Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije

80 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE III-Pos-9
Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004.
TESTIRANJE TOLERANTNOSTI PŠENICE PREMA BORU
PRIMENOM KULTURE ZIGOTNOG EMBRIONA
Milica Marjanoviæ, Ankica Kondiæ-Špika, B. Kobiljski i Marija Kraljeviæ-Balaliæ
Nauèni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad
Problem toksiènosti bora se javlja na prirodno zaslanjenim zemljištima, na zemljištima
dobijenim povlaèenjem mora ili isparavanjem morske vode. Bor je verovatno i
najtoksièniji elemenat koji je naðen u slatinama. Amelioracija zemljišta sa visokim
koncentracijama bora je veoma sloen proces, ali kao jedno od moguæih rešenja jeste
stvaranje biljaka tolerantnih na povišene koncentracije ovog elementa. Stoga je i cilj
ovog rada bio utvrðivanje razlika u tolerantnosti sorti pšenice prema ovom elementu.
Analiziranje èetrnaest domaæih vodeæih sorti pšenice vršeno je in vitro metodom kulture
zigotnog embriona. Embrioni su gajeni na modifikovanoj MS (Murashige and Skoog,
1962) hranljivoj podlozi, kojoj je borna kiselina dodata u dve razlièite koncentracije (15
mM i 30 mM). Dobijeni rezultati su poreðeni sa rezultatima kontrolne grupe, koja je
gajena na podlozi bez borne kiseline u suvišku. Nakon dva meseca porasta merena je
svea masa kalusa. Utvrðene su znaèajne razlike izmeðu ispitivanih sorti u pogledu
tolerantnosti na povišene koncentracije bora. Pri koncentraciji od 15 mM bora
najtolerantinije su bile sorte Sonata, Simfonija i Rapsodija, kod kojih nije utvrðena
znaèajna razlika u pogledu svee mase kalusa u odnosu na kontrolu. Sorta Balada je
pokazala najviši nivo tolerantnosti pri koncentraciji od 30 mM, jer je imala najveæi porast
svee mase kalusa na ovoj podlozi. Najosetljiviji genotipovi su bili Ljiljana, Vila i
Kantata, jer su pokazali nagli pad u porastu kalusa veæ na 15 mM (67.3-79.1% u odnosu
na kontrolu), koji je nastavljen i na 30 mM (78.2- 82.3% u odnosu na kontrolu). Kod
ostalih ispitivanih sorti uoèeno je postepeno smanjivanje svee mase kalusa sa porastom
koncentracije borne kiseline u hranljivoj podlozi.
TESTING OF WHEAT TOLERANCE TO BORON
USING ZYGOTIC EMBRYO CULTURE
Problem of boron toxicity is occuring on saline soils, on soils derived by retirement of the
sea or from marine evaporation. Boron is probably the most toxic element present in saline
soils. Amelioration of high boron soils is extremely difficult process but breeding of
plants that are tolerant to high external B concentrations is possible. The objective of this
paper was to determine differences in tolerance to high boron concentrations among
wheat cultivars. The in vitro method of mature embryo culture was used for analysing 14
leading domestic wheat cultivars. Isolated embryos were grown on a modified MS
(Murashige and Skoog, 1962) nutrient medium, to which boron acid was added in two
different concentrations (15 mM and 30 mM). The results were compared with the results
of control group of calluses, which were grown on a boron-free MS medium. After two
months of growing callus fresh weight was determined. Considerable variations in response
to high boron concentrations have been identified among the cultivars. At the
concentration of 15 mM of boron the most tolerant cultivars were Sonata, Simfonija and
Rapsodija, which had no significant differences in callus fresh weight in relation to the
control. Cultivar Balada was the most tolerant one at the concentration of 30 mM of boron,
because it had the highest callus growth on this medium. The most sensitive genotypes
were Ljiljana, Vila and Kantata because they had sudden reduction (67,3-79,1% in
relation to the control) of callus fresh weight on medium with 15 mM of boron, as well as
on 30 mM of boron (78,2-82,3% in relation to the control). The rest of the cultivars had
gradual reduction in callus growth in response to the increase of boron concentrations in
nutrient media.