Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije

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80 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE III-Pos-9 Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004. TESTIRANJE TOLERANTNOSTI PŠENICE PREMA BORU PRIMENOM KULTURE ZIGOTNOG EMBRIONA Milica Marjanoviæ, Ankica Kondiæ-Špika, B. Kobiljski i Marija Kraljeviæ-Balaliæ Nauèni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad Problem toksiènosti bora se javlja na prirodno zaslanjenim zemljištima, na zemljištima dobijenim povlaèenjem mora ili isparavanjem morske vode. Bor je verovatno i najtoksièniji elemenat koji je naðen u slatinama. Amelioracija zemljišta sa visokim koncentracijama bora je veoma sloen proces, ali kao jedno od moguæih rešenja jeste stvaranje biljaka tolerantnih na povišene koncentracije ovog elementa. Stoga je i cilj ovog rada bio utvrðivanje razlika u tolerantnosti sorti pšenice prema ovom elementu. Analiziranje èetrnaest domaæih vodeæih sorti pšenice vršeno je in vitro metodom kulture zigotnog embriona. Embrioni su gajeni na modifikovanoj MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) hranljivoj podlozi, kojoj je borna kiselina dodata u dve razlièite koncentracije (15 mM i 30 mM). Dobijeni rezultati su poreðeni sa rezultatima kontrolne grupe, koja je gajena na podlozi bez borne kiseline u suvišku. Nakon dva meseca porasta merena je svea masa kalusa. Utvrðene su znaèajne razlike izmeðu ispitivanih sorti u pogledu tolerantnosti na povišene koncentracije bora. Pri koncentraciji od 15 mM bora najtolerantinije su bile sorte Sonata, Simfonija i Rapsodija, kod kojih nije utvrðena znaèajna razlika u pogledu svee mase kalusa u odnosu na kontrolu. Sorta Balada je pokazala najviši nivo tolerantnosti pri koncentraciji od 30 mM, jer je imala najveæi porast svee mase kalusa na ovoj podlozi. Najosetljiviji genotipovi su bili Ljiljana, Vila i Kantata, jer su pokazali nagli pad u porastu kalusa veæ na 15 mM (67.3-79.1% u odnosu na kontrolu), koji je nastavljen i na 30 mM (78.2- 82.3% u odnosu na kontrolu). Kod ostalih ispitivanih sorti uoèeno je postepeno smanjivanje svee mase kalusa sa porastom koncentracije borne kiseline u hranljivoj podlozi. TESTING OF WHEAT TOLERANCE TO BORON USING ZYGOTIC EMBRYO CULTURE Problem of boron toxicity is occuring on saline soils, on soils derived by retirement of the sea or from marine evaporation. Boron is probably the most toxic element present in saline soils. Amelioration of high boron soils is extremely difficult process but breeding of plants that are tolerant to high external B concentrations is possible. The objective of this paper was to determine differences in tolerance to high boron concentrations among wheat cultivars. The in vitro method of mature embryo culture was used for analysing 14 leading domestic wheat cultivars. Isolated embryos were grown on a modified MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) nutrient medium, to which boron acid was added in two different concentrations (15 mM and 30 mM). The results were compared with the results of control group of calluses, which were grown on a boron-free MS medium. After two months of growing callus fresh weight was determined. Considerable variations in response to high boron concentrations have been identified among the cultivars. At the concentration of 15 mM of boron the most tolerant cultivars were Sonata, Simfonija and Rapsodija, which had no significant differences in callus fresh weight in relation to the control. Cultivar Balada was the most tolerant one at the concentration of 30 mM of boron, because it had the highest callus growth on this medium. The most sensitive genotypes were Ljiljana, Vila and Kantata because they had sudden reduction (67,3-79,1% in relation to the control) of callus fresh weight on medium with 15 mM of boron, as well as on 30 mM of boron (78,2-82,3% in relation to the control). The rest of the cultivars had gradual reduction in callus growth in response to the increase of boron concentrations in nutrient media.
III-Pos-10 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE 81 Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004. IN VITRO OCENA TOLERANTNOSTI PŠENICE NA SUŠU Vladislava Galoviæ, Zorana Kotaranin i S. Denèiæ Nauèni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad U radu je analiziran in vitro efekat stresa suše na 17 razlièitih genotipova pšenice, razlièitog geografskog porekla. Kalusno tkivo je indukovano iz nezrelih zigotnih embriona (10-15 dana posle polinacije) na modifikovanoj MS (MURASHIGE and SKOOG, 1962) hranljivoj podlozi. Nakon dve nedelje kalusno tkivo je presaðeno na istu hranljivu podlogu obogaæenu 5% visokomolekularnim polyethylene glycol-om (PEG 6000) koji je upotrebljen kao agens stresa za postizanje hemijskog efekta suše. Kontrolna grupa kalusa gajena je na istoj hranljivoj podlozi bez PEG-a. Nakon èetiri nedelje gajenja na ovim podlogama ocenjena je sposobnost preivljavanja kalusne mase kod posmatranih genotipova do presaðivanja kao i procenat smanjenja svee kalusne mase nakon presaðivanja na hranljivu podlogu sa 5% PEG-om. Utvrðeno je postojanje statistièki znaèajne razlike izmeðu genotipova u odgovoru na indukovani stres. Minimalno snienje vrednosti svee mase kalusa u odnosu na kontrolu ocenjeno je kod genotipa Rozofskaja (14,4%) a maksimalno kod genotipa Miranovska (58,4%) ukazujuæi na nivo tolerantnosti posmatranih genotipova na stres suše. Rezultati su pokazali da se novosadski genotipovi, izmeðu ostalih, odlikuju srednjom tolerantnošæu na vodni deficit indukovan u in vitro uslovima. Genotipovi Slavija, Košuta i Rapsodija su nešto tolerantniji na stres suše od genotipova Venera, NS55/25 i Odisej. IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF WHEAT TOLERANCE TO DROUGHT In vitro effect of drought stress was analyzed in 17 wheat genotypes of different geographic origins. Callus tissue was induced from immature zygous embryos (10-15 days after pollination) on a modified MS (MURASHIGE and SKOOG, 1962) nutritive medium. After two weeks, the callus tissue was transplanted to the same medium previously enriched with 5% high-molecular polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) which served for induction of drought stress. The control group of calli was grown in the medium without PEG. After four weeks of cultivation, the genotypes were assessed for survival ability of callus mass before transplanting and the percentage of reduction of fresh callus mass after transplanting to the medium with 5% PEG. Statistically significant differences were registered among the genotypes in the response to the induced stress. The lowest reduction of fresh callus mass in relation to the control was observed in the genotype Rozofskaja (14.4%), the highest in the genotype Miranovska (58.4%), indicating differences in drought tolerance among the genotypes. The analyzed NS genotypes had medium tolerance to the water deficit induced under in vitro conditions. The genotypes Slavija, Košuta and Rapsodija were slightly more tolerant to drought stress than the genotypes Venera, NS55/25 and Odisej
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DRUŠTVO GENETIČARA SRBIJE SERBIAN
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III KONGRES GENETIÈARA SRBIJE Subo
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Uvodno predavanje Opening lecture
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I tematska oblast / I topic: Geneti
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ZAVRŠNO PREDAVANJE CLOSING LECTURE
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A Aksentijeviæ I. 194 Aleksiæ J.
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Kovaèev L. 73, 90, 125, 140, 147 K
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Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije

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