Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije
Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije
Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije
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64 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE III-Uvo-1<br />
Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004.<br />
GENETIÈKO INENJERSTVO - OSNOVA MOLEKULARNE<br />
BIOTEHNOLOGIJE<br />
Lj. Topisiroviæ<br />
Institut za molekularnu genetiku i genetièko inenjerstvo, Beograd<br />
Istraivanja u proteklih dvadeset godina nedvojbeno su pokazala da je genetièko inenjerstvo<br />
otvorilo perspektivu razvoja molekularne biotehnologije. Genetièko inenjerstvo<br />
omoguæava (a) izuèavanje strukture i funkcije gena bilo kog organizma, (b).<br />
izazivanje mutacija na specifiènom mestu u genu (dirigovana mutageza) koja za<br />
posledicu moe imati poveæanje sinteze produkta za koga taj gen nosi informaciju, (c)<br />
prevazilaenje uskih grla u biosintetskim putevima razlièitih metabolita od koristi, kao i<br />
(d) dobijanje proizvoda koje je na drugi naèin teško, skupo ili nemoguæe dobiti. Svakako<br />
da je najveæi doprinos genetièkog inenjerstva molekularnoj biotehnologiji upravo u<br />
ovom domenu. Naime, genetièko inenjerstvo omoguæava manipulaciju genima i<br />
prebacivanjem tih gena iz jedne biološke vrste u drugu, što se u prirodi ne moe spontano<br />
dešavati. S druge strane, moguæe je konstruisati himerne gene in vitro) i tako konstruisane<br />
gene ubaciti u ivi organizam.<br />
Sve svetske prognoze oko osnova tehnologije 21. veka se slau u tome da æe upravo<br />
molekularna biotehnologija biti pokretaèka snaga razvoja savremene civilizacije.<br />
Uvoðenjem genetièkog inenjerstva u cilju unapreðivanja biotehnoloških procesa, dobio<br />
se jedan sasvim novi kvalitet. Sada je moguæe od mikroorganizama, biljnih ili<br />
ivotinjskih æelija napraviti «biološke fabrike» koje æe proizvoditi veliku kolièinu<br />
ekonomski vrednih jedinjenja, odnosno moguæe je konstruisati transgene organizme koji<br />
mogu biti osnova za proširenje palete biotehnoloških proizvoda.<br />
GENETIC ENGINEERING – THE BASIS OF MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY<br />
Results obtained by using genetic engineering in the research of living systems in the past<br />
twenty years indisputably showed that genetic engineering opened real perspective for the<br />
development of molecular biotechnology. The application of genetic engineering in the research<br />
allowed (a) investigation of structure and function of genes of any organism, (b) direct<br />
introduction of mutations into the gene of interest, (c) overcoming the bottle-necks in<br />
biosynthetic pathways as well as (d) production of products that are very hard or at all impossible<br />
to get in traditional processes. By all means, the greatest contribution of genetic<br />
engineering in molecular biotechnology lies in this domain. This is because, genetic engineering<br />
enable the gene manipulation and transfer of gene(s) from one into another species,<br />
what is impossible to happen in nature. On the other hand, it is possible to construct chimerical<br />
genes in vitro and introduce such genes into chosen host organism.<br />
According to general prognosis, the molecular biotechnology will be a basis for 21st century<br />
technologies and that it would be a moving force for development of modern civilisation.<br />
Introduction of genetic engineering for an improvement of biotechnology processes<br />
opens qualitatively new approaches. Molecular biotechnology facilitate the using of microorganisms,<br />
plant and animal cells as «biological factories» that are able to produce higher<br />
quantities of high value-added compounds, that is, it would be possible to construct transgenic<br />
organisms that could be a basis for broadening of biotechnology products.