Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije
Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije
Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
190 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE V-Usm-7<br />
Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004.<br />
GENSKA TERAPIJA KANCERA<br />
Tatjana Mitroviæ<br />
Prirodno-matematièki fakultet, Odsek za biologiju sa ekologijom, Niš<br />
Genska terapija kancera bi se moglo definisati kao transfer nukleinskih kiselina u<br />
tumorske ili normalne æelije sa ciljem eliminacije ili redukcije tumorske mase direktnim<br />
ubijanjem æelija, stimulisanim imunim sistemom ili korekcijom genetièkih grešaka i<br />
reverzijom malignog stanja. Trenutno se u svetu odvija 608 klinièkih protokola genske<br />
terapije kancera (66.2% od ukupnog broja tekuæih protokola genske terapije).<br />
Strategije koje su na raspolaganju u areni za borbu protiv kancera su: 1) terapija «genom<br />
samoubicom», 2) imunogenska terapija, 3) korekcija mutiranog tumor supresor gena i/ili<br />
blokada onkogena i proinflamatornih gena i 4) antiangiogenska terapija. Iako je<br />
pokrenuta sa dosta optimizma i entuzijazma, genska terapija kancera je do sada dala<br />
ogranièene rezultate. Osim nekoliko sluèajeva terapeutskih odgovora kod pacijenata,<br />
genska terapija kancera još uvek nije pokazala klinièku efikasnost što je uzrokovano pre<br />
svega veoma niskom transdukcijom i efikasnošæu ekspresije in vivo trenutnih vektora.<br />
«Magièni» vektor za gensku terapiju tumora bi trebao da poseduje sledeæe karakteristike:<br />
da bude primenjen neinvazivnim putem, da pogaða ne samo primarni tumor, nego i<br />
rasejane tumorske æelije i mikrometastaze na udaljenim i nepristupaènim mestima i da<br />
nosi terapeutski gen sa tumor-restiktivnom, vremenski-regulisanom i postojanom<br />
ekspresijom. Ovaj rad daje pregled trenutnih poteškoæa i beskrajnih nada i moguænosti<br />
genske terapije.<br />
CANCER GENE THERAPY<br />
Cancer gene therapy can be defined as transfer of nucleic acids into tumor or normal cells<br />
with aim to eradicate or reduce tumor mass by direct killing of cells, induction of immune-mediated<br />
destruction or correction of genetic errors and reversion of malignant status.<br />
Presently, there are 608 cancer gene therapy clinical trials worldwide (66.2% of total<br />
number ongoing gene therapy clinical trials).<br />
Available strategies in cancer gene therapy arena are following: 1) suicide gene therapy,<br />
2) immunogene therapy, 3) tumor suppressor gene replacement and/or oncogene and<br />
proinflamatory gene blockage and 4) antiangiogenic therapy. Initially started with lots of<br />
optimism and enthusiasm, cancer gene therapy has shown limited success so far. Despite<br />
few reports of therapeutic responses in some patients, there is still no proof of clinical efficacy<br />
of most cancer gene therapy approaches, primarily due to very low transduction<br />
and expression efficacy in vivo of available vectors. «Magic» gene therapy vector should:<br />
be administrated through a noninvasive route, target not only primary tumor mass, but<br />
disseminated tumor cells and micrometastasis at distanced and unreachable sites as well,<br />
and carry therapeutic gene with tumor-restricted and time - regulated and sustained expression.<br />
This review highlights current hurdles and endless hopes and possibilities of<br />
cancer gene therapy.