Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije

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8 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE I-Uvo-1 Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004. ZAŠTITA AGROBIODIVERZITETA JUGOISTOÈNE EVROPE – PROJEKAT SEEDNET V. Pekiæ i D. Jelovac Institut za kukuruz «Zemun Polje», Zemun Odrivo oèuvanje i korišæenje biljnih genetièkih resursa (BGR) je kako je navedeno u Konvenciji o biološkom diverzitetu (KBD), nacionalna obaveza. Primena zahteva iz KBD i ispunjavanje obaveza iz FAO globalnog akcionog plana i Meðunarodnog sporazuma o BGR za ishranu i poljoprivredu (MSBGRIP), je glavni zadatak zemalja i ostalih zainteresovanih za oèuvanje BGR iz celog sveta. Nacionalni programi o genetièkim resursima èine platformu za saradnju u razmeni materijala, znanja i iskustva meðu zainteresovanim stranama, kao i za izgradnju kapaciteta na nacionalnom nivou. Nacionalni programi, takoðe, èine osnovu regionalnih i meðuregionalnih povezivanja u zajednièkim naporima za obezbeðivanje dugoroènog oèuvanja BGR. Regionalne i internacionalne mree imaju zadatak da obezbede razmenu i transfer tehnologije, materijala i informacija. Strategije èuvanja i korišæenja BGR na lokalnim, nacionalnim, regionalnim i meðunarodnim nivoima su najcelishodnije u postizanju maksimalnih efekata, kada su komplementarne i meðusobno integrisane zajednièkim planiranjem i primenom. Ciljevi projekta su: doprinos uspostavljanju i jaèanju nacionalnih programa u BGR u cilju oèuvanja zaštite BGR regiona; promocija odrivog korišæenja BGR; jaèanje saradnje, povezivanja i veza izmeðu zainteresovanih uèesnika na nacionalnom i regionalnom nivou kroz objedinjavanje resursa i korišæenja uporednih prednosti prisutnih kod razlièitih institucija i zemalja. SOUTH-EUROPEAN AGROBIODIVERSITY PROTECTION – SEEDNET PROJECT Sustainable conservation and utilisation of plant genetic resources (PGR) is as stated in the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) a national undertaking. To implement the provisions of the CBD and to fulfil the commitments of the FAO Global Plan of Action (GPA) and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) is a major challenge for the countries and stakeholders of PGR all around the world. National genetic resources programmes constitute the platform for co-operation and exchange of material, knowledge and experience among the stakeholders as well as capacity building at the national level. National programmes also constitute the backbone of regional and international networking in mutual efforts to ensure the long-term conservation of PGR. The regional and international networks are the facilitators of exchange and transfer of technology and exchange of material and information. Conservation and utilisation strategies at the community, national, regional and international levels are most effective when they are complementary, and integrated with each other during planning and implementation in order to achieve maximum effect. The aims of the project are: to contribute to the establishment and strengthening of national programmes on PGR in order to secure the conservation of PGR in the region; to promote a sustainable utilisation of PGR; and to strengthen collaboration, networking and linkages among various stakeholders at both national and regional levels through pooling of resources and use of comparative advantages available in the various institutions and countries.
I-Uvo-2 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE 9 Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004. BIODIVERZITET DOMESTICIRANIH IVOTINJA S. Jovanoviæ, Ruica Trailoviæ i Mila Saviæ Katedra za stoèarstvo i genetiku, Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Beograd Uprkos velike raznovrsnosti ivotinjskog sveta samo èetrdesetak vrsta je domesticirano i gaji se u cilju zadovoljenja potreba razlièitih potreba èoveka. Domesticirani animalni biodiverzitet predstavlja spektar genetièke raznovrsnosti, koji ukljuèuje preko 6000 razlièitih rasa od kojih svaka ima posebne karakteristike i namenu. Zbog intenzifikacije stoèarske proizvodnje tokom poslednjih vekova su selekcionirane specijalizovane, visokoproduktivne rase, koje potiskuju manje selekcionirane autohtone rase, tako da je samo u poslednjih 50 godina preko 65% rasa u svetu postalo ugroeno, a mnoge su išèezle. Autohtone rase domaæih ivotinja, nastale u toku dugotrajnog procesa evolucije, dobro prilagoðene datim uslovima gajenja, mogu u buduænosti predstavljati vaan izvor varijabilnosti za poboljšanje otpornosti visokoproduktivnih rasa. Zbog toga je u okviru prouèavanja i zaštite globalnog biodiverziteta, koje koordinira FAO i UNEP, ukljuèeno i prouèavanje i zaštita animalnih genetskih resursa gajenih vrsta ivotinja, koji mogu biti znaèajni u obnavljanju domesticiranog genofonda. Kljuèni element strategije oèuvanja animalnih resursa predstavlja genetièka karakterizacija rasa u cilju dobijanja kompletne slike genetièke varijabilnosti unutar svake vrste domaæih ivotinja. Opšte prihvaæeno mišljenje je da se merenjem genetske distance obezbeðuju trenutno najbolje informacije, koje omoguæavaju rangiranje rasa u okviru vrste. Zahvaljujuæi brzom razvoju tehnike za mapiranje i izolaciju gena, upotreba animalnih genetskih resursa u buduænosti æe biti zasnovana na identifikaciji gena koji su u vezi sa specifiènim fenotipskim karakteristikama. DOMESTIC ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY Although, the degree of diversity of animal species is extensive, only around 40 species had been domesticated and used to fullfill different human needs. Domesticated animal biodiversity represents a broad spectrum of genetic differences distributed among over 6000 breeds of domesticated mamals and birds, each representing a unique set of genes. The intensification of animal production during the last centuries gave force to the selective breeding which resulted in the development of specialised, highly-producing breeds. The interest to breed less productive autochthonous breeds compared to high-producing ones is lost and the trend of erosion of genetic diversity is global. Only in last 50 years arround 65% of catalogized breeds became endangered or vulnerable, and some are already extinct. Autochthonous breeds of domestic animals have resulted during long evolution directed by human demands and adaptation to the local environment, environmental changes and chalenges. Therefore they can serve as the source of variables for improvement of resistance in highly-selected breeds in unpredictable selective chalenges in future. This was the reason that introduced the evaluation and protection of the domesticated gene pool into the programme of the protection of the global biodiversitz coordinated by UNEP and FAO. The genetic characterization of the separate breeds in aim to fullfill tha data of genetic variability within each domesticated species is the key element of the conservation strategy. The wide accepted oppinion is that most comparable data can be obtained by evaluation of the genetic distance among breeds. Due to the development of the techniques for genetic mapping and isolation of the genes, one of the uses of domestic animal resources in the future would be based upon identification of the genes which are linked to favourable phenotypic character.
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ZAVRŠNO PREDAVANJE CLOSING LECTURE
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Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije

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