Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije
Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije
Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije
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92 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE IV-Usm-3<br />
Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004.<br />
INTERSPECIES HIBRIDIZACIJA I CITOGENETSKA<br />
ISTRAIVANJA U OPLEMENJIVANJU SUNCOKRETA<br />
Jovanka Atlagiæ<br />
Nauèni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad<br />
Mnoštvo i raznolikost vrsta roda Helianthus prua velike moguænosti oplemenjivaèima<br />
suncokreta. S druge strane divergentnost i heterogenost prisutna u rodu Helianthus nosi<br />
niz teškoæa, pre svega «cross» inkompatibilnost, abortivnost embriona, sterilnost i<br />
smanjenu fertilnost interspecies hibrida. Za detektovanje uzroka ovakvih pojava, pa i<br />
njihovo prevazilaenje koriste se citogenetska istraivanja. Odreðivanje broja i strukture<br />
hromozoma, analiza mejoze-mikrosporogeneze, vitalnosti polena, omoguæuje utvrðivanje<br />
filogenetskih veza izmeðu divljih vrsta i gajenog suncokreta, a time i moguænost<br />
njihovog korišæenja u oplemenjivanju. Razvoj citogenetskih istraivanja na suncokretu je<br />
tekao od citologije preko citotaksonomije i klasiène citogenetike do citogenetsko-molekularnih<br />
istraivanja. Poseban razvoj citogenetskih istraivanja je vezan za primenu<br />
interspecies hibridizacije u oplemenjivanju suncokreta.<br />
ROLES OF INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION AND<br />
CYTOGENETIC STUDIES IN SUNFLOWER BREEDING<br />
The abundance and diversity of species within the genus Helianthus offer numerous and<br />
rewarding possibilities to sunflower breeders. On the other side, the divergence and heterogeneity<br />
of the genus cause considerable difficulties, such as cross-incompatibility,<br />
embryo abortiveness, sterility and reduced fertility in interspecific hybrids. Cytogenetic<br />
studies are employed to detect and overcome such undesirable phenomena. Determinations<br />
of chromosome number and structure and analyses of meiosis - microsporogenesis<br />
and pollen viability make it possible to establish phylogenetic relations between wild<br />
sunflower species and the cultivated sunflower, enabling the use of the former in sunflower<br />
breeding. Cytogenetic studies of the sunflower have evolved from cytology,<br />
through cytotaxonomy and classic cytogenetic to cytogenetic-molecular studies. Most intensive<br />
progress of cytogenetic studies has been associated with the use of interspecific<br />
hybridization in sunflower breeding.