Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije

94 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE IV-Usm-5
Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004.
ANALIZA DOMESTIFIKACIONOG SINDROMA CRNOG BORA
NA PODRUÈJU SCG I BIH
A. Tucoviæ 1 , M. Mataruga 2 i Mirjana Šijaèiæ-Nikoliæ 1
1
Šumarski fakultet, Beograd
2
Šumarski fakultet, Banja Luka
Na osnovu istraivanja prirasta prirodnih, gajenih i oglednih stabala, moe se zakljuèiti
da je crni bor, posebno u našim uslovima, vrsta èiji genetièki potencijal nije dovoljno
upoznat, s tim ni dovoljno iskorišæen. Meðuprovenijenièna i unutarprovenijenièna
promenljivost osobina uzoraka semena, jednogodišnjih i dvogodišnjih sadnica odgajenih
na raznim supstratima u BIH, pokazuje da je unutarprovenijenièna varijabilnost veæa od
meðuprovenijeniène varijabilnosti. Ekonomski znaèajana svojstva, npr. otpornost na
sušu su kompleksnog karaktera i zavise od velikog broja osobina. Krupan doprinos je u
razradi postupaka za izradu modela sadnica otpornih na sušu, uz postupani izbor
znaèajnih parametara stanja vodnog reima.
Izraen morfo-anatomski i fiziološki varijabilitet crnog bora uslovljen je visokim stepenom
heterozigotnosti tj. specifiènom genetièkom strukturom lokalnih populacija i pripada tzv.
ekstremnom balansnom tipu genetièke strukture njegovih populacija. Prema iznetoj
hipotezi lokusi u hromozomima nisu zastupljeni dominantno-recesivnim alalima veæ
brojnih serijama multipnih alela, što je jedna od osnova za bri i uspešniji rad na daljem
oplemenjivanju vrste u funkciji proizvodnje kvalitetnog sadnog materijala i namenskih
kultura ove vrste. Crni bor obezbeðuje znaèajne izvore korisnih informacija koje se odnose
na prirodne i gajene sastojine, kao i onih koje se tièu funkcionisanja genetskih mehanizama,
te ulazi u red vrsta pogodnih za izuèavanje tzv. domestifikacionog sindroma.
ANALYSIS OF DOMESTICATION SYNDROME OF AUSTRIAN PINE IN THE
AREA OF SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO AND BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Based on the increment study of natural, cultivated and test trees, it can be concluded that
Austrian pine, especially in our conditions, is the species whose genetic potential is not
sufficiently elucidated, and also not sufficiently utilised. Inter- and intra-provenance
variability of the characters of seed samples, one-year-old and two-year-old seedlings
cultivated in different substrates in BIH, shows that intra-provenance variability is higher
than inter-provenance variability. Economically significant properties, e.g. resistance to
drought, are complex and depend on a great number of characters. A large contribution is
the working out of the procedures for the development of the seedling model resistant to
drought, with a gradual selection of the significant parameters of water regime conditions.
A high morpho-anatomical and physiological variability of Austrian pine is conditioned
by a high degree of heterozygosity, i.e. specific genetic structure of the local populations,
and it belongs to the so-called extreme balance type of its population genetic structure.
According to the hypothesis, the loci in the chromosomes are not represented by dominant-recessive
alleles, but by numerous series of multiple alleles, which is one of the
bases for the faster and more successful work on further improvement of species in the
function of production of good quality planting material and specific purpose plantations.
Austrian pine ensures significant sources of useful information referring to natural and
cultivated stands and information on the function of genetic mechanisms, so it belongs to
the species favourable for the study of the so-called domestication syndrome.