Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije
Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije
Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije
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80 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE III-Pos-9<br />
Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004.<br />
TESTIRANJE TOLERANTNOSTI PŠENICE PREMA BORU<br />
PRIMENOM KULTURE ZIGOTNOG EMBRIONA<br />
Milica Marjanoviæ, Ankica Kondiæ-Špika, B. Kobiljski i Marija Kraljeviæ-Balaliæ<br />
Nauèni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad<br />
Problem toksiènosti bora se javlja na prirodno zaslanjenim zemljištima, na zemljištima<br />
dobijenim povlaèenjem mora ili isparavanjem morske vode. Bor je verovatno i<br />
najtoksièniji elemenat koji je naðen u slatinama. Amelioracija zemljišta sa visokim<br />
koncentracijama bora je veoma sloen proces, ali kao jedno od moguæih rešenja jeste<br />
stvaranje biljaka tolerantnih na povišene koncentracije ovog elementa. Stoga je i cilj<br />
ovog rada bio utvrðivanje razlika u tolerantnosti sorti pšenice prema ovom elementu.<br />
Analiziranje èetrnaest domaæih vodeæih sorti pšenice vršeno je in vitro metodom kulture<br />
zigotnog embriona. Embrioni su gajeni na modifikovanoj MS (Murashige and Skoog,<br />
1962) hranljivoj podlozi, kojoj je borna kiselina dodata u dve razlièite koncentracije (15<br />
mM i 30 mM). Dobijeni rezultati su poreðeni sa rezultatima kontrolne grupe, koja je<br />
gajena na podlozi bez borne kiseline u suvišku. Nakon dva meseca porasta merena je<br />
svea masa kalusa. Utvrðene su znaèajne razlike izmeðu ispitivanih sorti u pogledu<br />
tolerantnosti na povišene koncentracije bora. Pri koncentraciji od 15 mM bora<br />
najtolerantinije su bile sorte Sonata, Simfonija i Rapsodija, kod kojih nije utvrðena<br />
znaèajna razlika u pogledu svee mase kalusa u odnosu na kontrolu. Sorta Balada je<br />
pokazala najviši nivo tolerantnosti pri koncentraciji od 30 mM, jer je imala najveæi porast<br />
svee mase kalusa na ovoj podlozi. Najosetljiviji genotipovi su bili Ljiljana, Vila i<br />
Kantata, jer su pokazali nagli pad u porastu kalusa veæ na 15 mM (67.3-79.1% u odnosu<br />
na kontrolu), koji je nastavljen i na 30 mM (78.2- 82.3% u odnosu na kontrolu). Kod<br />
ostalih ispitivanih sorti uoèeno je postepeno smanjivanje svee mase kalusa sa porastom<br />
koncentracije borne kiseline u hranljivoj podlozi.<br />
TESTING OF WHEAT TOLERANCE TO BORON<br />
USING ZYGOTIC EMBRYO CULTURE<br />
Problem of boron toxicity is occuring on saline soils, on soils derived by retirement of the<br />
sea or from marine evaporation. Boron is probably the most toxic element present in saline<br />
soils. Amelioration of high boron soils is extremely difficult process but breeding of<br />
plants that are tolerant to high external B concentrations is possible. The objective of this<br />
paper was to determine differences in tolerance to high boron concentrations among<br />
wheat cultivars. The in vitro method of mature embryo culture was used for analysing 14<br />
leading domestic wheat cultivars. Isolated embryos were grown on a modified MS<br />
(Murashige and Skoog, 1962) nutrient medium, to which boron acid was added in two<br />
different concentrations (15 mM and 30 mM). The results were compared with the results<br />
of control group of calluses, which were grown on a boron-free MS medium. After two<br />
months of growing callus fresh weight was determined. Considerable variations in response<br />
to high boron concentrations have been identified among the cultivars. At the<br />
concentration of 15 mM of boron the most tolerant cultivars were Sonata, Simfonija and<br />
Rapsodija, which had no significant differences in callus fresh weight in relation to the<br />
control. Cultivar Balada was the most tolerant one at the concentration of 30 mM of boron,<br />
because it had the highest callus growth on this medium. The most sensitive genotypes<br />
were Ljiljana, Vila and Kantata because they had sudden reduction (67,3-79,1% in<br />
relation to the control) of callus fresh weight on medium with 15 mM of boron, as well as<br />
on 30 mM of boron (78,2-82,3% in relation to the control). The rest of the cultivars had<br />
gradual reduction in callus growth in response to the increase of boron concentrations in<br />
nutrient media.