Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije

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30 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE I-Pos-9 Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004. POMOLOŠKE OSOBINE SUPERIORNIH SELEKCIJA ŠUMSKE (C. avelana L.) I MEÈJE LESKE (C. colurna L.) R. Miletiæ, M. ikiæ, Nevena Mitiæ i Radomirka Nikoliæ Institut SRBIJA, Centar za poljoprivredna i tehnološka istraivanja, Zajeèar Izuèavajuæi šumsku i meèju lesku u višegodišnjem periodu od 1998 do 2003. godine, na podruèju istoène <strong>Srbije</strong> izdvojene su po osam selekcija koji se po mnogim osobinama posebno istièu. Analizirana je krupnoæa, oblik i masa ploda i jezgre kao i hemijski sastav jezgre. Izuèena je i potencijalna rodnost, odnosno proseèna zastupljenost plodova u cvasti leske. Proseèna krupnoæa plodova odabranih selekcija šumske leske je 18,0x14,7x12,6 i meèje leske 16,3x14,0x11,0 mm, a jezgre 13,3x9,1x7,6 odnosno 13,0x9,7x6,5 mm. Masa plodova šumske leske je 1,01-1,80 g i meèje leske 1,00-1,75 g, jezgre 0,30-0,79 i 0,31-0,65 g. Sadraj jezgre je od 27,9 do 46,2% i od 30,7 do 40,8%. Pojava šturih plodova je minimalna i to u šumske leske u šest selekcija (0,8-3,1%), a u meèje leske u pet (1,4-5,7%). Štetoèina Balaninus nucum registrovana je samo u tri selekcije meèje leske u granicama od 1,0 do 1,6%. Sadraj ulja u jezgri odabranih selekcija šumske leske je 44,6-49,9%, a u meèje leske 48,6-54,4%, sirovih proteina je 12,3-10,8 i 11,7-10,4%, a sadraj mineralnih materija 2,8-2,4 i 2,6-2,0%. U odabranim selekcijama šumske leske u cvastima se nalazi od 4 do 6 ploda zajedno. Dominiraju dva (29,4%), jedan (26,7%) i tri (24,5%) plodova zajedno. Cvasti meèje leske su sa 8 do 13 plodova. Najviše je cvasti sa pet ploda (26,6%), èetiri (21,5%) i šest (20,3%) ploda zajedno. Prema veæini pokazatelja posebno se istuèu selekcije šumske leske 1, 6i3imeèje leske 2,7i8. POMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUPERIOR SELECTIONS OF THE FOREST HAZEL-NUT TREE (C. avelana L.) AND THE HAZEL-NUT TREE (C. colurna L.) Having been examined both before mentioned hazel-nut trees cv. In the period of time from 1998 to 2003 on the teritory of Eastern Serbia, there were selected eight selections, separately,that are especially distinguished by many of their characteristics.There were analyzed the coarseness, form and mass of fruit and kernel,as well as the chemical content of the kernel. The potential fruitfullness, that is the proportion of fruits in the hazel-nut inflorescence, was also being investigated. The average fruit coarseness of the chosen hazel-nut selections of the C. avelana L. is 18.0x 14.7x12.6 mm, and of the C. colurna L. it is 16.3x14.0x 11.0 mm, while of the kernel it is 13.3x9.1x 7.6 mm, that is 13.9x 9.7x 6.5 mm.The fruit mass of the former´s is 1.01-1.80 g and of the latter´s 1.00-1.75 g, while the kernel mass ranges from 0.30 g to 0.79 g and from 0.31 to 0.65 g.The kernel content is from 27.9 to 46.2%, and from 30.7 to 40.8 %.The occurance of the shriveled fruits is minimum, appearing in 6 selections of the former´s (0.8-3.1%) , while in 5 selections (1.4-5.7 %) of the latter´s. The pest Balaninus nucum is registered in only three selections of the C. colurna L.,ranging from 1.0 to 1.6 %. The oil content of the selected hazel-nut trees of the C .avelana L. is 44.6-49.9 %, while in the C. colurna L. it is 48.6-54.4 %; the raw proteins amount is 12.3-10.8 % and 11.7-10.4 %, and the minerals matters content is 2.8-2.4 % and 2.6-2.0 %.In the chosen selections of the forest hazel-nut trees, there are 4 to 6 fruits together in a inflorescence. Two (29.4 %),one (26.7 %) and three (24.5 %) fruits together dominate. The inflorescences of the C. colurna L. are with 8 to 13 fruits. There are most inflorescences with 5 fruits (26.6 %), four (21.5 %) and six (20.3 %) fruits together. According to the majority of indicators, the following selections of the C. avelana L. : 1.6 and 3, and 2.7 and 8 of the C. colurna L. are especially distiguishing ones.
