Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije

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92 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE IV-Usm-3 Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004. INTERSPECIES HIBRIDIZACIJA I CITOGENETSKA ISTRAIVANJA U OPLEMENJIVANJU SUNCOKRETA Jovanka Atlagiæ Nauèni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad Mnoštvo i raznolikost vrsta roda Helianthus prua velike moguænosti oplemenjivaèima suncokreta. S druge strane divergentnost i heterogenost prisutna u rodu Helianthus nosi niz teškoæa, pre svega «cross» inkompatibilnost, abortivnost embriona, sterilnost i smanjenu fertilnost interspecies hibrida. Za detektovanje uzroka ovakvih pojava, pa i njihovo prevazilaenje koriste se citogenetska istraivanja. Odreðivanje broja i strukture hromozoma, analiza mejoze-mikrosporogeneze, vitalnosti polena, omoguæuje utvrðivanje filogenetskih veza izmeðu divljih vrsta i gajenog suncokreta, a time i moguænost njihovog korišæenja u oplemenjivanju. Razvoj citogenetskih istraivanja na suncokretu je tekao od citologije preko citotaksonomije i klasiène citogenetike do citogenetsko-molekularnih istraivanja. Poseban razvoj citogenetskih istraivanja je vezan za primenu interspecies hibridizacije u oplemenjivanju suncokreta. ROLES OF INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION AND CYTOGENETIC STUDIES IN SUNFLOWER BREEDING The abundance and diversity of species within the genus Helianthus offer numerous and rewarding possibilities to sunflower breeders. On the other side, the divergence and heterogeneity of the genus cause considerable difficulties, such as cross-incompatibility, embryo abortiveness, sterility and reduced fertility in interspecific hybrids. Cytogenetic studies are employed to detect and overcome such undesirable phenomena. Determinations of chromosome number and structure and analyses of meiosis - microsporogenesis and pollen viability make it possible to establish phylogenetic relations between wild sunflower species and the cultivated sunflower, enabling the use of the former in sunflower breeding. Cytogenetic studies of the sunflower have evolved from cytology, through cytotaxonomy and classic cytogenetic to cytogenetic-molecular studies. Most intensive progress of cytogenetic studies has been associated with the use of interspecific hybridization in sunflower breeding.
IV-Usm-4 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE 93 Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004. STRUKTURA PRINOSA PASULJA PRIKAZANA METODAMA MULTIVARIJACIONE ANALIZE Mirjana Vasiæ 1 , Jelica Gvozdanoviæ-Varga 1 i Marija Kraljeviæ-Balaliæ 2 1 Nauèni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad 2 Poljoprivredni fakultet, Novi Sad Pasulj se gaji zbog korišæenja zrna, te tako masa zrna po biljci i broj biljaka po jedinici površine èine prinos. Masa zrna po biljci, kao glavni i krajnji cilj selekcije, u centru je panje oplemenjivaèa. Direktna selekcija na prinos je neprecizna, pa se moraju razmotriti neki vaniji elementi strukture prinosa kao i njihove meðuzavisnosti. Znaèaj pojedinih komponenti se menja u zavisnosti od ekoloških èinilaca. U selekciji za odreðene uslove uspevanja velika je vanost poznavanja i upotrebe lokalnih populacija jer su kod njih odnosi komponenata prinosa izbalansirani i usklaðeni sa dejstvom konkretnih klimatskih i edafskih fatora. U radu je analizirana genetièka divergentnost genotipova pasulja iz kolekcije pasulja Nauènog instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo iz Novog Sada i Banke biljnih gena Jugoslavije. Analizirane su direktne komponente prinosa (broj zrna i mahuna po biljci, broj zrna po mahuni, masa 1000 zrna ili apsolutna masa zrna i masa zrna po biljci). Korišæeno je nekoliko metoda multivarijacione analize. Analiza glavnih komponenata (PCA) prikazuje koja komponenta prinosa na koji naèin vrši podelu genotipova u okviru kolekcije. PCA je bazirana na Pirsonovoj korelacionoj matrici (prikazanoj u radu) i Euklidijanskim rastojanjima. U radu je prikazana povezanost ispitivanih osobina sa glavnim komponentama i uèešæe pojedinaènih glavnih komponenata u ukupnoj varijabilnosti skupa, nerotiranih i rotiranih vrednosti. Za rotaciju glavnih komponenata korišæen je Varimax metod. Konstruisan je biplot grafikon preko izraèunavanja vektorskih (za sve ispitivane osobine) i objekatskih (za sve ispitivane genotipove) koordinata u faktorskoj analizi. Ovakav naèin prikazivanja podataka omoguæava uspešno sagledavanje meðusobnih odnosa izmeðu pojedinaènih genotipova i njih sa komponentama prinosa STRUCTURE OF BEAN YIELD AS SHOWN BY MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS Bean is grown for grain, so grain mass per plant and plant number per unit area constitute the yield of this crop. Grain mass per plant is the focus of bean breeders’ attention and the main and ultimate goal of bean selection. As direct breeding for yield is not precise enough, some major elements of yield structure and their interdependence need to be considered. The importance of individual components varies according to environmental factors. When breeding for a particular set of growing conditions, it is highly important to know and use the local populations, since in them the relationships among yield components are balanced and in harmony with the effects of the specific climatic and edaphic factors. We studied the divergence of the bean collection of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. Genotypes were analyzed for direct yield components. The study included several methods of multivariate analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed which of the traits were decisive in genotype differentiation. The principal components analysis was based on Pearson’s correlation matrix and Euclidean distances. The Warimax method was used for the rotation of principal components. The percentage contribution of particular main components to total variability was shown, as was the accumulation of variability. The variability of the collection was interpreted based on the two principal components. Vector coordinates for all traits and object coordinates for all genotypes were shown by row biplot graphs. This enables us to overview interactions of individual genotypes with traits in factor analyses.
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DRUŠTVO GENETIČARA SRBIJE SERBIAN
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Uvodno predavanje Opening lecture
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I tematska oblast / I topic: Geneti
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ZAVRŠNO PREDAVANJE CLOSING LECTURE
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A Aksentijeviæ I. 194 Aleksiæ J.
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Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije

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