæ, I. Pataki i Ð. Karagiæ<br />

Nauèni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Zavod za krmno bilje, Novi Sad<br />

Primenom masovne, a potom i individualne selekcije iz prirodnih populacija, nastale su<br />

prve jugoslovenske sorte ozimog krmnog graška, NS pionir i NS dunav, od kojih je prva i<br />

dalje najraširenija u domaæoj proizvodnji. Prateæi trendove u oplemenjivanju stoènog<br />

graška u SAD, Kanadi, Zapadnoj Evropi i Sovjetskom Savezu, tokom poslednje dve<br />

decenije prošlog veka zapoèet je rad na nastanku domaæih sorti jarog stoènog graška,<br />

namenjenog kombinovanom iskorišæavanju, kao i za zrno bogato proteinima. Ukrštanjem<br />

postojeæih domaæih i inostranih genotipova sa poeljnim agronomskim svojstima i<br />

odgovarajuæim metodama selekcije, prvenstveno pedigre metodom, metodom F2 potomstva i metodom povratnog ukrštanja, stvorene su najpre sorte stoènog graška za<br />

kombinovano iskorišæavanje, NS-lim i NS-junior, a potom, istim metodama selekcije uz<br />

unošenje gena za skraæenje stabla i afila tip lista, i sorte namenjene iskljuèivo za visoke i<br />

kvalitetne prinose zrna, kao što su moravac, jezero i javor.<br />

Mikroogled sa genotipovima stoènog graška, stvorenim u Nauènom institutu za ratarstvo<br />

i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu, bio je postavljen na oglednom polju Instituta na Rimskim<br />

Šanèevima i trajao je od 2002. do 2004. godine. Prvi deo ogleda je bio namenjen<br />

ispitivanju genetièke varijabilnosti komponenti prinosa zelene krme i ukljuèivao je<br />

ozime sorte NS pionir i NS dunav, jare sorte NS-lim, NS-junior i moravac i jare linije<br />

P-823, P-824 i P-342. Drugi deo ogleda je bio namenjen odreðivanju genetièke<br />

varijabilnosti komponenti prinosa zrna i ukljuèivao je ozime linije L-013, L-015 i L-016,<br />

jare sorte NS-lim, NS-junior, moravac, jezero i javor i jare linije P-823, P-824 i P-342.<br />

DIRECTIONS AND METHODS OF FODDER PEA (Pisum sativum L.)<br />

BREEDING AT THE INSTITUTE OF FIELD AND VEGETABLE CROPS<br />

IN NOVI SAD<br />

By means of massive and individual selection from local landraces, the first Yugoslav<br />

winter forage pea cultivars were created, NS Pionir and NS Dunav, the first still being the<br />

most widely distributed in the domestic production. Following the trends in fodder pea<br />

breeding in the USA, Canada and the Soviet Union, during two last decades of the last<br />

century a work on the creation of domestic spring fodder pea cultivars for combined use,<br />

as well as for protein-rich grain has been commenced. Crossings between domestic and<br />

introduced genotypes with desirable agronomic characteristics and appropriate methods<br />

of selection, mainly pedigree, F2 and backcross method, led to the development of the<br />

combined-use spring pea cultivars, NS-Lim and NS-Junior, and, by the same methods<br />

and intoduction of genes for shortened stems and afila leaf type, to the cultivars solely for<br />

high and quality grain yields, such as Moravac, Jezero and Javor.<br />

A small-plot trial with Novi Sad fodder pea cultivars was carried out from 2002 to 2004<br />

at the Rimski Šanèevi Experiment Field. One part of the trial was established to study the<br />

genetic variability of forage yield components and therefore included winter cultivars NS<br />

Pionir and NS Dunav, spring cultivars NS-Lim, NS-Junior and Moravac and spring lines<br />

P-823, P-824 and P-342. The other part of the trial was aimed at the study of genetic variability<br />

of grain yield components and therefore included winter lines L-013, L-015 and<br />

L-016, spring cultivars NS-Lim, NS-Junior, Moravac, Jezero and Javor and spring lines<br />

P-823, P-824 and P-342.

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