I-Pos-10 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE 31 Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004. POMOLOŠKO-TEHNOLOŠKE OSOBINE KOLEKCIONISANIH SELEKCIJA DANARIKE (Prunus cerasifera Erhr.) R. Miletiæ, M. ikiæ, Nevena Mitiæ i Radomirka Nikoliæ Institut SRBIJA, Centar za poljoprivredna i tehnološka istraivanja, Zajeèar Kolekcioni zasad je formiran 1995. godine u okolini Svrljiga od 32 genotipa odabranih iz spontane populacije danarike u istoènoj Srbiji. Voæke su okalemljene na sejancu danarike, zasaðene na rastojanju 5x4 m na blagoj padini jugozapadne ekspozicije. U radu su prikazane najvanije karakteristike za 19 kolekcionisanih selekcija i proseèni rezultati za period od 2000-2003. godine. Opisane su vanije karakteristike stabla, produktivnost i osobine plodova i koštice. Tako je proseèna krupnoæa (duina, širina, debljina) za plodove svih selekcija bila 25.0x24.4x25.0 mm, a koštica 14.5x10.3x6.6 mm. Proseèna masa plodova je 12.1 g (24.3-4.8 g), a koštica 0.85 g (2.2-0.3 g). U zavisnosti od mase ploda i koštice sadraj mezokarpa je 93.0% (96.3-90.3). S obzirom na moguænost korišæenja plodova u proizvodnji biološki visokovredne hrane, detaljno je obraðen hemijski sastav mezokarpa. Plodovi se pored ostalog odlikuju i poveæanim sadrajem ukupnih kiselina, proseèno 3.09% (3.44-2.60%) što je bio i cilj selekcije. Sadraj ukupno suvih materija je 13,5% (16.2-10.3%), ukupno rastvorljivih suvih materija 125% (14.5-9.5%) i ukupnih šeæera 6.00% (11.45-3.14%). Izdvojene selekcije po svim osobinama zasluuju veæu panju kako u cilju oèuvanja biodiverziteta, formiranju banke gena tako i za komercijalno gajenje u organizovanoj proizvodnji. POMOLOGICALLY-TEHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PLUM-TREES COLLECTED SELECTIONS OF THE Prunus cerasifera Erhr. The collection plantation consisting of 32 genotypes selected from the spontaneous population of the plum-trees Prunus cerasifera Erhr. was established in the surroundings of the small town of Svrljig in Eastern Serbia. The fruit-trees were budded on the Prunus cerasifera seedlings, planted on the distance of 5x4 on a mild slope of the south-western exposition.The study shows the most important characteristics for the 19 collected selections , as well as the average results for the period from 2000 to 2003. There are described the most significant characteristics of the tree – trunks, productivity and characteristics of fruits and bone.Therefore , the averge coarseness, involving the lenght,width and thickness, of fruits is 25.0x 24.4x25.0 mm, and of the bone 14.4x 10.3 x3.6 mm. The average fruit mass is 12.1 g (24.3-4.8 g), and of bone 0.85 g (2.2-0.3 g). Depending on the fruit and bone mass, the mezocarp content is 93 % (96.3-90.3). Taking into consideration the possibility of exploiting fruits in production of biologically high-valuable food, the chemical content of the mezocarp was thoroughly examined. Among others, the fruits are distinguished by increased content of total acids, amounting averagely 3.09 % (3.44-2.60 %) , what was the aim of the selection work. The content of total amount of dry matter is 13.5 %(16.2-10.3 %) , total amount of soluble dry matters is 12.5 % (14.5-9.5 %) and total amount of sugars 6.00 % (11.45- 3.14 %) .According to all beforementioned characteristics, the picked out selections deserve greater attention, aimed to preserve the biodiversiry, form the gene bank, and to be cultivated commercially in an organized production, as well.
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Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije

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