Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije

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166 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE IV-Pos-49 Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004. PATERN ANALIZA U OPLEMENJIVANJU KUKURUZA 1. - PRINOS ZRNA M. Babiæ, Violeta Anðelkoviæ, N. Deliæ i G. Stankoviæ Institut za kukuruz «Zemun Polje», Beograd-Zemun Ogledi u pojedinaènim spoljašnjim sredinama ne omoguæuju donošenje opštih zakljuèaka koji se tièu testiranih genotipova. Zato se ogledi izvode u više spoljašnjih sredina što je najèešæe praæeno pojavom znaèajne interakcija genoptipa i spoljne sredine za kvantitativna svojstva. Sa poveæanjem razlika izmeðu genotipova i spoljašnjih sredina, interakcija genotipa i spoljašnje sredine se poveæava i postaje znaèajnija. Znaèajna interakcija genoptipa i spoljne sredine za kvantitativna svojstva, kao što je prinos zrna, umanjuje, kod superiornih genotipova, upotrebljivost srednje vrednosti za sve lokalitete. Zdruene tehnike klasifikacije i ordinacije omoguæuju grupisanje genotipova na osnovu sliènosti koju pokazuju u ogledima izvedenim u više spoljašnjih sredina (najèešæe lokacija) što je od izuzetne vaznosti u uslovima izrazene interakcije genotipa i spoljašnje sredine kada sama proseèna visina prinosa najèešæe nije dovoljno pouzdan parametar. Ovaj vid analize nije dovoljno primenjen u uobièajenom oplemenjivaèkom radu delimièno iz razloga što se kod svake od integrisanih tehnika (klasifikacija i ordinacija) prua više moguænosti, tako da novim korisnicima èesto izgleda teško napraviti pravi izbor metoda, dijagnostike i grafike, kako kada se radi o tehnikama klasifikacije tako i kada se radi o tehnikama ordinacije. PATERN ANALYSIS IN MAIZE BREEDING 1. – GRAIN YIELD Experiments in single environment (location or year) do not allow drawing a general conclusion regarding the tested genotypes. Breeders want to know how the genotype reacts in wide range of environments. So, Multi Environment Trials are essential for breeding process. Most frequently, multi environment trials (MET) are followed by significant genotype by environment interaction. Significant Genotype by Environment interaction for quantitative traits, such as grain yield, reduces the usefulness of genotype means, over all environments, for selecting superior genotypes. As the range of genotypic and environmental differences widens, Genotype by Environment interaction often become large and more apparent. Because proximity measures occur in pairs where both, similarity and dissimilarity measures exploit the same type of informations, companion classification and ordination techniques can be achieved. They complement each other in analysis of GE data, and combined analysis is more valuable, especially if GxE interaction is significant (usefulness of genotype means, over all environments, for selecting superior genotypes is reduced). This analysis seems to be not enough exploited in routine breeding work partly because within both of integrated techniques the choice of method, diagnostics and graphics is required, which seems to be problem for new user.
IV-Pos-50 ZBORNIK ABSTRAKATA III KONGRESA GENETIÈARA SRBIJE 167 Subotica, 30. novembar - 4. decembar 2004. PATERN ANALIZA U OPLEMENJIVANJU KUKURUZA 2. ASI (BROJ DANA IZMEÐU METLIÈENJA I SVILANJA) Violeta Anðelkoviæ, M. Babiæ, N. Deliæ, G. Saratliæ i G. Stankoviæ Institut za kukuruz «Zemun Polje», Beograd Kukuruz, kao i veæina drugih itarica, najveæe potrebe za vodom ima u vreme cvetanja, kada se formira broj zrna. Vodni deficit u vreme cvetenja moe uticati na smanjenje prinosa zrna koje 2-3 puta veæe u odnosu na sušu u drugoj vegetativnoj fazi. Broj dana izmeðu metlièenja i svilanja (ASI) je znaèajan pokazatelj vodnog statusa biljke,koji je u negativnoj korelaciji sa prinosom zrna u uslovima suše. Oplemenjivanje kukuruza u pravcu poveæanja tolerantnosti prema suši u vreme cvetanja, je veoma kompleksan proces. Primena novih analitièkih metoda omoguæava grupisanje i izdvajanje genotipova sa odreðenim karakteristikama. Klaster analiza je veoma pogodna i za organizovanje genotipova sliènih u odnosu na ASI. Kombinacija rezultata klastera za ASI i prinos zrna u razlièitim sredinama, moe biti veoma korisno u procesu oplemenjivanja kukuruza. PATERN ANALYSIS IN MAIZE BREEDING 2. ASI (ANTHESIS-SILKING INTERVAL) Maize, like other crops, has the biggest water defficit at flowering time during grain yield formation. Drought at flowering could decrease grain yield 2-3 fold more then drought in other vegetative phases. ASI is very important indicator of water status in maize, which is negativelly correlated with grain yield during drought. Breeding maize for improved drought tolerance at flowering time is very complex. Application of new analitical methods allows to group togather genotypes with similar characteristics. Cluster analysis is very effective in organizing genotypes regarding to ASI. Combination of clustering results for ASI and grain yield in different environments could be very useful in breeding programes in maize.
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DRUŠTVO GENETIČARA SRBIJE SERBIAN
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Uvodno predavanje Opening lecture
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Zbornik - Društvo genetičara Srbije

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